Marriage and Family
Adults with a(n) __________ attachment style shun or evade emotional closeness.
avoidant
Many households containing grandparents are __________ family households, which include other relatives besides parents and children.
extended
The __________ family is one in which a traditional division of labor is the ideal. This family model is often associated with evangelical Christianity, as well as Orthodox Judaism, traditional Catholicism, and Mormonism.
neotraditional
Rhonda and Javier have recently married and have agreed that they will only have sexual relations with each other. This agreement reflects the expectations of
sexual exclusivity.
Mothers of young children
were the last women to move into the labor force.
Social scientist Ira Reiss has proposed what he calls a "__________ theory" of love.
wheel
Some career women choose to __________ the labor force in order to stay home with their children for a time.
"opt out" of
Sometimes we _______ into a decision rather than making a conscious one.
"slide"
Women who worked full time in 2014 earned __________ cents for every dollar earned by men.
79
What is the impact of communication technologies like e-mail, Skype, and GPS on families?
Communication technologies change the way families interact.
__________ means preparing to defend oneself against what one presumes is an upcoming attack.
Defensiveness
All couple conflicts in the home are detrimental to children.
False
Both men and women do far more housework these days than in 1965.
False
From a sociological perspective, the triangular theory of love is the only way of looking at love.
False
Homogamy is the sociological term for "opposites attract."
False
In most cases, marriage alone is sufficient to alleviate poverty.
False
Martyring is essentially equivalent to intimacy.
False
Only about 25 percent of Americans believe that extramarital sex is morally wrong.
False
Polygamy has been legal in the United States since 1878.
False
The text concludes that when both partners develop constructive habits, all of their problems will be solved.
False
__________ refers to marriage between those who are different in race, age, education, religious background, or social class.
Heterogamy
Which of the following is true about the age at marriage today?
It is the highest recorded since the 1890 census.
_____ is a type of polygamy wherein a woman has multiple husbands.
Polyandry
_______, or having more than one spouse, is culturally accepted in many parts of the world.
Polygamy
Although breaking up is hard to do any time, breakups can be a good thing in certain cases.
True
Conflict is a natural part of every relationship.
True
Experts advise a balanced level of cohesion for couples and families.
True
Higher income is positively associated with marriage.
True
In displacement, a person directs anger at people or things that the other cherishes.
True
Many couples may feel uncomfortable about expressing anger directly.
True
Many people in the world expect love to develop after marriage.
True
Polyamory refers to marriages in which one or both spouses retain the option to sexually and emotionally love others in addition to their spouse.
True
Regardless of family structure, a family characterized by warmth, cohesion, and generally supportive communication is better for children.
True
Single-person households now represent a quarter of American households.
True
Some husbands today are rejecting the idea that dedication to one's job or occupational achievement is the ultimate indicator of success.
True
When couples express anger directly, resolution is possible.
True
__________ involve(s) the necessary tasks of attending to both the emotional needs of all family members and the practical needs of dependent members, as well as maintaining the family domicile.
Unpaid family work
What false belief is detrimental to a relationship?
Your partner should automatically know how you think and feel.
Date rape is also known as __________ rape.
acquaintance
In general, social scientists find that the most stable marriages are those that are homogamous in
age, education, religion and race.
Today, in countries where arranged marriages used to be the norm, it is more common for the children to marry only when they themselves accept their parents' choice. Unions like these are called __________.
assisted marriages
Traditionally, both law and social science specified that the family consisted of people related by
blood, marriage, or adoption.
According to the text, contempt, criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling, and belligerence
characterize unhappy marriages and signal impending divorce.
Other societies, and past societies, tended to be more __________, where people identify with and conform to the expectations of their extended kin.
collectivistic
Of the components of consummate love, which is the most gradual to develop?
commitment
We live in a society characterized by ________________ change, including increased ethnic, economic, and family diversity.
considerable
In Robert Sternberg's typology, __________ love is composed of all three dimensions of his theory.
consummate
The proportion of children under age eighteen living with two married parents __________ over the past 30 years.
declined steadily
Over the past five decades, fertility in the United States has
declined.
Shift work is associated with
decreased marital stability.
Which of the following is NOT especially associated with dating violence?
disagreements over politics
Christina is angry with her husband Tyrone for spending too much time and energy on his business endeavors, and she expresses dislike for his very expensive car. This is an illustration of
displacement
According to the wheel of love theory, there are four stages in the development of love. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
erotic
The ideas of bargaining, market, and resources used to describe relationships such as marriage come to us from ___________ theory.
exchange theory
Parents and children, along with other relatives such as in-laws, grandparents, aunts and uncles, and cousins are included in the __________ family.
extended
Family togetherness, stability, and loyalty are all examples of
familistic (communal) values.
Sometimes the marriage exchange is accompanied by a dowry, a sum of money or property brought to the marriage by the __________.
female
Some groups have friends who are so close that they are hardly distinguished from actual relatives. These relationships are referred to as "__________" kin.
fictive
Regarding mate selection, the United States is an example of what cross-cultural researchers call a ____ culture.
free-choice
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in the last 50 years, the marriage rate has __________.
generally declined
Traditional men are more likely to take on the _____ model as their husband-father role.
good provider
Americans tend to marry people of similar race, age, education, religious background, and social class. This behavior reflects
homogamy
A nuclear family consists of:
husband, wife, and children
Adults with a(n) __________ attachment style exhibit possible negative behaviors such as unwarranted jealousy or attempts to control one's partner due to "fear of abandonment."
insecure/anxious
In 1967, in the case of Loving v. Virginia, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
interracial marriage must be considered legally valid in all states.
Women are more likely than their male partners to remember anniversaries and shop for birthday gifts, activities known as _____.
kin keeping
The text concludes that the best way to make decisions about our personal lives is to make them
knowledgeably
What is the key function of marriage for most Americans?
love and ongoing emotional support
John Alan Lee classified six
love styles.
Consider this statement: "If I can get him/her to do what I want done, then I'll be sure he/she loves me." This reflects
manipulation
Social psychologist John Gottman has made his reputation in the field of
marital communication.
In the United States, __________ remains the most socially acceptable—and stable—gateway to family life.
marriage
Which of the following is NOT listed by your text as a major family function?
meeting sexual desires
According to the text, fathers are spending __________ time with their children in comparison to the past.
more
Compared to the recent past, children are __________ likely to live with a grandparent today.
more
Generally, lesbian couples' division of labor is _____ than that of gay male couples.
more egalitarian
The likelihood of divorce declines with _________.
more years of education
Parents, brothers, and sisters are part of a person's family of
orientation
The text reports that _________ percent of marriages were preceded by cohabitation.
over 50
Chronic criticism, nagging, nitpicking, and sarcasm are all forms of
passive-aggression.
Roland and Megan are married, but have agreed to retain the option of sexually and emotionally loving others. This is referred to in the text as
polyamory
Deborah Tannen argues that men typically engage in conversation aimed mainly at conveying information, which she refers to as
report talk.
After WWII, as soldiers came home, the government encouraged women to
return to their kitchens.
Adults with a(n) __________ attachment style are inclined to trust that their relationships will provide ongoing emotional support.
secure
Brad and Janet have been married for 10 years. Janet is a prosecuting attorney. Brad stays home to care for the house and family. The text would identify Brad as a
stay-at-home father.
Family sociologist Andrew Cherlin has noted that time-honored family definitions and social norms "count for far less" than in the past. He calls this__________.
the deinstitutionalization of marriage
For Hispanics today, la familia means
the extended as well as the nuclear family.
A few companies today hope to lessen ______ by eliminating salary negotiations.
the wage gap
From interviews and observations, the authors reveal that:
there are many definitions given for "family."
Heterosexual women are more likely than men to adjust their work and home schedules to accommodate caregiving, largely because
they are paid less on average than their male partners.
The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act mandates up to __________of unpaid family leave for workers in companies with at least fifty employees.
twelve weeks
Today, the statistical norm among married couples is the __________ partnership.
two-earner
A majority of children live in __________ households.
two-parent
