Management Practice Exam 1

______is based on a simple premise: Rightly or wrongly, people infer causes for their own and others' behavior.

Attribution theory

________ are suspected or inferred causes of behavior.

Causal attributions

Jane hates the idea of child labor. She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children. However, news reports accuse the company of employing young children overseas. ______ is the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news.

Cognitive dissonance

The components of engagement are urgency, being focused, intensity, and job satisfaction.

FALSE

_____________ results when an individual gains satisfaction and self-praise from an assignment.

Intrinsic motivation

Marcy left a large Fortune 500 company to go to a small start-up technology firm. Earlier in her career, Marcy wanted a high salary and corporate position, but now she wants something different. She wants to be part of something that will grow and she enjoys the flexibility a small firm offers.In addition, she is involved in decision making, so she almost feels like it's her own company. These differing needs represent steps in

Maslow's need hierarchy .

__________ states that motivation is a function of five basic needs that are met sequentially.

Maslow's need hierarchy theory

Which of the following is not a technique by which managers can reduce the effect of implicit cognition in hiring?

Rely on stereotypes.

ABC Company recently held a company picnic. _________ theory would suggest that this kind of event is good because it increases employees' ________.

Self-determination; relatedness

Chris has studied for his mathematics test and his English test. He expects to do moderately well in both subjects. He gets an "A" in English, but fails mathematics. While Chris feels that the grade he got for English was well-deserved, he blames his failure in mathematics on the fact that his teacher, Mr. Wallace, does not like him. In this situation, Chris is exhibiting

a self-serving bias.

Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors _____________; attitudes relate to behavior __________.

across all situations; toward specific targets

The president of American Systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to San Francisco. Some employees like the idea and some don't.According to the _________ component of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees.

affective

Manuel wanted friendly and close interpersonal relationships with his colleagues. According to McClelland's need theory, this desire is known as a need for

affiliation

Petra made a large mistake on a report she submitted to her boss, and it ended up costing the company a significant amount of money. When asked why this had occurred, she blamed one of her coworkers for giving her erroneous information for the report. Petra is expressing

an external locus of control.

The head of ABC Company announces that the company is going to start a weekend project teaching self-defense techniques to underprivileged kids in the neighborhood. Thomas decides to register for the project, as he is a trained kick boxer. This action of Thomas reflects the __________ component of his attitude.

behavioral

The steps in the process of stereotype formation and maintenance in order are

categorization, inferences, expectations, maintenance.

_________ is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.

cognitive dissonance

Ethan observes that his subordinate, Nate, is performing and acting like the other members of the unit. He is observing

consensus

Camilla, a manager, notes that Wilhelm's written reports from his hire date to the presentare very thorough and accurate. Camilla is looking at

consistency

The two general categories of motivation theories are

content and process

In some cases,coworkers or friends remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied. This is a reflection of the _____ model.

dispositional/genetic

Which of the following is not one of the basic dimensions of the Big Five personality dimensions?

emotional intelligence

Owen leads a team tasked with developing a client tracking system. He is nervous and worried, afraid that if this assignment doesn't go well, he won't be promoted. Jack, a team member, is relaxed, unworried, and secure in the feeling that they have all the necessary resources and talents to make this work. Jack is likely to score high on

emotional stability.

Luis has just learned that Brian, who has less experience and who does less work, receives a higher salary. Since learning this, Luis has been very unhappy and has started to look for another job. What model of job satisfaction best explains Luis's reactions?

equity

The idea underlying the __________ model is that satisfaction is tied to how fairly an individual is treated at work.

equity

The need for prestige and reputation is part of the need for

esteem

People who are outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive are likely to score high on

extraversion.

If Otto views a situation as having low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency, he is likely to make an attribution of

internal causes

OB (Organizational Behavior) is important in all facets of school and work because

it helps us to understand and manage people.

Mason is highly satisfied with his job. He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees. Mason exhibits positive job performance and

organizational citizenship behaviors.

As the mother of two small children, Jen struggles to make ends meet on her minimum-wage job. After paying rent and child care expenses, there is sometimes not enough money left at the end of the month to pay the heating bill. More than once the family has gone without warmth on cold nights, and she and the kids have gone to bed hungry. Which of the five basic needs is Jen struggling to meet?

physiological

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except

proactivity

Claire works for Content Consultants. She telecommutes and has great flexibility in her work schedule. In return, Content Consultants expects to have satisfied clients who hire them again.Claire receives consistently high evaluations.Despite that, the company now wants her to work out of the main office. Claire feels that Content Consultants has breached a(n)

psychological contract.

External factors include all of the following except

putting forth effort.

Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor?

recognition

Sandra has a new assignment. She is confident that she can successfully complete the task. This is an example of

self-efficacy

"Women have a harder time than men in being perceived as effective leaders." This statementis a(n)

stereotype

The idea of perceived organizational support is that if treated well, employees are motivated by

the norm of reciprocity.

Johan believes that saving the earth is our most important responsibility. He will be strongly committed to an employer who issues hybrid cars to all sales people, emphasizes recycling, and supports volunteerism to clean up the local river.

true

The basic idea of Perceived Organizational Support is that people are willing to work hard and commit to their organizations when they believe that the organization truly cares about their best interests.

true