Management Final
What management challenges do virtual teams present?
1. Managers think they have to see team members working to believe that work is being done 2. Building trust among members separated geographically. 3. communication is especially important.
Identify the five needs of Maslow's hierarchy
1. Self-actualization 2. Esteem 3. Love/Belonging 4. Safety 5. Psychological
What are the assumptions of the rational decision-making model?
1. people understand what the decision to be made is. 2. people know all their available choices. 3. people want to make optimal decisions.
What does POLC stand for?
> Planning > Organizing > Leading > Controlling
What are the advantages of written communication?
> Provide a tangible and verifiable record > Record can be stored for an indefinite period of time > Physically available for later reference > More likely to be well thought-out, logical, and clear
How can we have effective communication in organizations?
> Secure Communication Channels > Eliminate Barriers
What are the disadvantage of written communication?
> Time consuming > Lack of feedback > May not be read
What are SMART goals?
> specific > measurable > aggressive/achievable >realistic > timely.
requires employers to take positive steps to guarantee equal employment opportunities for people within protected groups
Affirmative action
What is noise in the process model of communication?
Anything that interferes with or distorts the Message being transformed
> high task, low relationship > Task oriented, hard on workers > little or no allowance for cooperation or collaboration
Authoritarian Leader
> make the decision alone without necessarily involving employees in the decision making process. > works well in environments that require near-perfect accuracy such as a factory
Autocratic leadership
________________ is a group process of generated ideas that follows a set of guidelines which include no criticism of ideas, and building on other ideas
Brainstorming
________________ is a group process of generated ideas that follows a set of guidelines which include no criticism of ideas, and building on other ideas.
Brainstorming
> driven by their convictions and commitment to their cause. > depends on the leaders' personality and actions (not the process or structure), which can inspire and motivate followers to perform at high levels.
Charismatic leadership
What are the traits related to leader emergence?
Conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness
> low task, high relationship > uses predominantly reward power to maintain discipline > incapable of employing the more punitive coercive and legitimate powers
Country Club Leader
________________ refers to selecting choices among alternative courses of action, which may also include inaction.
Decision making
> Encourage employees participate in the making of the decision > Distribute responsibility among the membership
Democratic Leadership
refers to the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
Discrimination
happens when the sender or the receiver is upset, whether about the subject at hand or about some unrelated incident that may have happened earlier.
Emotional disconnect
________________________ happen when the Sender or the Receiver is upset, whether about the subject at hand.
Emotional disconnects
_____________ needs refer to the desire to be respected by one's peers, feeling important, and being appreciated.
Esteem
In bounded rationality model, Individuals knowingly expand their options and choose the best alternative without conducting an exhaustive search for alternatives.
False: In bounded rationality model, Individuals knowingly limit their options and choose the best alternative without conducting an exhaustive search for alternatives.
Once physiological needs are satisfied, people tend to become concerned about self- actualization.
False: Once physiological needs are satisfied, people tend to become concerned about safety.
Self-esteem is one of the Big Five personality traits and is an important aspect of one's personality.
False: Self-esteem is not one of the Big Five personality traits but it is an important aspect of one's personality
All leaders hold a position of authority and may utilize the power that comes from their position, as well as their personal power to influence others.
False: Some leaders hold a position of authority and may utilize the power that comes from their position, as well as their personal power to influence others.
The tendency to avoid critical evaluation of ideas the group favors is called social loafing.
False: The tendency to avoid critical evaluation of ideas the group favors is called groupthink.
Written communications do a better job of conveying feelings
False: Written communications do a better job of conveying facts
A group made up of managers, subordinates, or both with close associations among group members that influence the behavior of individuals in the group is a(n) ___________ work group.
Formal
Leaders who hold a position of authority and may utilize the power that comes from their position, as well as their personal power to influence others, is/are called _______________.
Formal Leaders
A collection of individuals who interact with each other such that one person's actions have an impact on the others is a ______________.
Group
What are the issues in group decision making?
Groupthink and social loafing
> low task, low relationship > uses a "delegate and disappear" management style > allow their team to do whatever it wishes and prefer to detach themselves from the team process
Impoverished Leader
In the ___________________________________ of decision making, individuals knowingly limit their options to a manageable set and choose the best alternative without conducting an exhaustive search for alternatives.
In the bounded rationality model
__________________________________ groups are made up of two or more individuals who are associated with one another in ways not prescribed by the formal organization.
Informal
Companies often have their own acronyms and buzzwords called business _____________.
Jargon
defines ethical behavior as that which treats people fairly according to guiding rules.
Justice View
__________________ may be defined as the act of influencing others to work toward a goal.
Leadership
the ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals
Leadership
_____________________ refers to a broadly stated definition of the organization's basic business scope and operations that distinguishes it from similar types of organizations.
Mission Statement
The meaning that the receiver assigns may not be the meaning that the sender intended, due to factors such as _______________.
Noise
_________________ are unique and important and require conscious thinking, information gathering, and careful consideration of alternatives.
Nonprogrammed decisions
defined as the framework in which the organization defined how tasks are divided, resources are deployed, and departments are coordinated.
Organization Structure
refers to the deployment of organizational resources to achieve strategic goals.
Organizing
> show concern for follower feelings > treat followers with respect > demonstrate their concern in their actions and decisions
People-oriented Leadership
the act of determining the organization's goals and the means for achieving them.
Planning
refers to becoming all you are capable of becoming, manifesting itself by acquiring new skills, taking on new challenges and behaving in a way that will lead to the satisfaction of one's life goals.
Self-actualization
> primary mission: to develop followers and help them reach their goals > put their followers first, understand their personal needs and desires, empower them, and help them develop in their careers
Servant leadership
A ______________ is a temporary team which is asked to address a specific issue or problem until it is resolved.
Task Force
> Interest: increasing the performance of the group > encourage employees to get things done > structure the roles of subordinates with instructions
Task-oriented leadership
A _______________ is a particular type of group; a cohesive coalition of people working together to achieve mutual goals.
Team
> high task, high relationship > leads by positive example > foster a team environment > encourage the team to reach team goals as effectively as possible, while also working tirelessly to strengthen the bonds among the various members.
Team Leader
Give an example of social loafing.
Team exercise
gives all employees the responsibility for achieving quality goals.
Total quality management
ensure that employees demonstrate the right behaviors because the leader provides resources in exchange
Transactional leaders
> focus on results > value order and structure.
Transactional leadership
distinguished by his/her ability to bring about organizational change.
Transformational leader
> transform or motivate followers to go beyond their own self-interests for the good of their group. > understand how to form them into integral units that work well with others.
Transformational leadership
Groups tend to suffer from symptoms of groupthink
True
Jargon can be an obstacle to effective communication.
True
Rational decision-making model describes the series of steps that decision makers should consider if their goal is to maximize their outcomes
True
Selective perception is the filtering of information to suit our own needs.
True
There is a connection between some personality traits and charisma
True
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in employment.
True
Virtual teams are formed to take advantage of distributed expertise or time
True
When leaders are task-oriented, productivity tends to be a bit higher.
True
refers to a moral principle that asserts that morally correct actions are those that provide the greatest volume of benefits over harms for the majority of people.
Utalitarian Approach
________________ communication in business may take place over the phone, in person, or via video conferencing.
Verbal
_______________ teams are where members are not located in the same physical place.
Virtual
In the intuitive decision making model, experts making decisions scan the environment for cues to recognize patterns. Once a pattern is recognized, they can plan a potential course of action based on what?
based on their prior experience.
In the ______________________________, individuals knowingly limit their options and choose the best alternative without conducting an exhaustive search for alternatives
bounded rationality model
Being curious, original, intellectual, creative and open to new ideas describes the Big Five Trait of: a. Organization b. Conscientiousness c. Openness d. Agreeableness
c. Openness
Leadership behavior that inspires confidence, commitment, and admiration toward the leader is called ______________.
charisma
A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior is__________________________.
communication
Being organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented and dependable describes the Big Five Trait of ______________.
conscientiousness
Which of the following is not highly correlated with leadership ability? a. Intelligence b. Self esteem c. Integrity d. Skill and ability
d. Skill and ability
The automated response is called the ________________.
decision rule
The receiver _____________________________ a message by assigning meaning to the words.
decodes
According to the ______________ theory, individuals are motivated by a sense of fairness in their interactions.
equity
Verbal communications are a better way to convey _________
feelings
Leaders who hold a position of authority and may utilize the power that comes from their position, as well as their personal power to influence others, is/are called _______________.
formal leader
A collection of individuals who interact with each other such that one person's actions have an impact on the others is a ______________
group
A group pressure phenomenon that increases the risk of the group making flawed decisions by allowing reductions in mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment is called ________________.
groupthink
Maslow's theory is based on a simple premise: human beings have needs that are _______________ ranked.
hierarchically
A few people in the company who get together to play tennis on the weekend would be considered an ____________ group.
informal group.
Leaders without a formal position of authority with the organization but who demonstrate leadership by influencing others through personal forms of power is/are called _________________
informal leaders
Leaders without a formal position of authority with the organization but who demonstrate leadership by influencing others through personal forms of power is/are called _________________.
informal leaders
Use the _____________ decision-making model when you have experience with the problem.
intuitive
The model that refers to arriving at decisions without conscious reasoning is called ___________________.
intuitive decision making model
Group decision making draws from the experiences and perspectives of a ___________ number of individuals.
large
The meaning that the receiver assigns may not be the meaning that the sender intended, due to factors such as _______________.
noise
The most basic of Maslow's needs are _______________ needs.
physiological
Decisions that occur frequently enough that we develop an automated response to them are termed ________________.
programmed decisions
The concern from danger, pain, or an uncertain future is the need for ____________.
safety
The personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our own needs is called ____________.
selective perception
_______________ needs may be satisfied by providing development and growth opportunities on or off the job, as well as by assigning interesting and challenging work.
self-actualization
The tendency of individuals to put forth less effort while working in a group context is called _______________.
social loafing
What is jargon?
specialized terms used by a group or profession.
Written communication provide a ____________ and ______________ record.
tangible, verifiable
When leaders are ______________, productivity tends to be higher.
task-oriented
Formal leaders utilize the power that comes from _______________.
their position
The counterpart to the transactional leadership approach, in which the leader focuses on getting employees to achieve organizational goals is called ___________________.
transformational
In contrast to verbal communications, _________________ business communications are printed messages.
written