management exam 2
specificity
A performance measure that does a good job of telling employees what is expected of them and how to meet those expectations is said to have a high level of Blank______.
performance appraisal
Assessment of an employee's performance
pay level
the average amount (including wages, salaries, and bonuses) the organization pays for a particular job
reliability
the consistency of a performance measure
specificity
the extent to which a performance measure tells employees what is expected of them and how they can meet these expectations
acceptability
the extent to which employees belive the performance management system is fair
validity
the extent to which performance measures asses all the relevant aspects of performance
instrumentality
the main influence of incentive compensation
process
the more dynamic theories that foucus on explaining how internal and external factors motivate people are __________ theories
motivation
the psychological mechanisms that guide the direction, intensity, and persistence of one's behaviors or thoughts are known as:
instrumentality
the question "what are the chances of receiving various outcomes if i achieve my performance goals?" represents which element of expectancy theory?
valence
the question that asks "how much do i value the outcomes i will recieve by achieving my performance goals?" represents which element of expectancy theory?
job structure
the relative pay for different jobs within the organization
content
the theories that focus on identifying internal factors are _________ theories
contamination
things we measure/ that are included in performance appraisal but do not accurately measure job performance
extrensic
type of motivation that stems form the outcome associated with the task
intrinsic
type of motivation that stems from actual interest or enjoyment from the task itself
maslows and mcclellands
what are the 2 content theories?
strategic congruence and acceptability
what are the 2 criteria for performance measures
achievement, affiliation, power
what are the 3 acquired needs stated in McClelland's theory
equity, expectancy, and goal setting
what are the 3 process theories?
comparative attribute and behavioral
what are the 3 subjective approaches of performance appraisal
results and quality
what are the two quantitative approaches of performance appraisal
job design
what can be used to make employees have more intrinsic motivations
cognitive dissonance
what motivates corrective action in equity theory?
equity theory
which theory is based on comparing one's outputs and inputs with those of others?
deficiency
elements of actual performance that are not measured/ included in performance appraisal
motivation
force that acts on or within us that causes us to behave in certain ways
valence
how you value the outcomes in the expectancy theory
ownership
pay plan that encourages employees to focus on company success; gives employees skin in the game to do better
profit sharing
payments are based on a a measure of an organizations performance and payments do not become a part of base pay
gain sharing
pays incentive for gains in productivity or efficiency
performance feedback
provides information regarding their performance effectiveness
attribute
What term describes an approach to performance management that involves focusing on certain traits or characteristics possessed by individuals that are thought to be related to the company's success?
alternation
What type of ranking is being used when managers look over a list of employees, decide who is best and cross that name off the list, decide who is the worst employee and cross that name off the list, and then repeat the process?
deficient
When a performance measure does not measure all aspects of performance, it is considered Blank______.
incentive compensation
a wide variety of pay practices that seek to provide "incentives" to employees to behave in a particular way.
job evaluation
administrative procedure used to measure internal job worth/equity
design
altering jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is called job __________
non key
jobs that are unique or specialized for a specific organization; do not have external data to help guide what we should pay this job title
merit pay plan
links performance appraisal ratings to annual pay increases
comparative
method of employee performance appraisal that compares performance with others (ranking, forced distribution, paired comparison)
attribute
method of employee performance appraisal that includes things like a rating scale
behavioral
method of employee performance appraisal that requires managers to keep record of specific examples of effective and ineffective performance
