Management Theory and Practices CH 11,12,13,14

25) The acceptable standards or expectations that are shared by a group's members are referred to as ________. A) affiliations B) norms C) criteria D) morals

B) norms

39) The practice of having two or more people split a full-time job is known as ________. A) moonlighting B) job rotation C) job sharing D) temping

C) job sharing

26) Which of the following is a negative aspect of group norms? A) Being part of a group has the ability to increase an individual's antisocial actions. B) The most widespread norms are those related to dress codes. C) Groups become dysfunctional when they maintain strict norms. D) Norms do not influence employees' performance.

A) Being part of a group has the ability to increase an individual's antisocial actions.

7) Which of the following Acts requires continued health coverage following termination of an employee? A) Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act B) Occupational Safety and Health Act C) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act D) Family and Medical Leave Act

A) Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

21) Which of the following is an advantage of a team structure? A) It empowers employees and makes them more involved. B) It establishes a clear line of managerial authority. C) It reduces the pressure on teams to perform. D) It separates different functional groups.

A) It empowers employees and makes them more involved.

13) ________ are a temporary involuntary termination that can last from a few weeks to several years. A) Layoffs B) Attritions C) Transfers D) Retirements

A) Layoffs

5) Which of the following Acts prohibits discrimination on the basis of physical or mental disabilities? A) Vocational Rehabilitation Act B) Civil Rights Act, Title VII C) Equal Pay Act D) Occupational Safety and Health Act

A) Vocational Rehabilitation Act

15) Application forms ________. A) are most useful for gathering information B) include personality and interest forms C) use actual job behaviors D) do not predict job performance

A) are most useful for gathering information

29) In order to succeed in today's world, organizations need to ________. A) be more flexible in how work get done B) pace themselves when it comes to innovation C) strictly follow the top-down decision-making approach D) adopt narrowly-defined functional arrangements

A) be more flexible in how work get done

35) In which of the following conflict resolution techniques are conflicts resolved by seeking an advantageous solution for all the parties involved? A) collaborating B) compromising C) forcing D) accommodating

A) collaborating

37) An organization brings together members from various departments such as marketing, accounting, human resources, and finance to form a team. This is an example of a ________ team. A) cross-functional B) temporary C) specific D) functional

A) cross-functional

37) A compressed workweek is one wherein ________. A) employees work longer hours per day but fewer days per week B) employees work the same number of hours per week but do more work C) employees work fewer days per week but also do lesser work D) employees work for a lesser number of hours per day in the week

A) employees work longer hours per day but fewer days per week

28) A ________ organization is an organization that has developed the capacity to continuously acquire knowledge, adapt, and change. A) learning B) mechanistic C) programmed D) functional

A) learning

23) A dual chain of command is the key characteristic of the ________ structure. A) matrix B) project C) team D) virtual

A) matrix

12) A(n) ________ organization is highly adaptive, loose, and flexible. A) organic B) centralized C) vertical D) mechanistic

A) organic

16) Worldwide economic downturn, global competition, accelerated product innovation by competitors, and increased demands from customers for high quality and faster deliveries encourage organizations to become more ________. A) organic B) mechanistic C) centralized D) formalized

A) organic

24) Behavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a social unit is called a ________. A) role B) status C) profile D) persona

A) role

17) A company with low departmentalization, wide spans of control, centralized authority, and little formalization possesses a ________ structure. A) simple B) functional C) divisional D) matrix

A) simple

31) Individuals have the tendency to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. Which of the following concepts relates most closely to this behavior? A) social loafing B) role conflict C) role ambiguity D) groupthink

A) social loafing

14) Large organizations tend to have more ________ than smaller organizations. A) specialization B) departmentalization C) centralization D) rules and regulations

A) specialization

18) As the number of employees in an organization grows, structure tends to become more ________. A) specialized B) informal C) centralized D) relaxed

A) specialized

24) A matrix structure violates which important element of organizational design? A) unity of command B) span of control C) team size D) decentralization

A) unity of command

10) Which of the following factors would require a more decentralized organizational structure? A) when the lower-level managers want a voice in decisions B) when the lower-level managers are not capable of making decisions C) when the decisions to be made are not significant D) when the company is large

A) when the lower-level managers want a voice in decisions

19) The ________ method utilizes feedback from supervisors, employees, and coworkers. A) management by objective B) 360-degree appraisal C) critical incident D) graphic rating scale

B) 360-degree appraisal

40) Which of the following is a benefit of global teams? A) Communication problems are less likely in global teams. B) Global teams usually have a greater diversity of ideas. C) There is a greater trust among team members. D) Stress and tension are uncommon in global teams.

B) Global teams usually have a greater diversity of ideas.

29) In comparison to large groups, small groups ________. A) have shorter group tenure B) are faster at completing tasks C) have longer norming processes D) are better at obtaining diverse input

B) are faster at completing tasks

1) Organizational design is a process that involves decisions about ________. A) work specialization and cost-leadership B) chain of command and span of control C) centralization and differentiation D) departmentalization and diversification

B) chain of command and span of control

11) If human resource planning shows a surplus of employees, management can reduce the organization's workforce through ________. A) recruitment B) decruitment C) increased workweeks D) reduced job sharing

B) decruitment

7) According to the traditional view, managers could not—and should not—directly supervise more than ________ subordinates. A) nineteen or twenty B) five or six C) ten or eleven D) fifteen or sixteen

B) five or six

38) A ________ schedule typically designates certain common core hours when all employees are required to be on the job, but allows starting, ending, and lunch-hour times to vary. A) telecomputing B) flextime C) job sharing D) compressed workweek

B) flextime

5) A disadvantage of ________ departmentalization is poor communication across the different groups. A) geographic B) functional C) process D) customer

B) functional

32) Which of the following will help in making communities of practice successful? A) conducting face-to-face meetings, instead of online meetings B) having clear accountability and managerial oversight C) encouraging members to nurture competing goals D) focusing on simple and routine issues, that can be easily tackled

B) having clear accountability and managerial oversight

2) The first three activities of the human resource management process involves ________. A) providing employees with flexible job assignments B) identifying and selecting competent employees C) providing employees with up-to-date knowledge and skills D) retaining competent and high-performing employees

B) identifying and selecting competent employees

8) People who turned 21 in 2000 or later are known as ________. A) baby boomers B) millennials C) the 13th generation D) Gen Xers

B) millennials

14) Errors made by getting rid of candidates who would have performed successfully on the job are known as ________. A) admission errors B) reject errors C) accept errors D) reception errors

B) reject errors

34) Which of the following types of conflict is most likely to be dysfunctional? A) task conflict B) relationship conflict C) process conflict D) procedural conflict

B) relationship conflict

40) Which of the following is the biggest issue faced by organizations employing widely dispersed, mobile employees who do work anywhere and at any time? A) employee remuneration B) security C) lawsuits D) attrition

B) security

27) Which of the following refers to a prestige grading, position, or rank within a group? A) role B) status C) ownership D) membership

B) status

35) Collaborative relationships between two or more organizations in which they combine their resources and capabilities for some business purpose are known as ________. A) communities of practice B) strategic partnerships C) ad hoc organizations D) organizational task forces

B) strategic partnerships

32) The ________ view of conflict management argues that conflicts must be avoided as it indicates a problem within the group. A) human relations B) traditional C) interactionist D) functional

B) traditional

6) Which one of Fayol's 14 principles of management states that a person should report to only one manager? A) unity of direction B) unity of command C) division of work D) division of authority

B) unity of command

17) The two types of orientations are ________. A) job orientation and procedural orientation B) work unit orientation and organization orientation C) work unit orientation and group orientation D) organization orientation and group orientation

B) work unit orientation and organization orientation

12) ________ as a source of recruitment is limited to entry-level positions. A) The company Web site B) The Internet C) College recruiting D) Professional recruiting organizations

C) College recruiting

19) Which of the following is a strength of simple structures? A) Employees are grouped with others who have similar tasks. B) It focuses on results. C) It is inexpensive to maintain. D) It remains appropriate even as the organization changes as it grows.

C) It is inexpensive to maintain.

6) Which of the following Acts gives employees the legal right to examine personnel files and letters of reference? A) Civil Rights Act, Title VII B) Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act C) Privacy Act D) Equal Pay Act

C) Privacy Act

36) ________ is a work arrangement in which employees work at home and are linked to the workplace by computer. A) Outsourcing B) Coworking C) Telecommuting D) Hot desking

C) Telecommuting

39) Which of the following is a drawback of global teams? A) They generate only a small pool of ideas when faced with problems. B) They do not foster the appreciation of multiple perspectives. C) They are characterized by greater potential for stereotyping. D) They are highly susceptible to groupthink.

C) They are characterized by greater potential for stereotyping.

21) Which of the following is an example of a formal group? A) people who assemble in the company library to read B) a group of employees attending a colleague's wedding C) a functional department in an organization D) a group of employees who meet after work to play basketball

C) a functional department in an organization

31) A task force is also called a(n) ________. A) matrix structure B) community of practice C) ad hoc committee D) strategic partnership

C) ad hoc committee

26) In terms of organizational design, external boundaries refer to the boundaries that separate ________. A) an organization's permanent workforce from its contingent workforce B) an organization's top-management from its middle- and lower-management C) an organization from its customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders D) an organization from its divisions in other countries

C) an organization from its customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders

4) Labor unions use ________ to protect the rights of their members. A) juvenile arbitration B) commercial arbitration C) collective bargaining D) plea bargaining

C) collective bargaining

2) Work teams composed of individuals from various functional specialties are known as ________ teams. A) cross-control B) cross-training C) cross-functional D) cross-command

C) cross-functional

27) A virtual organization ________. A) is structurally complex B) has a fairly large full-time workforce C) hires outside specialists on a project basis D) has a high degree of departmentalization

C) hires outside specialists on a project basis

9) The first phase of the human resource management process involves ________. A) human resource planning, compensation, and benefits B) human resource planning, training, and performance management C) human resource planning, recruitment and decruitment, and selection D) human resource planning, recruitment and decruitment, and orientation

C) human resource planning, recruitment and decruitment, and selection

18) In which of the following traditional training methods do employees work with an experienced worker who provides information, support, and encouragement? A) e-learning B) experiential exercises C) mentoring and coaching D) on-the-job training

C) mentoring and coaching

3) Which of the following steps in human resource management helps retain competent and high-performing employees? A) orientation and selection B) selecting C) performance management D) training

C) performance management

30) Large groups consistently get better results than smaller ones, when the group is involved in ________. A) groupthink B) routine tasks C) problem solving D) long-term projects

C) problem solving

15) In Joan Woodward's study of the relationship between technology and structure, the structure that was the most technically complex was ________. A) unit production B) mass production C) process production D) technological production

C) process production

22) In which of the following organizational designs is there a greater likelihood of task and personality conflicts? A) simple structures B) functional structures C) project structures D) team structures

C) project structures

16) A ________ includes both positive and negative aspects about the job and the company. A) structured interview B) job analysis C) realistic job preview D) behavioral preview

C) realistic job preview

22) Which of the following refers to independent formal groups whose members, in addition to their regular jobs, take on traditional managerial responsibilities, such as hiring, planning and scheduling, and evaluating performance? A) command groups B) task groups C) self-managed teams D) cross-functional teams

C) self-managed teams

36) Research evidence suggests that teams typically outperform individuals when ________. A) one or more members are allowed to dominate the other team members B) projects are short-term and need quick solutions C) tasks require multiple skills, judgment, and experience D) tasks are simple and do not involve critical thinking

C) tasks require multiple skills, judgment, and experience

9) Which of the following factors calls for a more centralized organizational structure? A) when the decisions to be taken are significant B) when the company is geographically dispersed C) when the organization is facing a crisis D) when the environment is complex

C) when the organization is facing a crisis

30) Which of the following is a drawback of collaborative work? A) It decreases communication and coordination among the participants. B) It reduces the level of creativity and produces fewer ideas. C) It can be effectively applied only to simple problems. D) It is possible that participants may have opposing views and competing goals.

D) It is possible that participants may have opposing views and competing goals.

20) Which of the following is a weakness of the simple structure? A) Duplication of activities and resources increases costs and reduces efficiency. B) Specialists become insulated and have little understanding of what other units are doing. C) Pursuit of functional goals causes managers to lose sight of what is best for the overall organization. D) It relies too much on one person which is very risky.

D) It relies too much on one person which is very risky.

34) Which of the following is a drawback of open innovation? A) It increases the level of risk associated with product development. B) It diverts the organization's attention away from the marketplace. C) It nurtures external relationships but not internal ones. D) It requires extensive support.

D) It requires extensive support.

28) ________ occurs when a supervisor earns less than his or her subordinates. A) Job enrichment B) Groupthink C) Role ambiguity D) Status incongruence

D) Status incongruence

3) The line of authority that extends from upper organizational levels to lower levels, clarifying who reports to whom, is known as the ________. A) employee power distance B) unity of command C) span of control D) chain of command

D) chain of command

4) What kind of departmentalization would be in place in a government organization where different public service responsibilities are divided into activities for employees, children, and the disabled? A) product departmentalization B) geographic departmentalization C) process departmentalization D) customer departmentalization

D) customer departmentalization

8) All other things being equal, the wider or larger the span, the more ________ an organization is. A) ambitious B) rigid C) mechanistic D) efficient

D) efficient

20) To help survivors of downsizing cope with the stress, managers provide ________. A) outplacement assistance B) severance pay C) job search assistance D) employee counseling

D) employee counseling

38) Leadership is very important to effective teams. In most cases, effective team leaders act as ________. A) autocrats B) regulators C) controllers D) facilitators

D) facilitators

23) Which of the following stages in group development involves defining the group's structure and leadership? A) norming B) storming C) performing D) forming

D) forming

33) The ________ of conflict management argues that some conflict is absolutely necessary for effective organizational performance. A) traditional view B) conservative view C) human relations view D) interactionist view

D) interactionist view

25) Work specialization and departmentalization constitute the ________ boundaries of an organization. A) external horizontal B) internal vertical C) external vertical D) internal horizontal

D) internal horizontal

10) A written statement that explains the job content, environment, and conditions of employment is called a ________. A) job specification B) job preview C) job manual D) job description

D) job description

11) A(n) ________ organization is highly specialized and rigidly departmentalized. A) organic B) fundamental C) learning D) mechanistic

D) mechanistic

33) Searching for new ideas beyond an organization's boundaries and allowing changes to easily transfer inward and outward is known as ________. A) strategic partnering B) knowledge management C) organizational osmosis D) open innovation

D) open innovation

1) Which of the following is an example of a high-performance work practice? A) closed communication B) centralized decision making C) skill-based compensation D) self-managed teams

D) self-managed teams

13) What are the four contingency variables that an organization's structure depends on? A) strategy, size, technology, and equity B) management, technology, equity, and degree of environmental uncertainty C) management, funding, technology, and degree of environmental uncertainty D) strategy, size, technology, and environmental uncertainty

D) strategy, size, technology, and environmental uncertainty