marketing test 3

Registration of a trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office protects trademarks domestically for ____ years with indefinite renewals.

10

When three buyers purchase the products of three producers, nine transactions are required. If one intermediary serves both producers and buyers, the number of possible transactions is

6

What is the reorder point if the usage rate is 10 units per day, the order lead time is five days, and the safety stock is 30?

80

Which of the following is not a service product?

A 100 percent service satisfaction guarantee

Which of the following is the best example of a functional modification?

A smoke alarm is modified to be more sensitive to smoke at farther distances

Which of the following is always used to determine the classification of a good

Buyer's intent for using the product

Which of the following statements does not apply to convenience goods

Consumers are brand loyal to convenience products and are not likely to substitute other brands.

Energizer batteries would be classified as which type of product?

Convenience

Select the greatest advantage of horizontal channel integration.

Efficiencies in advertising, marketing research, and purchasing are increased

Which of the following statements about customer contact in services marketing is false

High-contact services are less expensive to deliver because they are typically equipment-based.

Business products are classified into the following seven categories according to characteristics and intended uses: raw materials, installations, accessory equipment, component parts, process materials, business services, and

MRO supplies.

For which of the following products would exclusive distribution be most appropriate

Rolls Royce automobile

Select the true statement concerning test marketing.

Test marketing is a limited introduction of the product in areas chosen to represent the intended market.

Which of the following issues is least important in using co-branding effectively

The brands involved should be owned by different companies

Which of the following is a primary factor specific to services in choosing a brand name

The service brand is usually the same as the company name so it must be flexible enough to fit several services.

Why are line extensions more common than new products

They are less expensive and lower-risk.

The most recent act passed by Congress that addresses the protection of trademarks is the

Trademark Law Revision Act

Which of the following best illustrates how a firm can use a symbol to make an intangible product more tangible?

Traveler's Insurance umbrella

Which of the following countries was the world's first service economy

United States

Which of the following is a low-contact service

Website design

What is the primary distinction between a line extension and a product modification

With product modifications, the original product is replaced in the product line while both the old and the new products remain in the case of line extension.

A light bulb can be considered all of the following except

a consumer product if it is used to light the office of the board of directors.

A product line is defined as

a group of closely related products that are considered a unit because of marketing, technical, or end-use considerations

major advantage of using individual branding is that

a poor quality product will not contaminate all of the company's other products with negative images

Brand licensing agreements can fail for many reasons but usually not because of

a strong match between the product and the licensed brand

The difference between absolute and relative product failure is

absolute product failure results in a loss on the investment and is deleted from the product mix, whereas relative product failure results in a small profit, and improvements or repositioning can create success later.

The two levels of expectations that consumers generally have about services are

acceptable and desired

Business products that are purchased routinely, do not become part of finished goods, and are expense items rather than capital goods are called

accessory equipment.

A company wanting to maintain market share during the maturity stage requires moderate to large

advertising expenditures

Changes that affect the sensory appeal of a product by altering its taste, texture, sound, smell, or visual characteristics are called ___________ modifications.

aesthetic

The three major ways to modify a product include

aesthetic, quality, and functional changes

A producer is not likely to receive _____ from an industrial distributor

aggressive promotion of its brand

According to the text, a product is defined as

anything the customer receives in an exchange

What are a marketing manager's two options during the decline stage?

attempt to postpone the decline or accept its inevitability

As Jessica enters Best Buy's car electronics department, she is asked by the salesperson if she has seen the new plug-in cell phones with TV display. She answers that she didn't know that this type of phone accessory for cars was available. Based on this information, she is now in what stage of the product adoption process for this item?

awareness

an individual moves into the adoption stage of the adoption process at the point when he or she

begins using that specific product.

If Megan Roberts were given total marketing responsibility over Diet Cherry 7Up, she would hold the position of __________ manager.

brand

An agreement in which one company allows another to use its brand on other products for a fee is called

brand licensing

McDonald's golden arches are a classic example of a

brand mark

The part of a brand that can be spoken including letters, numbers, and words is the

brand name

Healthy Choice is a ____ manufactured by ConAgra Foods, which is a ____.

brand name; trade name

When Anheuser-Busch added Michelob Light to the line of Michelob beers, the firm was using ___________ branding.

brand-extension

Private distributor, generic, and manufacturer are the three types of

brands

"Is the demand strong enough?" is a question that marketers ask during the ___________ phase of new-product development.

business analysis

Breakeven analysis is a tool that marketers are likely to employ during the ___________ stage of the new-product development process.

business analysis

The product deletion process is similar to the ___________ step of the new-product development process because both involve deciding whether the product should be in the product mix based on an assessment of sales, costs, and profits.

business analysis

As the production manager of an engineering firm, you went out and bought a metal cutting machine. What you have purchased can best be classified as a

business product.

A public warehouse is a

business that leases storage space and related facilities for distribution to other firms.

___________ packaging means that the product is packaged in line with the packaging practices associated with a particular product category

category-consistent

When one company in a marketing channel has the ability to influence another member's goal achievement, the company has

channel power

Business products are

classified according to their characteristics and intended uses.

Many services base their success on building a group of satisfied customers who use their services on a regular basis over long periods of time. This critical component of success is referred to as

client-based relationships

Ford Explorer vehicles that are Eddie Bauer versions exemplify

co-branding

Stacey and Evan are preparing budgets for a new product as well as finalizing plans for the full-scale marketing and manufacturing of the new Genie-Vac. They are in the ____ phase of the new-product development process.

commercialization

When Natalie and Chris analyze the results from the recently completed test market to determine if any changes in the marketing mix are needed, they are in the ___________ phase of the new-product development process.

commercialization

One disadvantage of test marketing a new product is that

competitors may copy the product.

A set of Bose car speakers sold to Ford for use in the production of a hybrid Escape, would be an example of a(n)

component part.

Marketers at Starbucks have generated several ideas for new food products. Management has assessed whether these ideas are consistent with Starbuck's objectives and resources. Several product ideas were dropped after this analysis. The next stage of development for the remaining product ideas is

concept testing

The phase of new-product development in which a small sample of potential buyers are presented with a product idea through a written or oral description in order to determine their attitudes and initial buying intentions regarding the product is called

concept testing

Goodyear allows companies like Sears and Discount Tire to distribute and discount its tires. This action significantly increases the possibility of channel ___________ with independent Goodyear dealers.

conflict

At one time, generic brands represented about 10 percent of all retail grocery sales. Today they account for

considerably less

The ability of a product to provide the same level of quality over time is called

consistency

A distinguishing factor between a brand name and a brand mark is that a brand name

consists of work

Which of the following is most likely to be considered a business service?

consulting

The intangibility aspect of a service means that

consumers may have a problem evaluating service offerings.

In the distribution channel for Domino's Pizza, channel members are linked by legal agreements that spell out the obligations and rights of each member. This is an example of a(n) ___________ vertical marketing system.

contractual

Dannon Yogurt represents what type of product for most consumers?

convenience

A first class airline ticket offers a ____ service of transportation as well as _______ services of drink and food service, special boarding rights, and extra customer service.

core; supplementary

Services have three evaluation attributes: search qualities, experience qualities, and ___________ qualities.

credence

Many services have aspects that consumers may never be able to evaluate, even years after the purchase and consumption of the service. These attributes are called

credence qualities

Order handling involves all of the following activities except that the

customer places a purchase order.

Any human or mechanical effort that adds value to a product is called

customer service

Best Buy differentiates its product offerings from its competition with stores like Sam's, by offering delivery and installation, financing arrangements, and repairs. Best Buy is differentiating through

customer services

The heterogeneity characteristic of services provides marketers with tremendous opportunity to

customize their services to meet unique individual needs

An important goal of physical distribution is reducing the time it takes to complete

cycle time

The amount of annual losses companies suffer from counterfeit products is estimated to be

$250-$350 billion.

Cadillac recognized it needed to revitalize its brand and attract different market segments. These are indications that Cadillac's products were primarily in the ______ stage of the product life cycle.

decline

In general, differences between goods and services are determined by the

degree of tangibility

An American West Airlines flight from Dallas to Houston was full, and the tickets were more expensive than the almost-empty American West flight from Chicago to Phoenix. This is an example of what kind of service pricing?

demand-based

Quality modifications are changes that relate to a product's

dependability and durability

Procter & Gamble makes at least eight different laundry detergents. This is most relevant to the issue of

depth of product mix

The well-known brand AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph) would most likely be classified as

descriptive

When determining how a product is conceived, planned, produced, and even its physical appearance and its specific characteristics, one is really talking about the product's

design, styling and features

Which of the following services falls closest to the middle of the tangibility continuum?

dinner at the Olive Garden

Caruthers Paint Manufacturing Company buys the chemicals it needs for producing its products from a chemical producer, Roth Chemicals. In this instance, the chemicals are being distributed to Caruthers through which of the following types of channels?

direct distribution

The marketing channels for services are usually

direct from provider to customer.

When Sony realized its CD players were in the decline stage, it decided to immediately withdraw all of its marketing support from these declining products, an approach known as

divesting

Prudential Insurance uses "the rock" symbol to communicate stability and security to customers. This is Prudential's attempt to help customers better understand its services by

emphasizing tangible cues in promoting the service.

Sales usually start to decline during the __________ stage of the product life cycle.

end of maturity

When an individual considers whether a product will meet certain criteria that are critical for meeting his or her needs, in what stage of the product adoption process is this individual?

evaluation

All of the following are major steps in developing new products except

evaluation of competitors' efforts.

The three major levels of intensity at which a company can choose to distribute its products are _____ distribution.

exclusive, selective and intensive

Organizational buyers are especially partial to direct marketing channels when

expensive and/or complex equipment is involved.

A runout policy of product deletion

exploits any strengths left in the product

Which of the following is not a stage in the buyer's product adoption process

exploration

When ___________ branding is used, each of a firm's products is branded with at least part of the same name

family

A firm may decide that all packages should be similar and include one major element of the same design. This approach to promote an overall company image is called

family packaging

What is the most protectable brand type as determined by a series of court decisions

fanciful

All of the following are reasons why new products fail except

followed a systematic plan

During the growth stage of the product life cycle, marketers must

fortify the product position

Changes that affect a product's versatility, effectiveness, convenience, or safety are called ___________ modifications.

functional

After a company has created a prototype during the product development stage, its performance, or ___________ must be tested.

functionality

product that is simply labeled with the product category is considered a

generic brand

Aggressive pricing is typical during the ___________ stage of the product life cycle.

growth

In which stage of the product life cycle do profits begin to decrease

growth

In which stage of the product life cycle do profits peak?

growth

Which stage of the product life cycle begins when a business reaches the breakeven point with the product

growth

Packaging that is designed to flow through the distribution channel easily is called ____ packaging.

handling-improvement

A firm with a product in the decline stage of the product life cycle may decide to gradually reduce marketing expenditures and realign its marketing mix to one that requires fewer resources. This approach is called

harvesting

Because of a service's ___________, standardization and quality are difficult to control.

heterogeneity

Machinery such as ATMs and online customer services can reduce the ______ that comes from increased contact with human employees.

heterogeneity

Services have six basic characteristics: intangibility, inseparability of production and consumption, perishability, client-based relationships, customer contact, and

heterogeneity

The fact that the first massage Gretchen gives each day is better than the last massage demonstrates the ______ of services.

heterogeneity

To expand the number of its retail outlets in the Washington, D.C., area, the Dress Barn bought out a small chain of women's apparel stores in northern Virginia. This type of integration is called

horizontal

The more __________ involved with delivering a service, the greater the degree of heterogeneity.

human labor

Services are usually provided through the application of _______ directed at people or objects.

human or mechanical efforts

Outback Steakhouse wants to expand its line of food products. The managers sent surveys to customers to determine which food items would appeal to them. Outback is currently in the __________ phase of new-product development.

idea generation

When marketers at Nabisco meet to identify the types of snacks that young people want, they are engaging in which phase of new-product development?

idea generation

MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) is a nonprofit organization that primarily markets

ideas

Which of the following factors have contributed the least to the growth of services in the U.S. economy

increased number of high-tech goods

The growth of business services is largely attributed to

increases in the complexity and competitiveness of business environments.

When banks add new services during the maturity stage, the objective they are most likely trying to achieve is

increasing their share of the customer

Frito-Lay, which is widely known for producing chips and other snack products, tried to introduce Frito-Lay lemonade. The reason this new product failed is likely because of

ineffective branding

a genuinely new product—like the iPhone once was—offers

innovative benefits to consumers

Depending on the length of time it takes them to adopt a new product, people can be divided into five major adopter categories: early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards, and

innovators

A sign in a doctor's office waiting room says "Please be courteous of the others waiting with you." The doctor's office is trying to positively influence the _______ aspect of services.

inseparability

Hair stylists find it challenging to market their service because the customer must be involved in production (i.e., the haircut). This illustrates which of the following unique features of services?

inseparability

Jason Robinson, a dentist, finds that he is not bringing in enough revenue to cover his expenses. He would like to schedule more patients, but he finds that in almost every time slot, he is seeing an existing patient. Jim's difficulty in expanding his practice involves the aspect of service called

inseparability

A customer must have a particular brand and will accept no substitutes. This is termed brand

insistence

The three levels of brand loyalty from strongest to weakest are

insistence, preference, recognition

Clean, sharp looking employees with appropriate uniforms help assure customers about service quality and therefore address the _____ of services.

intangibility

Symbols such as the Travellers' Financial Services umbrella are designed to help customers overcome the ________ of services.

intangibility

Candy bars and chewing gum are most likely to be distributed through _____ and _____.

intensive; dual distribution

The four major stages of a product life cycle include

introduction, growth, maturity and decline

Vertical channel integration

is made possible by purchasing the operations of a link in the channel.

Competitive interference with a test-marketing program is called

jamming

Which of the following statements about labeling is false

labels do not have to disclose nutritional information.

The last group to adopt a new product, _________, is oriented toward the past and is suspicious of new products

laggards

Which of the following service providers would typically call their customers "clients"?

lawyers

Compared to creating and developing a brand from scratch, a firm sometimes buys a brand from another company at a premium price because outright purchase is

less expensive and less risky

If the manufacturer of Cool Whip were to introduce an orange-flavored Cool Whip and still continue to produce all of its other Cool Whip products, this would be an example of

line extension

Coca-Cola has expanded to Diet Coke, Cherry Coke, and Caffeine-free Coke, to name a few. These are examples of

line extensions

Brunswick's bowling balls, bowling bags, and shoes are individual product ___________ for this sporting goods manufacturer.

lines

A marketing intermediary's role is to

link producers to other middlemen or to consumers

Dropping an unprofitable product immediately is the best strategy when

losses are too great to prolong the product's life

The result of an inventory stockout is usually an increase in

lost sales

Which of the following tactics would typically be employed when a product is in the growth stage of its life cycle?

lowering prices after developmental costs have been recovered

Joe is an athlete who plays a variety of sports that all require various athletic shoes. He has a favorable attitude toward Nike shoes. This favorable attitude is called brand

loyalty

family packaging means

making all of a company's or product line's packaging look similar.

A ___________ brand usually requires a producer to become involved in distribution, promotion, and pricing decisions

manufacturer

Kyle Bolger of U.S. Hospital Supply Corporation has responsibility for managing the marketing activities for products aimed at nursing homes and extended care facilities. Kyle's job is that of a(n)

market manager

A common business objective of the ___________ stage of the product life cycle is to generate cash flow

maturity

When a business finds itself squeezed out of a market for a product or loses interest in that product, it is a sign of being in the ___________ stage of the product life cycle.

maturity

Which stage of the product life cycle is characterized by intense competition

maturity

Product deletion

may be opposed by management

Sara Lee Corporation manufactures desserts, breads, pantyhose, meats, and a variety of other products. These products make up Sara Lee's product

mix

In product modification, three conditions must be met to improve a firm's product mix: the product must be modifiable, customers must be able to perceive that a modification has been made, and

modification should make the product more consistent with customers' desires.

Service industries account for ____ of the gross domestic product of most developed nations.

nearly three-quarters

During the introduction stage of a successful product, profits are usually

negative and increasing

product deletion can best be described as the process of deleting a product from the product mix when it

no longer satisfies a sufficient number of customers.

Eliminating a wholesaler from a marketing channel will

not eliminate the functions performed by that wholesaler.

As Lisa eats her morning bowl of Golden Grahams cereal, she reads about the calories, fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins she is ingesting. This information is required by the

nutrition labeling act

When a theater entices customers to see movies during the daytime by offering tickets at a reduced price, it is trying to solve the services marketing problem of

off-peak demand

What are the three primary tasks of order processing

order handling, order entry, order delivery

If a firm decides to contract its physical distribution functions to third parties that have no managerial authority within the marketing channel, it is using

outsourcing

Service activities are time-dependent, meaning that the service must be provided at a point in time when customers want to use it. This point in time is also known as

peak-demand

A brand manager in a multiproduct firm would be responsible for

performance of a specific brand

Demand-based pricing most closely relates to the _____ of services.

perishability

Kathy Adkins, owner of Adkins Styling Salon, looks at the day's appointment schedule and notices that it is completely full. She wishes some of the empty slots from earlier in the week were available on this Saturday afternoon. Her thoughts deal with the ___________ characteristic of services.

perishability.

the fact the services cannot be inventoried and then sold at a later date is called

perishability.

Marketers of a particular brand of ice cream have decided to delete their line of ice cream bars. They will do so by letting the product decline and not change the current marketing strategy. This method of deletion is called

phase out

If 7-UP decides Diet 7-Up with Vitamins is not reaching profit expectations and simply allows the product to decline without any change in marketing strategy, it is using a ____ deletion strategy.

phase-out

Marketing channels create three types of utility for consumers including

place, time, and possession

Compared to goods marketers, services providers are more likely to promote performance documentation, availability, guarantees, and

price

Craftsman tools, sold and branded by Sears, is an example of a ___________ brand.

private distributor

Products used directly in the production of a final product but are not easily identifiable are categorized as

process materials.

Large retailers such as J.C. Penney's and Target are most likely to participate in which of the following channels?

producer, retailers, consumers

Steelcase, Inc. markets furniture directly to businesses. This is an example of a(n) _________ channel.

producer-to-business buyer

Few supermarkets would try to replace a national brand of baby food with their own brand. Assuming that this is true, we have a good example of channel leadership by

producers

If Kraft General Foods offered you a position in which you would have total marketing responsibility for all of its cheese products, this position would probably hold the title of __________ manager.

product

Ideally, test marketing should follow which stage in the new-product development process

product development

Marketers begin to make decisions about labeling, packaging, branding, pricing, and promotion during

product development

The phase of the new-product development process when the organization determines the technological feasibility of producing the product at a cost that results in a reasonable selling price is

product development

A ______ is responsible for a product, product line, or several distinct products in an interrelated group within an organization.

product manager

Three major ways in which marketers engage in product differentiation are

product quality, product design and features, and product support services

Without wholesalers and other intermediaries,

products would likely be more expensive due to the use of less efficient channel members.

In an attempt to attract customers, service marketers often promise great results and satisfaction to customers, but marketers should be careful not to

promise too much and cause customer expectations beyond what they can deliver.

Because practically all marketers provide some services, ___________ typically do not exist in today's business environment.

pure goods

the overall characteristics of a product that allow it to perform as expected in satisfying customer needs is

quality

Bauman Flooring found a supplier of very inexpensive fibers that could be used to produce low-grade carpeting at a very low cost. Because Bauman had been facing stiff competition in the medium-grade carpet industry, it started using the new material in all of its carpeting and reducing its prices. This is an example of a(n)

quality modification

A complex product development process, including an extensive business analysis to determine the possibility of success, are hallmarks of a

radically new product

The weakest level of brand loyalty is brand

recognition

functional modifications usually require that the product be

redesigned

Convenience products are

relatively inexpensive, frequently purchased items for which buyers exert only minimal purchasing effort

A specialty product

requires purchase planning, and the buyer will not accept substitutes.

After direct-marketing, the next slightly longer marketing channel adds a(n

retailer

Often, a new product is launched in stages during commercialization. This gradual introduction of the product is known as

roll-out

A new variety of Doritos is initially introduced in Ft. Worth, Texas; Columbia, South Carolina; Peoria, Illinois; and Spokane, Washington. After its initial success, Frito Lay markets the Doritos in those entire states, then the adjacent states, and finally the entire country. Frito-Lay is using a _____ for its new variety of Doritos.

roll-out approach

All of the following are concepts used in a just-in-time inventory management system except

safety stock is kept to reduce stock outs

Compared with other phases of the new-product development process, the largest number of new-product ideas is rejected during the ___________ phase.

screening

Concerns about cannibalization of current product sales must be addressed in the ___________ phase of the new-product development process.

screening

Tara finds evaluating a new pair of jeans much easier than evaluating tennis lessons because she can try on the jeans to see exactly how they feel and fit. In other words, the jeans have many _____ qualities.

search

A package that can be used again for a different purpose than its original function is called a

secondary-use package

When service companies change high-contact services into low-contact services, the

service becomes less personalized

All of the following are elements of the inseparability characteristic of services except that

services are easy to standardize and control.

Consumers look closely at service quality when comparing competing services because

services are very difficult to evaluate

Gap clothing stores sell primarily what type of products

shopping

During the maturity stage

some competitors are forced out.

A service is usually offered as part of a bundled package of services with a core service and one or more ________ services.

supplementary

If Best Western bundles its rooms with services such as free local phone calls, cable television, wireless Internet access, and complimentary breakfast, these services are known as ___________ services.

supplementary

Long-term partnerships among channel members working together to reduce inefficiencies, costs, and redundancies in the entire marketing channel is called

supply chain management

Besides generic names, what other types of names are very difficult to protect?

surnames and geographic names

a suggested approach to deleting products, in which each product is evaluated periodically to determine its impact on the overall effectiveness of the firm's product mix, is called a(n)

systematic review

Angela and Ralph at Tablerock Foods believe they have come up with a delicious low-calorie dessert, but they have some doubt about which of two promotional and pricing campaigns will be better received by consumers. In this instance, they probably should proceed to the ___________ stage of the new-product development process.

test marketing

Product failure is a concern of all marketers. Which of the following phases of new-product development is best able to measure this concern?

test marketing

Sales and cost analyses occur most frequently in what stage of the new-product development process?

test marketing

Top managers at Cincinnati Microwave believe that they have a successful working prototype of their new radar detector and plan to go directly to regional commercialization of the new product. In this instance, they are contemplating skipping the __________ phase of the new-product development process.

test marketing

Lauren is a concert promoter who works for pop star Justin Timberlake. She works very hard to make sure most of Justin's concerts are sold out because she understands the concept of perishability, which means

that if the tickets are not sold, seats will remain empty and they can never be sold to anyone again.

A trademark signifies

that the owner has exclusive use of a brand and others are prohibited from using it

the major drawback to using aesthetic modifications is

that the value of the modification is determined subjectively.

Which of the following best defines the interest stage in the product adoption process

the buyer seeks info and is receptive to learning about the product

Tina, a waitress at the Riverfront Grill, is angry that a customer complained that his soup was cold because of her slow service. Riverfront owner Max Griffin reminds her that she must focus on service quality as defined by

the customer's perceptions

In most service industries, customer-contact employees are

the lowest-paid and least-trained employees

In product modification, the first issue to consider is whether

the product is modifiable

Order processing is defined as

the receipt and transmission of sales order information

PepsiCo has a new flavor of soft drink that it wants to test to determine reactions of probable buyers. Which of the following test-market characteristics would be least useful to PepsiCo when testing the new soft drink?

tourism is a major industry in the area.

client-based relationships are least likely to be developed by

towing services

iPod is the ___________ of the MP3 player made by Apple, Inc.

trade name

Which of the following laws was enacted by Congress in 1988 to strengthen trademark protection

trademark law revision act

When Saturn offers to let qualified buyers test drive the new Saturn SKY roadster, the dealer is trying to stimulate which stage of the product adoption process

trial

Johnson Controls hires a consultant to assess its materials handling procedures. The consultant recommends the implementation of ___________ if they want easier movement of items between internal destinations in the warehouse.

unit loading

Nick Arnold's Auto Towing Service would best be described as a(n) __________ product.

unsought

When a sudden problem confronts a consumer, such as emergency automobile repair, he or she is likely going to view solutions to that problem as

unsought products.

To make intangible products more tangible or real to the consumer, marketers often

use symbols or cues to help symbolize product benefits.

The following organizational approaches accomplish tasks necessary to develop and manage products: market manager approach, product manager approach, and the _________ approach.

venture team

Bennetton, a leading manufacturer of knitwear in Italy, expanded its operations to include retail outlets in the United States and South America. This type of integration is called

vertical

Warner Bros. sells cookie jars, puzzles, photo albums, and other items featuring its popular cartoon characters directly through its own retail outlets. This is an example of

vertical channel integration

Which of the following physical distribution functions involves design and operation of facilities for storing goods

warehousing

Early in the commercialization phase, marketers must make decisions about

warranties, repairs, and replacement parts.

Private distributor brands are owned by

wholesalers or retailers

One company markets such diverse products as Rosarita Mexican foods, Max Factor cosmetics, and Samsonite luggage. These various offerings exhibit this firm's product mix

width

What measure of the product mix involves the number of product lines a company offers?

width

Just Relax Massage Therapists have a large customer base although they do very little advertising. Their promotion strategy relies mostly on

word of mouth