International Bus chapter 2,4,5
what are the four religions dominating the world?
1) christianity 2) islam 3) hinduism 4) buddhish
what are three common ethical problems
1) conflicts of interests (ex: bribes, kickbacks, influence) 2) human resources issues (ex: discrimination, harassment, sexual, otherwise) 3) customer confidence issues (ex: confidentiality, product safety, truth in advertising, fiduciary responsibilities
family ties in the work place
1) family ties/nepotism 2) religion remains underyering principle in all aspects of life 3) entertainment and development amoungst clients in essential
Individuals and four ethical decision-making styles: what are they?
1) individualism 2) altruism 3) pragmatism 4) idealism
what are the three type of Economic Systems
1) market economy 2) command economy 3) mixed economy
Intellectual property
1) patents 2) copyrights 3) trademarks 4) brand names
what are components of culture?
1) religion 2) political philosophy 3) economic philosphy 4) education 5) language 6) social structure
what are the 5 ways to analyze ethical dilemmas?
1) utiltarian (consequentialist): end result-maximize benefits to society and minimize harms; difficult to measure both 2) rights (deontological)- person entitle to be treated a certain way (right to life, safety)- dilemma: which duty, right or principle matters the most 3) kant (categorical imperative) "act as if the maxim of thy action were to become...universal law" 4) John Rowls (veil of ignorance) 5) justice and integrity (virtue ethics)-aristotle
utilitarian (consequentialist)
END result-maximize benefits to society and minimize harm (note: difficult to measure both)
mixed economy
a combined economy that mixes aspects of command and market economies
John Rawls
a way to analyze ethical delemmas that veil of ignorance
uncertainty avoidance
accepting of ambiguous situations and tolerating uncertainty
cross cultural literacy
an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations affect business practices
kant
categorical imperative- "act as if the maxim of thy action were to become...universal law"
script schemas
cognitive framework to impose structure
what are the three main types of legal systems
common law civil law theocratic law
What does intellectual property often form the basis of a firms ________
competitive advantage
justice and integrity (virtue ethics)
created by aristotle -moral character of person is important -we judge less harshly if they did not intend to do harm -benefits and burdens are distributed equally according to some acceptable rule -individual character defined by community or profession community (accounting profession)
hofestede
culture in the workplace
cultural change
culture is not a constant; it evolves over time globalization will continue to have impacts on cultures around the world
what defines culture?
culture norms and value systems: 1) religion 2) education 3) social structure 4) language 5) economic philosophy 6) political philosophy
how can we define ethics?
ethics includes notions of right and wrong influence: 1) religious beliefs 2) family background 3) education 4) community/neighborhood 5) media influences
what are examples of cultural change?
ex 1: since 1960s, american values toward the role of women have changed ex 2: japan moved towards greater individualism in the workplace
pragmatism
focus on the circumstantial specifics and potential outcomes may sacrifice important principles to produce certain results
individualism vs. collectivism
individual vs. fellows within a culture
the car example with the gas tank in the bumber example is it legal? is it moral? is it ethical?
is it legal?yes is it moral? no is it ethical?yes
ethical systems
moral principles/ values guide and shape behavior (more are the product of religions)
Mores? check typo
norms central to society and its social life (greater significance; violation can bring serious retribution) ex: theft, adultery, incent
Rights (deontological)
person entitled to be treated to certain way (e.g. rightt o life, safety)- dilemma: which duty, right or principle matters the most
individualism
personal SURVIVIALL and self-preservation "if I don't take care of my own needs, I will never be able to address the concerns of others." reliances on reason and reasoning (often mere rationalization)
why ethical problems occur in business
personal gain and self-interest (efficiency approach) competitive pressure to make profits
ethical issues tend to be _______
predictable
altruism
primary concern is other people may even sacrifice self produce the greatest good for the greatest number make the world a better place
Idealism
principles are foremost concern life governed by regulations and values duties are absolute person of "high moral fiber" may apear rigid, inflexible
values
provide the context within which a society's norms are established and justified
masculinity vs. feminity
relationship between gender and work roles
Folkways
routine of everyday life (little moral significance) ex: dress codes, social manners and neighborly behavior
legal systems
rules/laws that regulate behavior
religion
shared beliefs concerned with "the sacred"
power distance
society's ability to deal with inequalities
norms
the social rules that govern the actions of people towards one another
command economy
what to produce is determined by goverment plans how to produce goods is determand by govert mandates production methods who to produce for is governed by determined gov't allocation
market economy
what to produced is determaned by supply and demand how to produce is determanded by producers seek prfit and manimize cost who products are produced for are determed by purchasing power