Management chapter 3

___ is the degree to which a supplier relies on a customer because of the importance of that customer to the supplier's sales and the difficulty of finding other customers for its products

A. Buyer dependence

___ are graphic depictions of how managers believe environmental factors relate to possible organizational actions

A. Cognitive maps

___ are defined as companies in the same industry that sell similar products or services to customers

A. Competitors

In the context of the external environment of a firm, ____ involves searching the environment for important events or issues that might affect an organization

A. Environmental scanning

In the context of the external environment of a firm, which of the following statements is true of environmental scanning?

A. Managers scan their firm's environment to reduce uncertainty

Which of the following is a component of the general environment that indirectly affects all organizations?

A. Political/legal trends

Which of the following is the least aggressive tactic by advocacy groups?

A. Public communication

Managers feel confident that they can understand, predict, and react to the external forces affecting their businesses when:

A. Resource scarcity is low

In the context of creation and maintenance of organizational cultures, a primary source of organizational culture is ___

A. The company founder

Which of the following is true of business confidence indices?

A. They show how sure actual managers are about future business growth

___ are groups of concerned citizens who band together to try to influence the business practices of specific industries, businesses, and professions

B. Advocacy groups

environmental uncertainty in an organization is high when:

B. Environmental change is extensive

The economy is a part of the ___ that influences all organizations

B. General environment

In the context of federal regulation agencies and commissions, the ___ stops companies from engaging in unfair workforce practices

B. National labor relations board

___ refers to a transaction in which one party in the relationship benefits at the expense of the other

B. Opportunistic behavior

In the context of the number and the intensity of external factors in the environment that affect organizations, a(n) ____ is defined as an environment with few environmental factors

B. Simple environment

In the context of the specific environment of an organization, which of the following is a difference between supplier dependence and buyer dependence?

B. Supplier dependence is the degree to which a company relies on a dealer's product, whereas buyer dependence is the degree to which a supplier relies on a consumer

In the context of the specific environment of an organization, which of the following is a similarity between the public communications approach and a product boycott?

C. Both are advocacy group tactics

In the context of the specific environment of an organization, which of the following is a difference between opportunistic behavior and relationship behavior?

C. In opportunistic behavior, either the buyer or the seller benefits at the expense of the other, whereas in relationship behavior, both the buyer and the seller mutually benefit

In the context of the internal and external forces that affect business, which of the following is a difference between stable environments and dynamic environments?

C. In stable enviroments, the rate of enviromental change is slow, whereas in dynamic enviroments, the rate of enviromental change is fast

Which of the following exemplifies a sociocultural component in the general organizational environment?

C. Increasing popularity of weight management programs

The ____ component of the specific environment of an organization consists of rules that govern the business practices and procedures of specific businesses and professions

C. Industry regulation

In the context of changing environments, identify a true statement about environmental uncertainty

C. It is most likely to be low when environmental complexity is at a low level

Because of a financial crisis, Isaavne, an automobile manufacturer, terminated 200 factory employees without prior notice. As a result, the labor union filed a suit against the company on the grounds of wrongful termination, and it had to pay a large amount as fine. In the context of the general environment, this scenario best illustrates the effect of the ___ on organizations.

C. Legal component

___ refers to the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by organizational members

C. Organizational culture

Organizational members use ____ to make sense of organizational events and changes and to emphasize culturally consistent assumptions, decisions, and actions

C. Organizational stories

___ involves identifying and addressing customer needs, trends, and issues, and issues before they occur

C. Proactive monitoring of customers

Which of the following exemplifies a political/legal trend in the general organizational environments?

C. Regulations concerning the disposal of biological wastes

In the context of the specific environment of an organization, identify a difference between the public communications approach and a media advocacy approach

C. The public communications approach relies on voluntary participation by the advertising industry to send out an advocacy group's message, whereas a media advocacy approach involves framing a group's concerns as public issues

In the context of the external environments that influence organizations, which of the following is a difference between the general environment and the specific environment?

C. Unlike the specific environment, the general environment is responsible for indirectly affecting all organizations

Which of the following is a tactic in which an advocacy group actively tries to persuade consumers not to purchase a company's goods or services?

D. A product boycott

____ is the process of having managers and employees perform new behaviors that are central to and symbolic of the new organizational culture that a company wants to creat

D. Behavioral addition

In the context of changing organizational cultures, which of the following is a difference between behavioral addition and behavioral substitution

D. Behavioral addition is the process of having managers and employees perform a new behavior, whereas behavioral substitution is having managers and employees perform a new behavior in place of another behavior

To motivate employees to perform better, the Human Resources department of Martianse, a chain of retail apparel stores, replaced the company's fixed incentive system with a performance-based incentive system. In this scenario, Martianse's Human Resources department us most likely using ___

D. Behavioral substitution

While setting up his new office, an attorney ordered thick, frieze carpets for the floor. However, the building inspector had him remove the expensive carpeting. The building inspector stated that according to federal law, the office must be wheelchair accessible as it is a public area. He further explained that....

D. Industry regulation

The health awareness board in the country of Gelhanwa made it mandatory for all brands that sell tobacco and tobacco products to display a disclaimer highlighting the dangers of tobacco on their product covers. In the context of the specific environment, this scenario best illustrates the effect of the _____ on organizations

D. Industry regulation component

___ is a tactic that typically involves framing issues as public issues ; exposing questionable, exploitative, or unethical practices; and creating controversy that is likely to receive extensive news coverage

D. Media advocacy

Most of the managers and team members of Wilbesht, a pharmaceutical company, are under the age of 40. The structure of the company is informal and flexible. This scenario best illustrates Wilbesht's _____.

D. Organizational culture

A court ruling against the wrongful dismissal of employees is a development in the _____ component of the general environment.

D. Political/legal

___ is the abundance of shortage of critical organizational resources in an organization's external environment

D. Resource scarcity

___ is the Degree to which a company relies on a provider because the importance of the provider's product to the company and the difficulty of finding other sources of that product

D. Supplier dependence

Which of the following forms a component of the specific environment of an organization?

D. The customers

In the context of the specific environment of an organization, which of the following is a difference between reactive customer monitoring and proactive monitoring of customers ?

D. Unlike reactive customer monitoring, proactive monitoring of customers identifies and addresses customer needs before they occur