Management 300 Test 4

Two Types of Inequity

-overpayment -underpayment

Mashuk is a manager who is working with his subordinates to determine their goals for the upcoming year. What step of the MBO does this illustrate?

2

Prosocial Behavior

Behavior that is performed to help other people

Social Learning Theory

Considers how peoples thoughts and beliefs and observations of other people's behaviors influence learning and motivation

Self-reinforcer

Desired, reward or outcome that a person gives to themself for good performance

Feedback control is used at which stage of the process of transforming inputs into finished goods and services?

Output

Output Control

Requires that managers be sensitive to how they use output control and constantly monitor its effect at all levels of organization.

Servant Leader

Shares power with followers and ensures those who are least-well off in society are having their most important needs met, are able to develop as individuals, and are enhancing their well-being.

When employees aren't treated fairly there is

inequity

paycheck is an example of an

outcome

Caution to managers in a bureaucratic system?

- too much standardization can result in people not thinking for themselves. -since rules diminish flexibility, managers must cautiously avoid becoming too bureaucratic -too much bureaucracy can slow decision making

Four Steps in Organizational Change Process:

-Assess the need for change -Decide on the change to make -Implement the change -Evaluate the change

Liquidity Ratios

-Current Ratio -Quick Ratio

If Dana uses management by objectives, in order for the program to be successful , she must ensure that managers and subordinates believe that performance evaluations are

-Fair -Accurate

Profit Ratio

-Operating margin -Return on investment

Contingency Models of Leadership

-Path Goal -Fielder's -Leader Substitutes

Fielder's Two Basic Leader Styles

-Task Oriented -Relationship Oriented

Three Major Factors of the Expectancy Theory

-Valence -instrumentality -expectancy

In order for management by objectives to be effective, it is essential that managers and subordinates believe that the performance evaluations are

-accurate -fair

Transformational managers

-charismatic -intellectually stimulate -engage in developmental consideration

Robert Blake/ Jane Mouton

-concern for people -concern for production

Measures how well managers are creating value from organizational assets

-days sales outstanding -inventory turnover

Organizations try to increase employee motivation and performance by understanding the link between

-desired behaviors -outcomes

Not a mechanism used to define success criteria for output control

-feedback and evaluation

Control systems help monitor which of the following building blocks of competitive advantage

-innovation -quality -superior efficiency -responsiveness to customers

In the third step of Organization Change, managers must

-introduce and manage the change -decide whether the change will occur from top-down or bottom-up

Types of power:

-legitimate -reward -coercive -expert -referent

Examples of methods used by managers for behavior controls are

-management by objectives -bureaucratic control -direct supervision

Female Managers tend to be

-more participative

People follow

-person -position -process

Ways a person can be motivated

-prosocially -Intrinsically -extrinsically

Reasons that bonuses tend to have more motivational impact

-salary levels tend to vary less in performance - a current salary may be affected by factors other than performance -a larger percentage of a salary is based on factors unrelated to current performance

Research suggests that the best goals are

-specific -challenging

The Four Building Blocks of Competitive Advantage are:

-superior efficiency -quality -responsiveness to customers -innovation

Motivation is pyschological forces that determine

-the direction of a person's behavior -person's level of effort -person's level of persistence

Bases for authority

-tradition -reason -charisma

Bureaucratic control is the most useful when organizational activities are

-well understood -routine

Charlotte works with her subordinates periodically to review their progress toward the goals that she worked with them to set.

Charlotte is using management by objective

Cecily's company is constantly attempting to improve, adapt, and adjust strategy and structure to react to changes in the market. What kind of change is this?

Evolutionary

During which step of the change process is it critical for managers to realize the need for change.

First

How many steps are involved with the control process?

Four -Establishing standards of performance -Measure actual performance -Compare actual performance against standard -Evaluate the result

Valence

In expectancy theory, how desirable each of the outcomes available from the organization is to a person.

Controlling

Monitoring how organizational members are performing activities necessary to achieve organizational goals.

At which step of the control process does establishing standards of performance occur?

Step 1

Which of the following best defines organizational change?

The movement of an organizational away from its present state and toward some desired future state

The operating margin is calculated by dividing

company's operating profit by sales revenue.

At the conversion stage,

concurrent control gives managers immediate feedback on how efficiently inputs are being transformed into outputs so managers correct problems as they arise.

Feedback systems which provide managers with information about how well the organizational strategy and structure are working for an example of

control systems

Quick ratio is the organization's current assets minus inventory

divided by current liabilities

Operating margin performance offers information about how

efficiently an organization uses its resources

Overpayment inequity

exists when a person perceives that his or her own own outcome-input ratio is greater than the ratio of the referent.

Performing to avoid punishment

extrinsically motivated

What a person contributes to the job is an

input

Assume that organizational structure is causing problems between research and development team and the marketing team. This is an example of

internal

If the manager of a local retail store wants to assess how quickly the store is turning over inventory, the manager would calculate the

inventory turnover

According to Maslow, once a need is satisfied

it no longer motivates

Measures that allow managers to assess how efficiently an organization is producing goods or services are contained in

organizational control systems

U.S. Organizations have

short-term profit orientation

When managers have coercive power they may respond to employees who are slow to complete a task by,

threatening to dock their pay or reduce hours