International Bus chapter 2,4,5

what are the four religions dominating the world?

1) christianity 2) islam 3) hinduism 4) buddhish

what are three common ethical problems

1) conflicts of interests (ex: bribes, kickbacks, influence) 2) human resources issues (ex: discrimination, harassment, sexual, otherwise) 3) customer confidence issues (ex: confidentiality, product safety, truth in advertising, fiduciary responsibilities

family ties in the work place

1) family ties/nepotism 2) religion remains underyering principle in all aspects of life 3) entertainment and development amoungst clients in essential

Individuals and four ethical decision-making styles: what are they?

1) individualism 2) altruism 3) pragmatism 4) idealism

what are the three type of Economic Systems

1) market economy 2) command economy 3) mixed economy

Intellectual property

1) patents 2) copyrights 3) trademarks 4) brand names

what are components of culture?

1) religion 2) political philosophy 3) economic philosphy 4) education 5) language 6) social structure

what are the 5 ways to analyze ethical dilemmas?

1) utiltarian (consequentialist): end result-maximize benefits to society and minimize harms; difficult to measure both 2) rights (deontological)- person entitle to be treated a certain way (right to life, safety)- dilemma: which duty, right or principle matters the most 3) kant (categorical imperative) "act as if the maxim of thy action were to become...universal law" 4) John Rowls (veil of ignorance) 5) justice and integrity (virtue ethics)-aristotle

utilitarian (consequentialist)

END result-maximize benefits to society and minimize harm (note: difficult to measure both)

mixed economy

a combined economy that mixes aspects of command and market economies

John Rawls

a way to analyze ethical delemmas that veil of ignorance

uncertainty avoidance

accepting of ambiguous situations and tolerating uncertainty

cross cultural literacy

an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations affect business practices

kant

categorical imperative- "act as if the maxim of thy action were to become...universal law"

script schemas

cognitive framework to impose structure

what are the three main types of legal systems

common law civil law theocratic law

What does intellectual property often form the basis of a firms ________

competitive advantage

justice and integrity (virtue ethics)

created by aristotle -moral character of person is important -we judge less harshly if they did not intend to do harm -benefits and burdens are distributed equally according to some acceptable rule -individual character defined by community or profession community (accounting profession)

hofestede

culture in the workplace

cultural change

culture is not a constant; it evolves over time globalization will continue to have impacts on cultures around the world

what defines culture?

culture norms and value systems: 1) religion 2) education 3) social structure 4) language 5) economic philosophy 6) political philosophy

how can we define ethics?

ethics includes notions of right and wrong influence: 1) religious beliefs 2) family background 3) education 4) community/neighborhood 5) media influences

what are examples of cultural change?

ex 1: since 1960s, american values toward the role of women have changed ex 2: japan moved towards greater individualism in the workplace

pragmatism

focus on the circumstantial specifics and potential outcomes may sacrifice important principles to produce certain results

individualism vs. collectivism

individual vs. fellows within a culture

the car example with the gas tank in the bumber example is it legal? is it moral? is it ethical?

is it legal?yes is it moral? no is it ethical?yes

ethical systems

moral principles/ values guide and shape behavior (more are the product of religions)

Mores? check typo

norms central to society and its social life (greater significance; violation can bring serious retribution) ex: theft, adultery, incent

Rights (deontological)

person entitled to be treated to certain way (e.g. rightt o life, safety)- dilemma: which duty, right or principle matters the most

individualism

personal SURVIVIALL and self-preservation "if I don't take care of my own needs, I will never be able to address the concerns of others." reliances on reason and reasoning (often mere rationalization)

why ethical problems occur in business

personal gain and self-interest (efficiency approach) competitive pressure to make profits

ethical issues tend to be _______

predictable

altruism

primary concern is other people may even sacrifice self produce the greatest good for the greatest number make the world a better place

Idealism

principles are foremost concern life governed by regulations and values duties are absolute person of "high moral fiber" may apear rigid, inflexible

values

provide the context within which a society's norms are established and justified

masculinity vs. feminity

relationship between gender and work roles

Folkways

routine of everyday life (little moral significance) ex: dress codes, social manners and neighborly behavior

legal systems

rules/laws that regulate behavior

religion

shared beliefs concerned with "the sacred"

power distance

society's ability to deal with inequalities

norms

the social rules that govern the actions of people towards one another

command economy

what to produce is determined by goverment plans how to produce goods is determand by govert mandates production methods who to produce for is governed by determined gov't allocation

market economy

what to produced is determaned by supply and demand how to produce is determanded by producers seek prfit and manimize cost who products are produced for are determed by purchasing power