Marketing Ch 3
Social responsibility can produce only an indirect profit. a. True b. False
False
The pyramid of corporate social responsibility portrays philanthropic performance as the foundation for the other responsibilities. a. True b. False
False
The pyramid of corporate social responsibility presents ethical responsibilities as the foundation for the other three responsibilities. a. True b. False
False
The utilitarian theory of ethical behavior is a belief in time-and-place ethics, that is, ethical truths depend on the individuals and groups holding them. a. True b. False
False
When applying deontological theory to an ethical dilemma, the decision on how to act is based upon weighing the alternatives and then choosing the solution which is the lesser of the perceived evils. a. True b. False
False
When making ethical decisions, the more likely an action will result in a harmful outcome, the less likely that marketers will recognize a problem as unethical. a. True b. False
False
18. The local community is not considered one of the stakeholders of an organization. a. True b. False
False
A decision is considered ethical or not based solely on the number of people who benefit from the decision. a. True b. False
False
A person who follows the deontological theory will produce inconsistent decisions because they are be based on the individual's choices. a. True b. False
False
Anything that is legal is ethical. a. True b. False
False
Cause-related marketing is a marketing relationship based on corporate giving, such as making philanthropic donations. a. True b. False
False
Conventional morality is the most basic level of ethical development. a. True b. False
False
Ethical beliefs vary widely from culture to culture. a. True b. False
False
Ethics are moral principles unrelated to the conduct of an individual or a group. a. True b. False
False
In rule utilitarianism, a person makes ethical decisions that benefit the maximum number of people and is not so concerned about laws. a. True b. False
False
According to stakeholder theory, social responsibility refers to paying attention to the interest of all the stakeholders such as management, suppliers, customers, local community, and so forth. a. True b. False
True
At postconventional morality level of ethical development, people are less concerned about what others think about them and more concerned about how they handle their problems over the long run. a. True b. False
True
Morals are rules that people develop as a result of cultural values and norms. a. True b. False
True
Research shows that when making ethical decisions, if the length of time between the action and its negative consequences is short, marketers are more likely to perceive the action as unethical. a. True b. False
True
Self-regulation refers to the voluntary acceptance of norms established by nongovernmental entities. a. True b. False
True
21. Jordon is a sales manager. He operates at the postconventional level of morality while making ethical decisions. In this case, which of the following statements is true? a. He will be concerned about how he sees and judges himself over the long run. b. He will be concerned about how people will view his decisions. c. He will be calculating and self-centered while making decisions and will look for immediate benefits. d. He will make decisions that are not beneficial for most people.
a
37. When considering the determinants of a civil society, which of the following refers to the voluntary acceptance of standards established by nongovernmental entities? a. Self-regulation b. Ethics c. Social control d. Behavioral norms
a
57. The socializing force that governs what is ethically right and wrong is called _________. a. culture b. morality c. ethics d. virtue ethics
a
A socially responsible marketing effort by a for-profit firm and a nonprofit organization that targets social or other charitable causes is referred to as __________. a. cause-related marketing. b. moral relativism. c. philanthropy d. green marketing
a
According to the pyramid of corporate social responsibility, which component involves being a good corporate citizen, contributing resources to the community and improving the quality of life? a. Philanthropic responsibilities b. Ethical responsibilities c. Legal responsibilities d. Economic responsibilities
a
According to which of the following ethical theories does a person choose to act in a way that benefits the most people, regardless of law or personal feelings? a. Act utilitarianism b. Rule utilitarianism c. Moral relativism d. Virtue ethics
a
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) was enacted because congress was concerned about a. U.S. corporations' use of illegal payments and bribes in international business dealings. b. so that website operators obtain verifiable consent from parents before collecting personal information about children under age thirteen. c. to set a standard for the suite of educational apps. d. None of these.
a
Hallie has a tendency to be egocentric. She follows the rules of her company mainly to avoid punishment and to gain respect. When making decisions, she always focuses on the immediate benefits she will gain from an alternative. Which of the following levels of ethical development does Hallie's behavior illustrate? a. Preconventional morality b. Postconventional morality c. Conventional morality d. Ethnocentric morality
a
Jack is told by a foreign official that he cannot obtain the contract that he critically needs unless he pays a bribe. Which of the following ethical theories would not allow bribing? a. Deontological theory b. Moral relativism c. Utilitarian ethical theory d. Ethnocentric morality
a
Quinn is the sales manager of a firm with a questionable reputation. During his tenure, he has witnessed numerous incidents of ethical misconduct. Research shows that he would observe less ethical misconduct if ________________________. a. his coworkers had a strong ethical culture among themselves b. a code of ethics was absent from his firm c. organizational rules were flouted in his firm d. the top managers of his firm had little control over organizational culture
a
The rules that people develop as a result of cultural values and norms are called _______. a. morals b. laws c. self-regulations d. social-regulations
a
When making an ethical decision, if there is strong consensus among coworkers that an action may bring harm to others, which of the following is most likely to occur? a. It is more likely that marketers will recognize that behavior as unethical. b. It is more likely that the action will not result in a negative outcome. c. Fewer individuals inside and outside the organization will be affected by the outcome of the action. d. Fewer people will be affected by the negative outcome.
a
Which model suggests that corporate social responsibility is composed of economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities that are built upon a firm's economic performance? a. Pyramid of corporate social responsibility b. Behavioral norms of corporate social responsibility c. Social control d. Act utilitarianism
a
Which of the following ethical theories believes that people should abide by their obligations and duties when stuck in an ethical dilemma? a. Deontological theory b. Moral relativism theory c. Casuist ethical theory d. Utilitarian ethical theory
a
Which of the following is a guideline to help marketing managers and other employees make better decisions? a. Code of ethics b. Morals c. Laws d. Self-regulations
a
Which of the following refers to the development and marketing of environment-friendly products designed to minimize negative effects on the physical environment? a. Green marketing b. Relationship marketing c. Economic sustainability marketing d. Cause-related marketing
a
Which of the following represents a business's concern for society's welfare? a. Corporate social responsibility b. Opportunism c. Preconventional morality d. Moral relativism
a
Which of the following theories assumes that the outcomes of a current ethical dilemma will be comparable to the outcomes of similar ethical dilemmas? a. Casuist ethical theory b. Act utilitarianism c. Rule utilitarianism d. Ethical relativism
a
Which statement is true of cause marketing? a. It involves the cooperative efforts of a for-profit firm and a nonprofit organization for their mutual benefit. b. It describes a marketing relationship based on a straight donation. c. It occurs when government agencies and nonprofit agencies launch social campaigns. d. It seldom helps companies increase the sale of their products.
a
Which term refers to a type of social responsibility concerned with developing processes and structures that not only meet the needs of a current community, but benefit future generations as well? a. Social sustainability b. Environmental sustainability c. Economic sustainability d. Physical sustainability
a
34. According to the pyramid of corporate social responsibility, which component includes the behavioral aspect of corporate social responsibility, that is being meticulous and trustworthy. a. Philanthropic responsibilities b. Ethical responsibilities c. Legal responsibilities d. Economic responsibilities
b
39. Which of the following statements is true of a code of ethics? a. It is most effective when presented in a long list of dos and don'ts. b. It is an effective internal control of behavior. c. It is typically drafted by government agencies. d. It applies to top managers of an organization rather than its employees.
b
75. Which of the following is a disadvantage of cause-related marketing? a. It does not increase the sale of products. b. It can lead to consumer cause fatigue. c. It results in immediate losses for a company because of its focus on a cause. d. It requires corporations to use anticompetitive measures.
b
At the preconventional level of ethical development of a person's moral character, the individual tends to: a. focus on the long-term results of his or her actions. b. have an egocentric orientation. c. adhere to social norms and laws. d. focus on societal expectations.
b
Developing long-term sources of clean water to improve health and preserve local ecosystems while creating a competitive advantage is an example of: a. social sustainability. b. environmental sustainability. c. economic sustainability. d. physical sustainability.
b
In which way are deontological theory and moral relativism similar? a. Both theories are concerned with the welfare of others. b. Both theories may lead to actions that are not ethically correct. c. Both theories are free from flaws. d. Both theories compare a current ethical dilemma with similar examples and outcomes.
b
Jamal is a marketing manager who, when it comes to ethical decisions, is more concerned about the long-term effects of an ethical decision he makes than what others think of his decision. Therefore, which level of ethical development does Jamal's behavior demonstrate? a. Preconventional morality b. Postconventional morality c. Conventional morality d. Ethnocentric morality
b
Robin, a police sergeant, believes that bribing is illegal. He does not accept bribes irrespective of the amount of money. Robin is demonstrating _____. a. act utilitarianism b. rule utilitarianism c. ethical relativism d. moral relativism
b
When considering ethical theories, which statement is true of moral relativism? a. Moral relativists believe that an act is always ethically wrong if it is legally wrong. b. It does not believe in absolute rules. c. Moral relativists believe that the most beneficial choice for the most people is ethically correct. d. It is a belief based on rules and individual obligations.
b
When considering ethics in other countries, which of the following statements is true? a. Corruption seldom occurs in international business dealings. b. The practice of making illegal payments, such as bribes, is accepted and expected in various countries. c. Ethical beliefs vary widely from culture to culture. d. Prosecutions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act have significantly declined.
b
Which of the following ethical theories is defined as a belief in time-and-place ethics and holds that ethical truths depend on the circumstances? a. Deontological theory b. Moral relativism theory c. Casuist ethical theory d. Utilitarian ethical theory
b
Which of the following refers to the idea that socially responsible companies will outperform their peers by focusing on the world's social problems and viewing them as opportunities to build profits and help the world at the same time? a. Philanthropy b. Sustainability c. Social regulations d. Opportunism
b
Which of the following statements is a feature of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)? a. It prohibits U.S. corporations from involvement in international business dealings. b. It prohibits U.S. corporations from making illegal payments to foreign governments. c. It cannot prosecute cases of bribery. d. It offers significant advantages to U.S. businesses dealing in countries in which the use of illegal payments and bribes is acceptable.
b
Which of the following statements is true of rule utilitarianism? a. Ethical truths depend on the individuals and groups holding them. b. Decisions must benefit the maximum number of people through the fairest and most universally just means available. c. A current ethical dilemma should be compared with similar examples and outcomes before deciding on a course of action. d. Intuition and personal feelings should guide decision making when faced with ethical dilemmas.
b
. A code of ethics: a. should include an operations schedule of day-to-day activities. b. should be limited to a list of dos and don'ts. c. should be in written form to avoid confusion. d. Does not help employees to identify what is wrong and what is right.
c
67. Which statement about the pyramid of corporate social responsibility is true? a. Philanthropy should be the most important function of a corporation. b. Ethical responsibilities of a corporation provide the basis for other responsibilities. c. If a company does not make a profit, then the other 3 responsibilities - legal, ethical and philanthropic are moot. d. Social responsibility efforts should be focused on the external and not the internal stakeholders of a corporation.
c
A business firm is collaborating on an initiative with a nonprofit organization by providing public-relations training to working professionals throughout a country. Twenty percent of the fee that the participants would pay is given to the nonprofit organization. The nonprofit organization in turn reaches a wider range of audience across the country for its training program. This scenario illustrates _____. a. relationship marketing b. effect-related marketing c. cause-related marketing d. green marketing
c
A marketing decision maker who is concerned only with whether a proposed action is legal and how it will be viewed by others is demonstrating which level of ethical development? a. Preconventional morality b. Postconventional morality c. Conventional morality d. Ethnocentric morality
c
How are act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism similar? a. Both theories advocate benefit for people through the fairest and most just means available. b. Both theories compare a current ethical dilemma with similar examples. c. Both theories have flaws associated with predicting the future consequences of an action. d. Both theories are beliefs based on time-and-place ethics.
c
In which level of ethical development does a person move from a self-centered viewpoint to behaviors that adhere to the norms of society? a. Pre conventional morality b. Post conventional morality c. Conventional morality d. Ethnocentric morality
c
Quasio Foods Inc. is a large food manufacturing corporation that earns more profits than its competitors. The company uses only organically grown grains and fruits. It also promotes organic farming and helps nonprofit agencies who focus on food and nutrition causes. The company recently decided to use a third-party recycling logo. In this scenario, Quasio Foods is most likely to have adopted the practice of _________________. a. relationship marketing b. event marketing c. green marketing d. affinity marketing
c
Ronald Systems Inc. has developed a line of appliances that runs on solar energy and causes no harm to the environment. Which of the following business practices is illustrated in this scenario? a. Divestment b. Opportunism c. Green marketing d. Cause-related marketing
c
When considering corporate social responsibility, which is true of stakeholder theory? a. It states that companies should only focus on increasing shareholder wealth. b. It states that social responsibility is best carried out by government agencies. c. It states that a company is expected to be a good citizen in its community. d. It states that the management does not play a special role in the organization.
c
Which of the following ethical theories first identifies an ethical dilemma and then draws a comparison with other similar dilemmas and prior experiences to reach the best possible solution? a. Deontological theory b. Moral relativism theory c. Casuist ethical theory d. Utilitarian ethical theory
c
Which of the following statements is true of morals? a. They are universal and seldom vary. b. They are independent of factors such as culture and religion. c. They reflect the laws and regulations that affect social and economic behavior. d. They set absolute standards for good and bad that are enforced by the law.
c
Which of the following statements is true of the deontological theory and the utilitarian ethical theory? a. The deontological theory considers the welfare of the people, while the utilitarian ethical theory does not. b. The deontological theory compares a current ethical dilemma, while the utilitarian ethical theory is a belief in time-and-place ethics. c. The deontological theory states that people should adhere to their duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma, while the utilitarian ethical theory is founded on the ability to predict the consequences of an action. d. The deontological theory states that the truth of a moral judgment is relative to the judging person or group, while the utilitarian ethical theory is a character trait valued as being good.
c
Which term refers to the optimum utilization of assets so that a firm continues making profit in the long run? a. Social sustainability b. Environmental sustainability c. Economic sustainability d. Physical sustainability
c
. Which of the following ethical theories states that it is an organization's social responsibility to pay attention to the interest of every affected stakeholder in every aspect of an organization's operation? a. Deontological theory b. Moral relativism theory c. Casuist ethical theory d. Stakeholder theory
d
A person whose behavior illustrates the deontological theory of ethics would ___________________. a. choose an alternative that adheres to laws and standards set by the government without considering his or her obligations toward society b. adopt an approach that is concerned with the welfare of others c. choose an alternative based on a comparison of his or her current ethical dilemma with examples of similar ethical dilemmas d. stick to his or her obligations when stuck in an ethical dilemma because doing one's duty is what is considered ethically correct
d
According to the three levels of ethical development, which statement is true of conventional morality? a. It is the most basic level of ethical development. b. A person at this level performs unethical and manipulative actions. c. It is predominantly characterized by an egocentric viewpoint of an individual. d. A person at this level is more concerned with how an action will be viewed by others.
d
Allan protests against individuals who litter on roads because he believes that society expects cleanliness from people. This illustrates _____. a. preconventional morality b. utilitarianism c. moral relativism d. conventional morality
d
Maria is a very soft spoken girl and she hardly hurts anybody. She does not raise her voice when she speaks and is very careful about the way she speaks and the words she chooses. She gets married and finds that her husband is highly abusive. However she controls her anger for a considerable amount of time without retaliating. One fine day, she loses patience and abuses her husband and slaps him in public. What Maria exhibited conforms to the ethical theory of a. Casuist ethical theory b. Act utilitarianism c. Rule utilitarianism d. Moral relativism
d
Mark comes from a very poor family yet he works hard and scores high in his school exams. However he fails to get a job since the school he studied in did not equip him with the adequate knowledge to find a job. Mark thus starves since he does not earn for his livelihood. Finally he gets depressed and steals food from some people who buy delicious food from a local restaurant. What ethical theory has Mark displayed in this case. a. Act utilitarianism b. Rule utilitarianism c. Casuist d. Moral relativism
d
Which ethical theory does not believe in absolute rules and states that during an ethical dilemma, a person makes the most appropriate decision by considering all the alternatives and choosing the lesser among evils as the resolution? a. Casuist ethical theory b. Act utilitarianism c. Rule utilitarianism d. Moral relativism
d
Which of the following are NOT stakeholders in a typical corporation? a. Employees b. Customers c. Local communities d. Competitors
d
Which of the following ethical theories believes in the well-being of maximum people using the fairest means available? a. Deontological theory b. Moral relativism theory c. Act utilitarianism theory d. Rule utilitarianism theory
d
Which of the following ethical theories states that the most ethical choice in a situation is one that produces the greatest benefit to the most people? a. Deontological theory b. Moral relativism theory c. Casuist ethical theory d. Utilitarian ethical theory
d
Which of the following is one of the four major components of the pyramid of corporate social responsibility? a. Opportunism b. Self-dealing c. Creativity d. Philanthropy
d
Which of the following people is MOST likely to disapprove of unethical practices more strongly than the others? a. Rebecca, who has noticed that most of her colleagues often use office supplies for personal use b. Jason, an editor, who has noticed that all his managers agree that it is okay to plagiarize a small amount of content occasionally c. Sarah, who is a manager at an organization that does not provide guidelines for ethical behavior d. David, who has noticed for the first time that a colleague misrepresented data in a report
d
Which of the following statements is true of a utilitarian? a. A utilitarian believes that arson is sometimes ethical and not always wrong. b. A utilitarian will always keep his promises to a friend and follow the law. c. A utilitarian is not necessarily concerned with the welfare of others. d. A utilitarian compares similar predicted solutions and uses a point system.
d
Which responsibility among the 4 components of the pyramid of corporate social responsibility acts as the foundation for the other three responsibilities. a. To do what is meticulous. b. To be a good corporate citizen. c. To obey the law. d. To make profits.
d
_____ is a business's concern for the long-range welfare of both the company and its relationship to the society within which it operates. a. Preconventional morality b. Moral relativism c. Corporate self-dealing d. Corporate social responsibility
d