Management test 2
symbols
-common understanding of culture -easy to recognize
coaching
working with a manager to develop personal and business competencies in a holistic manner an experienced person offers performance advice to a less-experienced person *can be formal or informal*
reverse mentoring
younger employees mentor top seniors (i.e. teaching social media) allows younger employees to have buy-in and contribution
The basic purpose of a starting skunkwork is to
(a) add more bureaucratic structure to the innovation process (b) provide special space for people to work together and achieve innovation (c) make sure that any innovation occurs according to preset plans (d) give people free time i their job stop be personally creative (b)
Movie downloads by subscription (Netflix) and advertising revenues fro Internet searches (Google) are examples of blank innovations
(a) business model (b) social (c) product (d) process (a)
The Kindle e-reader by Amazon and the iPad by Apple are examples of blank innovations
(a) business model (b)social (c)product (d) process (c)
A manager using a force-coercion strategy is most likely relying on the power of blank to bring about planned change
(a) expertise (b) reference (c) legitimacy (d) information (c)
Blank change results in a major change of direction for an organization, whereas blank change makes small adjustments to current ways of doing things
(a) frame breaking radical (b) frame bending incremental (c) transformational; frame breaking (d) transformational; incremental (d)
The responses most likely to be associated with use of a force-coercion change strategy are best described as
(a) internalized commitment (b) temporary compliance (c) passive cooptation (d) active resistance (b)
The most participative of the planned change strategies is
(a) negotiation and agreement (b) rational persuasion (c) shared power (d) education and communication (c)
stories told about an organizations past accomplishments and heroes such as company founders are all part of what is call the
(a) observable (b)underground (c)functional (d) core (a)
Green innovation is most associated with the concept of
(a) observable culture (b) core culture c) sustainability (d) skunkworks (c)
When a change leader tries to deal with resistance by trying to covertly influence others, offering only selective information and or structuring events in favor of the desired change, this is an example of
(a) rational persuasion (b) manipulation and cooptation (c) negotiation (d) facilitation (b)
planned and spontaneous ceremonies and celebrations of work achievements illustrate how the use of blank helps build strong corporate cultures
(a) rewards (b) structures (c) rites and rituals (d) core values (c)
Honesty, social responsibility, and customer service are examples of blank that can become foundations for an organizations core culture
(a) rites and rituals (b) values (c) subsystems (d) ideas (b)
The innovation process isn't really successful in an organization until a new idea is
(a) tested as a prototype (b) proven to be financially feasible (c) put into practice (d) discovered or invented (c)
An organization with a strong culture is most likely to have a
(a) tight, bureaucratic structure (b) loose,flexible design (c) small staff size (d) clearly communicated mission (d)
Product innovations create new goods or services for customers, whereas blank innovations create new ways of doing things in the organization
(a)content (b)process (c) quality (d) task (b)
google & retention
-drives employees to work in free bus shuttle - free food - pool table, gym, massages, laundry, volleyball, daycare, ALL FREE - company listens to workers ideas - up to individual to determine how to get work done
HRM sees people as either (2)
1. A cost to reduce 2. An asset to develop <= more effective way of looking
Attracting a quality work force steps
1. assess need and define job 2. recruit strategy and implementation 3. candidate selection and offer process
3 responsibilities of HRM
1. attracting a quality workforce - employee recruitment and selection 2. developing quality workforce - employee orientation/socialization/on-boarding, training, coaching/mentoring development, and performance management 3. maintaining/keeping a quality workforce - career development, work-life balance, compensation and benefits, retention & turnover, and labor-management relations
Keeping/Maintaining a workforce 3 steps
1. compensation and benefits in line w/ market 2. clear career path identified 3. work-life balance focus
two-fold purpose of performance appraisal
1. measures and documents work performance 2. use of a developmental tool to enhance work performance FEEDBACK: balanced and specific
Developing talent 4 steps
1. orientation/socialization 2. training and experiences 3. coaching/mentoring 4. performance management
the 2 factors for recruiting
1. personal - company knows you and likes you 2. technical - skills you have
how much US spent on training
171.5 billion average/employee: $1128 average/hours: 32 hours per employee
temp agency
3-9 month period of working on a project and if the company likes you, they'll hire you full time
Company recruitment pie chart
35% is external 65% is internal and referral <= companies hire people that they know or are recommended to hire
The functional chimneys problem occurs when people in different functions _______. A. Fail to communicate with one another B. Try to help each other work with customers C. Spend to much time coordinating decisions D. Focus on products rather than functions.
A. Fail to communicate with one another
An organization hart showing Vice Presidents of marketing, finance, manufacturing, and purchasing all reporting to the president is depicting a _______ structure. A. Functional B. Matrix C. Network D. Product
A. Functional
______ is the system of tasks, reporting relationships, and communication that links together the various parts of an organization. A. Structure B. Staff C. Decentralization D. Differentiation
A. Structure
The main purpose of organizing as a management function is to __________. A. Make sure that results match plans B. Arrange people and resources to accomplish work C. Create enthusiasm for the work to be done D. Match strageties with operational plans
B. Arrange people and resources to accomplish work
Rumors and resistance to change are potential disadvantages often associated with _________ A. Virtual organization B. Informal structure C. Delegation D. Specialized staff
B. Informal structures
The "two-boss" system of reporting relationships is found in the _______ structure A. Functional B. Matrix C. Network D. Product
B. Matric
Better lower-level teamwork and more top-leaves strategic management are among the expected advantages of a ______ structure. A. Divisional B. Matrix C. Geographic D. Product
B. Matrix
He bureaucratic organization described by Max Weber is similar to the _______ organization described by Burns and Stalker. A. Adaptive B. Mechanistic C. Organic D. Adhocracy
B. Mechanistic
"Tall" organizations tend to have long chains of command and ______ spans of control. A. Wide B. Narrow C. Informal D. Centralized
B. Narrow
An organization that employs just a few "core" or essential full-time employees and outsources a lot of the remaining work show signs of using a ________ structure . A. Functional B. Network C. Matrix D. Mechanistic
B. Network
The current trend on the use of staff in organizations is to _________. A. Give staff personnel more authority over operations B. Reduce the number of staff personnel C. Remove all staff from the organization D. Combine all staff functions in one department
B. Reduce the number of staff personnel
A student volunteers to gather information on a company for a group case analysis project. The other members of the group agree and tell her to go ahead and choose the information sources. In terms of delegation, this group is giving the student _______ to fulfill the agreed- upon task. A. Responsibility B. Accountability C. Authority D. Decentralization
C. Authority
A manufacturing business with a functional structure has recently developed three new product lines. The president of the company might consider shifting to a ________ structure to gain a stronger focus on each product A. Virtual B. Informal C.divisional D. Network
C. Divisionsl
Which type of organization designs best fits an uncertain and changing environment? A. Mechanistic B. Bureaucratic C.organic D. Traditional
C. Organic
Career Development 3 subcategories
Career planning: matching individual career goals, capabilities to opportunity Career development: managing how a person progresses in a career (i.e. succession planning) Career path: providing structure, flexibility, and direction or a person to achieve greater work responsibility
_____ structure tries to combine the best elements of the functional and divisional forms A. Virtual B. Boundary less C. Team D. Matriz
D. Matrix
Big Three
Managers must: Develop culture Encourage Innovation Manage Change
Four elements of corporation and culture
Shapes attitudes reinforces beliefs directs behavior set expectations
Organizational protocols Supporting innovation
Strategy: include information structure: supports innovation culture: values innovation staffing: creativity innovation management: supports innovation (part of performance review)
Status Quo Holders
Threatened by change bothered by uncertainty prefer predictability support status quo wait for things to happen
SHRM
What's next? Looking at people as assets that make us competitive, develop our skills DEVELOP PEOPLE IS BEST WAY TO ADAPT TO CHANGE B/C PEOPLE DRIVE CHANGE
process of recruitment
a resume passes first screening employers conduct interview by telephone, video chat, or in person
When you buy music downloads online, the firm selling them to your is engaging in which type of e-business strategy? a. B2C b. B2B c. infomediary d. crowdsourcing
a. B2C
_____ are special strengths that an organization has or does exceptionally well and that help it outperform competitors. a. Core competencies b. Strategies c. Alliances d. Operating objectives
a. Core competencies
Which is the question to ask when starting the strategic management process? a. What is our mission? b. How well are we currently doing? c. How can we get where we want to be? d. Why aren't we doing better
a. What is our mission?
Trend in U.S. small businesses show ______. a. a growing number owned by minorities b. fewer small businesses using the internet c. large businesses creating more jobs d. fewer small businesses family owned
a. a growing number owned by minorities
When one team member advises another team member that "your behavior is crossing the line in terms of our expectations for workplace civility," she is exercising a form of ____ control over the other's inappropriate behaviors a. clan b. market c. internal d. preliminary
a. clan
In CPM/PERT, "CPM" stand for _____. a. critical path method b. control planning management c. control plan map d. current planning matrix
a. critical path method
In _____ financing, the business owner borrows money as a loan that must be repaid. a. debt b. equity c. partnership d. limited
a. debt
If Google's top management were to announce that the firm was going to buy Federal Express, this would indicate a growth strategy of _____. a. diversification b. concentration c. horizontal integration d. vertical integration
a. diversification
A pressing problem faced by a small business in the birth or start-up stage is _____. a. gaining acceptance in the marketplace b. finding partners for expansion c. preparing the initial public offering d. getting management professional skills
a. gaining acceptance in the marketplace
An entrepreneur who strives on uncertainty displays _____. a. high tolerance for ambiguity b. internal locus of control c. need for achievement d. action orientated
a. high tolerance for ambiguity
The benefits of planning should include ____. a. improved focus b. less need for controlling c. more accurate forecasts d. increased business profits
a. improved focus
When a soccer coach tells her players at the end of a losing games, "You did good in staying the game plan," she is using a/an ____ as a measure of performance. a. input standard b. output standard c. historical comparison d. relative comparison
a. input standard
In a hierarchy of objectives, plans at lower levels are supposed to act as _____ for accomplishing higher-level plans. a. means b. ends c. scenarios d. benchmarks
a. means
After objectives and standards are set, what step comes next in the control process? a. measure results b. take corrective action c. compare results with objectives d. modify standards to fit circumstances
a. measure results
A manager is not living up to the concept of MBO if he or she _____. a. sets performance objectives for subordinates b. stays in touch and tries to support subordinates in their work c. jointly reviews performance results with subordinates d. keeps a written record of subordinates' performance objectives
a. sets performance objectives for subordinates
A common reason new small businesses often fail is ____. a. the owner lack experience and business skills b. there is too much government regulation c. the owner tightly controls money and finances d. the business grows too slowly
a. the owner lack experience and business skills
When a manager is asked to justify a new budget proposal on the basis of projected activities rather than as an incremental adjustment to the prior years budget, this is an example of _____. a. zero based budgeting b. strategic planning c. operational planning d. contingency planning
a. zero based budgeting
orientation
activities that familiarize new employees w/ jobs, co-workers, and organizational policies, etc.
gain sharing
allows employees to share in savings or gains when their efforts result in measurable cost reductions or productivity increases
flexible work arrangement
allows hours to be flexible and work schedules to respect work-life balance (i.e. 9-9 program)
merit pay
awards pay increases in proportion to performance contributions "pay for performance" encourages everyone to work harder in future
Almost __% of U.S. businesses meet the definition of a small business. a. 40 b. 99 c. 75 d. 81
b. 99
_____ take ownership shares in a new venture in return for start-up funds. a. Business incubators b. Angel investors c. SBDCs d. Intrapreneurs
b. Angel investors
The best goals or objectives for planning purposes would have which of the following characteristics? a. Easy enough so that no one fails to reach them b. Realistic and possible to achieve, while still challenging c. Open ended, with no clear end point identified d. No set timetable or due dates
b. Realistic and possible to achieve, while still challenging
In a CPM/PERT analysis, the focus is on ____ and the event ____ that link them together with the finished product. a. costs; budgets b. activities; sequences c. timetables; budgets d. goals; costs
b. activities; sequences
General Electric is a complex conglomerate that owns many firms operating in very different industries. The strategies pursued for each of these units within GE would best be called ____ -level strategies. a. corporate b. business c. functional d. transnational
b. business
A ____ in the BCG Matrix would have a high market share in a low-growth market. a. dog b. cash cow c. question mark d. star
b. cash cow
The ability of a firm to consistently outperform its rivals is called ____. a. vertical integration b. competitive advantage c. strategic intent d. core competency
b. competitive advantage
A total quality management program is most likely to be associated with _____. a. EOQ b. continuous improvement c. return on equity d. breakeven analysis
b. continuous improvement
The first step in the planning process is to _____. a. decide how to get where you want to go b. define your objectives c. identify possible future conditions or scenarios d. act quickly to take advantage of opportunities
b. define your objectives
A venture capitalist that receives an ownership share in return for investing in a new business is providing _____ financing. a. debt b. equity c. limited d. corporate
b. equity
Management by exception means _____. a. managing only when necessary b. focusing attention where the need for action is greatest c. the ams thing as concurrent control d. the same thing as just-in-time-delivery
b. focusing attention where the need for action is greatest
When managers use benchmarking in the planning process, they usually try to ____. a. set up flexible budgets b. identify best practices used by others c. find the most accurate forecasts available d. use expert staff planners to set objectives
b. identify best practices used by others
In order to help implement her firms's strategic plans, the CEO of a business firm would most likely want marketing, manufacturing, and finance executives to develop _____. a. means-end chains b. operational plans c. flexible budgets d. project management
b. operational plans
If an organization's top management establishes a target of increasing new hires of minority and female candidates by 15% in the next six months, this is an example of a/an ____ standard for control purposes. a. input b. output c. management by exception d. concurrent
b. output
The two questions asked by Porter to identify the correct competitive strategy for a business or product line are : 1- What is the market scope? 2- What is the ____? a. market share b. source of competitive advantage c. core competency d. industry attractiveness
b. source of competitive advantage
Which is an example of a cooperative strategy? a. retrenchment b. strategic alliance c. bankruptcy d. vertical integration
b. strategic alliance
A small business owed who wants to pass the business to other family members after retirement or death should prepare a ____ plan. a. retirement b. succession c. partnership d. liquidation
b. succession
From a time management perspective, which manager is like to be in best control of his or her time? One who _____. a. tries to never say "no" to requests from others b. works on the most important things first c. immediately responds to instant messages d. always has " an open office door"
b. works on the most important things first
work-life balance
balancing career demands w/ personal and family needs improves when we have flexibility in scheduling work hours, work locations, and vacation and personal time off, telecom, etc. a good work-life balance results in greater job satisfaction for individual BUT too much flexibility disrupts schedules and causes a loss of important face-to-face work time
graphic rating scale
basic performance review methods that uses a checklist of traits or characteristics to evaluate performance a scoreboard/checklist like work quality, attendance, punctuality they are questionable... in terms of reliability and validity
The ____ chart graphically displays the scheduling of tasks required to complete the project a. exception b. Taylor c. Gantt d. after-action
c. Gantt
____ is a personality characteristic common among entrepreneurs. a. External locus of control b. Inflexibility c. Self-confindence d. Low self-reliance
c. Self-confindence
The first element in a good business plan is _____. a. an industry analysis b. a marketing strategy c. an executive summary d. a set of performance milestones
c. an executive summary
When MBO is done right, who does the review of team member's performance accomplishments? a. the team member b. the team leader c. both the team member and team leader d. the team leader, the team member, and a lawyer
c. both the team member and team leader
When a supervisor working alongside of an employee corrects him or her when a mistake is made, this is an example of ____ control. a. feedforward b. external c. concurrent d. preliminary
c. concurrent
The alliances that link together firms in supply chain management relationships are examples of how business try to use ____ strategies. a. B2C b. growth c. cooperation d. concentration
c. cooperation
Porter's model of competitive strategies suggests a firm that wants to compete with its rivals in a broad market by selling a very-low price product would need to successfully implement a ____ strategy. a. retrenchment b. differentiation c. cost leadership d. diversification
c. cost leadership
Among the financial ratios often used for control purposes, Current Assets/Current liabilities is known as the _____. a. debt ratio b. net margin c. current ratio d. inventory turnover ratio
c. current ratio
In addition to providing better focus, good planning offers the benefits of _____. a. guaranteed performance success b. eliminating the need to change c. improved action orientation d. less emphasis on coordination and control
c. improved action orientation
If you start a small business and want to avoid losing any more than the original investment, what form of ownership is best? a. sole proprietorship b. general partnership c. limited partnership d. corporation
c. limited partnership
In Porter's five forces model, which of the following conditions is most favorable from the standpoint of industry attractiveness? a. many competitive rivals b. many substitute products c. low bargaining power of suppliers d. few barriers to entry
c. low bargaining power of suppliers
The planning process isn't complete until _____. a. future conditions have been identified b. stretch goals have been set c. plans are implemented and results evaluated d. budgets commit resources to plans
c. plans are implemented and results evaluated
A "no smoking" rule and a sexual harassment policy are examples of ____ that are types of ____. a. long range plans; policies b. single use plans; means end chains c. policies; standing use plans d. operational plans; short range plans
c. policies; standing use plans
An organization that is downsizing by cutting staff to reduce costs can be described as pursuing a ____ strategy. a. liquidation b. divestiture c. retrenchment d. stability
c. retrenchment
work sampling
candidates work on actual job tasks while observers grade performance
career development & trend
career development - process of managing how a person grows and progresses from one point in a career to the next i.e Proctor and Gamble HR office builds career tracks to match individual goals w/ company needs b/c people change jobs frequently and work as independent contractors and freelancers, career development is more of a personal responsibility - we have to be diligent in career planning - matching career goals and individual capabilities w/ opportunities for their fulfillment
selection
choosing to hire applicants who offer greatest performance potential from a pool of qualified applicants involves in-depth interviewing, technical testing, personality testing, assessment of a task, background checks, etc.
societal culture examples: functional
club religious style urban/rural
multiperson comparison
compares one person's performance with that of others; avoids tendency to rate everyone the same tank-ordering people form top to bottom in order of performance achievement paired comparison: first evaluate each person against every other and create a summary ranking based on number of superior scores forced distribution: places each person into a frequency distribution w/ fixed performance classifications like top 10%, next 40%, etc.
Rites and Rituals
creates connections builds morale shared hands on experiences
Heroes
cultural benefits: shared knowledge of hero stories -establish or represent core values employers customers leaders 6 People? company?
Zappos and culture
culture is a mindset
_____ makes social entrepreneurship unique. a. Lack of other career options b. Focus on international markets c. Refusal to finance by loans d. Commitment to solving social problems
d. Commitment to solving social problems
_____ planning identifies alternative courses of action that can be taken if problems occur with the original plan. a. Benchmark b. Participatory c. Staff d. Contingency
d. Contingency
A good performance objective is written in such a way that it _____. a. has a flexible timetable b. is general and not too specific c. is impossible to accomplish d. can be easily measured
d. can be easily measured
A _____ protects small business owners from personal liabilities or losses. a. sole proprietorship b. franchise c. limited partnership d. corporation
d. corporation
When Coke and Pepsi spend millions on ads trying to convince customers that their products are unique, they are pursuing a ____ strategy. a. transnational b. concentration c. diversification d. differentiation
d. differentiation
When an automobile manufacturer is careful to purchase only the highest-quality components for use in production, this is an example of an attempt to ensure high performance through ____ control. a. concurrent b. statistical c. inventory d. feedforward
d. feedforward
When a new business is quick to capture a market niche before competitors, this is ____. a. intrapreneurship b. an initial public offering c. succession planning d. first-mover advantage
d. first-mover advantage
One of the expected benefits of participatory planing is ____. a. faster planning b. less need for forecasting c. greater attention to contingencies d. more commitment to implementation
d. more commitment to implementation
Among the global strategies that international business might pursue, the ____ strategy most directly tries to tailor products to fit local needs and cultures in different countries. a. concentration b. globalization c. transnational d. multidomestic
d. multidomestic
A marketing plan in a business firm would most likely deal with _____. a. production methods and technologies b. money and capital investments c. facilities and workforce recruiting d. sales and production distribution
d. sales and production distribution
Planning is best described as the process of ______ and _____. a. developing premises about the future; evaluating them b. measuring results; taking corrective action c. measuring past performance; targeting future performance d.setting objectives; deciding how to accomplish them
d.setting objectives; deciding how to accomplish them
profit sharing
distributes to employees a proportion of net profits earned by the organization
stories
easily remembered and passed on instills deeper cultural understanding
human capital
economic value of people w/ job-relevant abilities, knowledge, ideas, energies, skills, and commitment
innovation
example: 3D printing, star Trek replicator, function monetize function, less excited about consequences
employee value proposition
exchange of value between what the individual and the employer offer in the employment relationship what the org. offers employee in return for his/her work value offered by individual: effort, loyalty, creativity,s kills value offered by org: pay, benefits, personal development, flexible schedules each party much believe exchange of values is fair... any imbalance will cause problems
person-job fit
extend to which an individual's skills, interests, and personal characteristics match well w/ requirements of the job
labor contract
formal agreement between union and employer about terms of work for union members; specify rights and obligations of employees and management w/ respect to wages, work hours, rules, seniority, hiring, etc.
societal culture examples: academic
geographic ethnic politcal fitness style
stock options
give right to purchase shares at a fixed price at a future date employees holding options gain financially when stock price rises above original option price; they lose when it moves lower
employee assistance programs
help employees cope with personal stresses and problems, i.e. stress, alcohol counseling, substance abuse, domestic violence, sexual assault, marital difficulties, etc.
family friendly benefits
help employees with workalike balance including child care, elder care, flexible schedule, and parental leave
independent contractor
hired on temporary contracts anod not part of organization's permanent workforce
Nick D'Alosio
innovator, sold app 2013 to Yahoo Summly App and commercialization
What managers can do to piss off unions
lockout - refuse to let employees come to work strike breakers - hire nonunion workers called "SCABS" to do striker jobs injunction - get a court order requiring strikers come back to work
assessment center
managers examines how job candidates handle simulated work situations and solve problems
person-organization fit (cultural fit)
match of individual values, attitudes, and behavior w/ organizational culture
strategic HRM
mobilizes/alighns human capital to implement organizational strategies
behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)
more advanced performance review method uses specific descriptions of actual positive and negative job behaviors to rate various levels of performance reliable and valid
fringe benefits
non monetary forms of compensation like health insurance and retirement plans cost a shit ton for employers employers are shifting control of health care towards employees and by restricting options in choosing health care providers... or offering wellness programs and encouraging healthy lifestyles... or hiring part timers
labor union
organization that deals with employers on the workers' collective behalf a voice for members overall decline in the US... and less in private sector than public sector
two-tier wage system
pay new hires less than workers already doing the same jobs w/ more seniority not the preference of union negotiators. but management says it keeps firm profitable and retains jobs in US that would otherwise be lost to outsourcing i.e. automakers
critical incident technique
performance review method that keeps log of someone's effective and ineffective job behaviors
picket
post and carry signs complaining about employers' treatment of workers
six sigma
process improvement
mentoring
process of assigning an early career employee to a senior manager for career guidance allows new worker to get guidance, advice on skills, tips for career progress, etc. *used to be largely INFORMAL, but can be formal or informal*
human resource management
process of attracting, developing, and maintaining/keeping a high-quality workforce *the building and maintaining of a quality workforce* ensure org. is always staffed w/ best people so all jobs get done in best way
performance review / performance appraisal
process of formally evaluating performance and providing feedback to a jobholder 1) documents and measures performance for record 2) initiates process of development that can improve performance in future
collective bargaining
process of negotiating, administering, and interpreting a labor contract both parties exchange demands, proposals, etc. until a contract is reached or dispute resolved some last years, some never finish, some just don't work
socialization
process of new workers learning behavior, attitudes, expectations of an organization and its organizational culture
flexible benefits
programs that allow choice to personalize benefits within a set dollar allowance
contingency worker pro and cons
pros for firm: easy to lay off, no retirement plan funded by company, no health insurance, 0 sick days and vacation cons for worker: paid less, stress, lack of access to benefits
bonus pay
provide one time payments based on performance accomplishments (lump sum payments for specific performance targets or extraordinary contributions)
realistic job preview
provides job candidates w/ all pertinent info about a job and organization good and bad points of org. before you make decision to take the offer
Terracycle, Tom Szaky
reuse, recycling sustainable innovation
boycott
refuse to buy employer's products or services and ask others to do the same
strike
refuse to come to work
360 feedback
reviews not just completed by one's immediate boss or team leader superiors, subordinates, peers, and internal and external customers are involved in the review of a jobholder's performance can even be online now
employee privacy
right to privacy on and off job difficult these days b/c of social media
reliability
selection device gives consistent results over repeated measures (i.e. fair employment test)
recruitment
set of activities designed to attract a qualified pool of job applicants often rely on Web for job openings (monster com, career builder.com, social media, etc.)
Culture
system of shared beliefs/values (internal) set of signals of what is considered appropriate vs inappropriate (external)
validity
test score is good predictor of future job performance, by testing a core job value needed, w/ high score associated w/ high job performance
BIG HRM issue
the amount of in training and 25-54 aged people have been decreasing, while 55+ have been increasing in the work force b/c of longer life spans and the baby boomer population
change
transformational and incremental To make the form, nature, content, future course etc. of (something) different from what it is or from what it would be if left alone
core cultures
values or beliefs about right ways to behave
Edgar Schein's iceberg corporate culture levels
visible culture invisible, expressed values
golden handcuff
when companies restrict the stock options os that they come due only after designated periods of employment meant to tie high performers to the employer
contingency workers
work as needed and part-time, often on a longer-term basis easy to hire and fire to control costs and respond to cyclical demand the trend is heading towards these kinds of workers
