March 22nd Vocab

significant event in presidential election of 1968; demonstrated the confusion and lack of unity among Democrats; outside, protests and police brutality

1968 Democratic National Convention

A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities

Affirmative Action

1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system.

Bakke v. University of California

Group founded by activist Latinos to protest the Vietnam War.

Chicano Moratorium Committee

process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment

Deindustrialization

The lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities.

Deregulation

A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon.

Détente

an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment

EPA

A holiday conceived of by environmental activist and Senator Gaylord Nelson to encourage support for and increase awareness of environmental concerns; first celebrated on March 22, 1970

Earth Day

when Carter entered office inflation soared, due to\\ the increases in energy prices by OPEC. In the summer of 1979, instability in the Middle East produced a major fuel shortage in the US, and OPEC announced a major price increase. Facing pressure to act, Carter retreated to Camp David, the presidential retreat in the Maryland Mountains. Ten days later, Carter emerged with a speech including a series of proposals for resolving the energy crisis.

Energy Crisis

A social movement dedicated to protecting the earth's life support systems for us and other species.

Environmentalism

constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Requires financial disclosure for elected public officials and placed 1 year restriction on former government officials' lobbying activities (the revolving door problem)

Ethics in Government Act

Gives all citizens the right to inspect all records of federal agencies except those containing military, intelligence, or trade secrets; increases accountability of bureaucracy

Freedom of Information Act

an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. He later wrote standard histories of the relations between Russia and the Western powers.

George F. Kennan

Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition

Joseph Stalin

1968, in which American troops had brutally massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai, also led to more opposition to the war.

My Lai

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; international cartel that inflates price of oil by limiting supply; Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and UAE are prominent members

OPEC

(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

Roe v. Wade

The northern industrial states of the United States, including Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity. In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, these states lost much of their economic base to economically attractive regions of the United States and to countries where labor was cheaper, leaving old machinery to rust in the moist northern climate.

Rust Belt

A phrase used to describe people, whatever their economic status, who uphold traditional values, especially against the counterculture of the 1960s

Silent Majority

A book written to voice the concerns of environmentalists. Launched the environmentalist movement by pointing out the effects of civilization development.

Silent Spring

a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)

Stagflation

a bar in Greenwich Village, New York, where the modern Gay Pride movement began after rioters protested the police treatment of the LGBT community there

Stonewall Inn (1969)

1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment

Tet Offensive

1979 - A mechanical failure and a human error at this power plant in Pennsylvania combined to permit an escape of radiation over a 16 mile radius.

Three Mile Island

A United States law enacted on June 23, 1972 that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."

Title IX

President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

Vietnamization

1973. A resolution of Congress that stated the President can only send troops into action abroad by authorization of Congress or if America is already under attack or serious threat.

War Powers Act

the chief justice that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson in Brown v. Board of Education (1954); he was the first justice to help the civil rights movement, judicial activism

Warren Court

The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in 1972 and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment.

Watergate

1960s *Spurred by increasing employment opportunities and increasing numbers of educated women *The Movement questioned "traditional" definitions of women's roles *There became increased opportunities for women in work, education, and business *Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination by employers on the basis of gender *National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966 to create equality between the sexes

Women's Liberation Movement

emphasized personal salvation, focused on literal interpretation of the bible

evangelcalism