Marriage and Family Ch 7-14 Final Exam Review
Husbands send clearer messages to their wives than wives send to their husbands. True False
false
In the United States the highest percent of births to unmarried mothers is among: Non-Hispanic Blacks. Pacific Islanders. Asian Americans. Native Americans.
non hispanic blacks
Contemporary child-rearing strategies share which of the following tenets? Dominance Lack of consequences Open communication Physical punishment
open communication
Layne watched her parents argue constantly when she was growing up. Now she assumes that marriage is about conflict. This illustrates the marital: trap. paradigm. prototype. code.
paradigm
Women who choose to be child-free are generally: mentally unstable. from wealthy families. poorly educated. well-educated and career-oriented.
well-educated and career oriented
"Why are you even bringing up this problem now?" is an example of: physiological self-soothing. stonewalling. validating. defensiveness.
defensiveness
Which of the following relationship factors is most important in predicting marital success? Problem-solving skills The absence of conflict Assertiveness Emotional environment
emotional environment
The incest taboo is an enforcement of: exogamy. homogamy. heterogamy. endogamy.
exogamy
The basic content of a message is expressed: verbally. nonverbally. both verbally and nonverbally. sometimes verbally, sometimes nonverbally.
verbally
Rates of cohabitation have increased for which of the following reasons? Women are more economically dependent on marriage. Most people consider marriage obsolete Views of sexuality have liberalized. The meaning of divorce has remained consistent over time.
views of sexuality have liberalized
The effect of work on other aspects of our lives is known as: family work. work spillover. role overload. role strain.
work spillover
Marriage tends to change people for the better. True False
false
When is dating violence at its highest risk of occurring to adolescent females? In early adulthood (ages 18-25) 14-17 years old 12-15 years old 15-18 years old
15-18 years old
Earnings are about ___ higher in traditionally male occupations than in predominately female integrated occupations. 5% 20% 30-50% 60-70%
30-50%
Families that function as economic partnerships dependent on the efforts of both husband and wife are known as: dual-career families. dual-earner families. co-provider families. domestic corporations.
co-provider families
All of the following are positive ways of resolving conflict except: coercion. assertion. negotiation. supporting your partner.
coercion
Unhappily married couples displayed which of the following behavior patterns? Confrontation Paraphrasing Validation Clarification
confrontation
According to the text, during negative communication interactions, nonverbal acts such as rolling one's eyes in response to a statement or complaint made by a spouse can convey: contempt. amusement. power. confusion.
contempt
The impersonal, assembly-line quality of hospital birth is: nonexistent today. more popular in the Netherlands than in the United States. becoming even more popular all around the world. criticized by many.
criticized by many
"People hit and abuse family members because they can" is a contention of _________ theory. exchange social control resource social learning
exchange
Children rarely experience psychological aggression. True False
false
Laws against marital rape are typically strongly enforced because it is a well-defined crime. True False
false
Nonemployed women are physically healthier than employed women. True False
false
The division of family roles along stereotypical gender lines does not vary by race or class. True False
false
When it comes to mate selection, opposites attract. True False
false
Women of all races are equally vulnerable to attacks by intimates. True False
false
When looking at fathers' involvement with children, we find that: fathers are more involved with daughters than with sons. fathers are more involved with older children than younger children. fathers are less involved with firstborn than later-born children. fathers spend more time in play with sons than with daughters.
fathers spend more time in play with sons than with daughters.
Barriers to marriage for low-income unmarried couples with children include which of the following? Financial concerns Correlational inferiority Acceptance of divorce Concerns about relationships with new in-laws
financial concerns
Jessica does not realize that she has power in her marriage, although she makes decisions about the care-giving for her children and sets the standard for their discipline. This kind of power is referred to as: parental. gatekeeping. maternal. dominance.
gatekeeping
Many stresses experienced by new parents may include which of the following? Concern about having too much free time General anxiety and depression Infant leisure activities Having too much money
general anxiety and depression
Men tend to see their role in housekeeping or child care as: critical to the family. their primary role. very fulfilling. "helping their partner."
helping their partner
Common characteristics of male perpetrators include all of the following except: a belief in the "traditional" home and gender-role stereotype. low self-esteem. pathological jealousy. high self-esteem.
high self-esteem
Cohabitation: reduces the risk of divorce. increases the risk of divorce. leads to beneficial marital outcomes. has the same effect on all racial and ethnic groups in predicting future divorce.
increases the risk of divorce
Common law marriage: is recognized in all states. is not recognized by most states. began in the 1970s. allows couples to break up without d
is not recognized in all states
In which of the following custody arrangements do children live with both parents, dividing time more or less equally between the two parents? Sole Joint physical Combined Split
joint physical
The increase in the number of single adults in the United States is due to all except which of the following? Delayed marriage Increasing educational options More conservative sexual and social standards An imbalance in the sex ratio
more conservative sexual and social standards
Compared to first marriages, remarriages are _____ to end in divorce. less likely more likely just as likely much less likely
more likely
According to the text, which of the following is considered to be the most difficult topic for couples to discuss? Criticism Relationship doubts In-laws Sex
relationship doubts
A father deciding whether he should attend his son's Little League game or whether he should work overtime is an example of: role conflict. interrole strain. novitiate stage. work spillover.
role conflict
If conflicts arise and one partner keeps their feelings to themselves, it is called: affiliative humor. self-gratification. self-silencing. mutual avoidance.
self-silencing
The view that family violence arises from structural stress and cultural norms is the _____ model of family violence. ecological resources social stress patriarchal
social stress
Sexual and other forms of abuse occur more frequently in households with: three or more children. stepparents. only sons. only daughters.
stepparents
When a partner avoids issues by withdrawing from the conversation it is an example of: clarification. stonewalling. defensiveness. criticism.
stonewalling
Most research on intimate and family violence comes from: domestic violence shelters. the Uniform Crime Reports. emergency room data. survey data.
survey data
The _____ trimester may be the time of the greatest difficulties in daily living. first second third "fourth" (postpartum period)
third
Every $7,500 in married women's incomes is associated with one less hour of household work. True False
true
Hypergamy is a practice also known as "marrying up." True False
true
Intention and anticipated duration are two significant factors in evaluating the unmarried experience. True False
true
Not having enough time with one's spouse is more distressing for women than for men. True False
true
One of the problems with nonverbal communication is the imprecision of its message. True False
true
Rates of singlehood declined in the 1950s. True False
true
Relationships among the unmarried are more egalitarian than among marrieds. True False
true
Relationships can become violent or abusive regardless of the gender of partners. True False
true
The duration of marriage effect looks at the accumulation of different behaviors over time. True False
true
The first honeymoons involved the drinking of honey wine. True False
true
Value theory or role theory both argue that gratification follows from finding someone who feels or thinks the same way we do. True False
true
Family work is devalued in comparison to paid work because it: involves everyone. does not require advanced education. takes place in the home. is unpaid.
unpaid
Carrie is very angry with her husband Doug. If she is like most people, she will handle her anger by _____it. rejecting or displacing displacing or denying denying or repressing venting or suppressing
venting or suppressing
The economic consequences of divorce for women are: much more severe than they were in the 1970s. less dire than they were in the past. relatively absent. less than they are for men.
less dire than they were in the past.
All of the following are distal causes of divorce except: level of conflict in the marriage. church attendance. parental divorce. education.
level of conflict in the marriage.
Today, many of the largest U.S. police forces have implemented _____ policies in which discretion is removed from police officers responding to a call about intimate violence. mandatory prosecution no-drop arrest mandatory arrest no-drop prosecution
mandatory arrest
What percentage of teenagers in a dating relationship report having been pushed, hit, or slapped by a partner? 5% 10% 15% 20%
10
In considering the effects of divorce on children, Heatherington reports that _____ of her sample of youths from divorced and remarried families was troubled and displayed a range of problems. 43% 37% 25% 20%
20%
What percentage of women who work while pregnant stay at home for the entire first year after motherhood? 5% 10% 20% 50%
20%
Intimate partners are estimated to commit ______ % of homicides against women worldwide. 10 20 40 80
40
The Centers for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that _____ paid work days were lost annually in productivity due to domestic violence. 10 million. 73 million. 5 million. 8 million
8 million
Which of the following best describes a man who routinely inflicts violence upon his wife? He believes in modern home and gender-role stereotypes. He has high self-esteem. He is sadistic or pathologically jealous. He is emotionally independent.
He is sadistic or pathologically jealous.
Marital rape is: a crime in all 50 states. addressed by laws that are strongly enforced in all 50 states. defined in the same way in all 50 states. not a crime in most states.
a crime in all 50 states.
A less common reason men give for staying at home is: retirement. school. disability. a desire to take care of the home and their family
a desire to take care of the home and their family
People in which of the following groups are least likely to be married? Caucasians Asian Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans
african americans
Employed women have ________ compared to nonemployed homemakers. less domestic support from their partners better mental health more health problems a lower sense of control
better mental health
The view that violence stems from family stress and a lack of community support is the _____ model of family violence. psychiatric ecological resources social stress and learning
ecological
Child maltreatment, in general, refers to: neglect. assigning too many chores. not allowing a child freedom to express themselves. forcing a child to attend church or school against their w
neglect
The husband's traditional role as _______ has been his most fundamental role in marriage. father provider neighbor decision-maker
provider
According to the text, an act carried out with the intention or perceived intention of causing physical pain or injury to another person is known as: neglect. violence. provocation. pedophilia.
violence
The greatest number of children who are abused are: Hispanic children. boys. whites. over the age of 12.
whites
Emotion work is primarily done by: men. women. employers. children.
women
The "traditional" division of labor involves: work being divided by age. work roles that are gendered and complementary. work roles that are the same for men and women. dividing labor depending on who is most skilled at a particular task.
work roles that are gendered and complementary.
Coping resources in dealing with unemployment include which of the following? Accepting reality Defining the meaning of the problem A feeling of mastery Displacement intervention techniques
Defining the meaning of the problem
How does dating following separation and divorce differ from premarital dating? It is more spontaneous. Sexual relationships are as satisfying for women as for men. It is not as leisurely. Finances are completely unconstrained.
It is not as leisurely.
Which of the following is true of no-fault divorce? No-fault divorce requires that a person prove they are not at fault in bringing about a divorce. No-fault divorce is allowed only in certain states. No-fault divorce forces the couple to accuse each other or prove the other responsible for the failure of their marriage. No-fault divorce is permitted in more states than fault-based divorce.
No-fault divorce is permitted in more states than fault-based divorce.
When a marriage breaks up, which group suffers separation distress? Children Parents and children Men Women
Parents and children
Based on social integration, we would expect which people to have higher divorce rates? People who are religious People who are independent People who live in rural areas People who are more involved in the community
People who are independent
The greatest social needs in dual-earner marriages include which of the following? Accepting traditional gender values and norms Providing adequate child care facilities for working parents Promoting the importance of women remaining at home for at least a year after motherhood Restructuring the workplace to meet needs of single men
Providing adequate child care facilities for working parents
Which of the following is true of American marriages? The U.S. has one of the lowest marriage rates in the industrialized world. The U.S. has one of the highest divorce rates in the world. The U.S. has one of the lowest remarriage rates in the world. The U.S. has one of the lowest divorce rates in the world for remarriages.
The U.S. has one of the highest divorce rates in the world.
How is religion related to divorce? The greater a person's commitment to religious activity, the higher the risk of divorce. The more often one goes to church, the lower the risk of divorce. Marriages in which wives attend church weekly but husbands don't are less at risk for divorce. Religion has no relationship with divorce.
The more often one goes to church, the lower the risk of divorce.
Goals of mediation include which of the following? To discourage divorcing parents to see shared parenting as a viable alternative To save the marriage if possible To increase anxiety about shared parenting To see that couples exit the marriage with less conflict
To see that couples exit the marriage with less conflict
When someone acts in sexual ways so as to interfere with another person's job performance, it is called: occupational stratification. a hostile environment. sex discrimination. a quid pro quo request.
a hostile environment.
Separation distress refers to: anxiety, fear, and pain centered on the missing partner. fear partners have that their spouse may leave them. doubt partners have when they are considering divorcing. the attacks partners often make on one another during separation.
anxiety, fear, and pain centered on the missing partner.
The women who are most at risk of nonfatal intimate partner violence are: between ages 12 and 15. between ages 20 and 24. between ages 30 and 35. over 65.
between ages 20 and 24.
When old friends are lost and new ones must be found to replace them, the ___ divorce is being experienced. community divorce economic divorce emotional divorce co-parental divorce
community divorce
Children living in ____ appear to be the worst adjusted. tranquil single-parent families happy two-parent families conflict-ridden two parent families tranquil stepfamilies
conflict-ridden two parent families
The _____ represents the number of divorces in a given year for every 1,000 people in the population. ratio measure of divorce crude divorce rate refined divorce rate predictive divorce rate
crude divorce rate
One form of abuse in same-sex couples is "outing," which refers to: disclosing another's gay orientation without consent. shaming one's partner in public. discouraging others from associating with one's partner. refusing to engage in sexual activity with a partner.
disclosing another's gay orientation without consent.
Division of property, alimony, and child support are aspects of the: emotional divorce. economic divorce. legal divorce. co-parental divorce.
economic divorce.
According to the text, many unresolved issues of the _________ divorce may be acted out during the _________divorce. psychic; co-parental emotional; legal psychic; community emotional; community
emotional; legal
Hochschild has found that when companies offered family-friendly policies, most: employees did not use them. employees used them. men used them but few women did. women used them but few men did.
employees did not use them.
Learned helplessness is characterized by all of the following ex cept : a low self-concept. feeling that she cannot control the abuse. feeling that the perpetrator really loves her but has learned he is helpless against hurting her. a process of behavioral reinforcement in which she "learns" to be helpless.
feeling that the perpetrator really loves her but has learned he is helpless against hurting her.
Beliefs about what women and men ought to do is referred to as a: gender belief system. gender ideology. gender value system. gender role orientation.
gender ideology.
Scholars suggest that divorce does not represent a devaluation of marriage but a(n): idealization of marriage. obsession with marriage. misunderstanding of marriage. rejection of marriage.
idealization of marriage.
Sibling violence: is the least common form of intrafamilial violence. is the most common form of intrafamilial violence. receives the most attention from the public. is the most responsive to treatment.
is the most common form of intrafamilial violence.
Desertion: occurred more often than divorce during the Depression. was less common than divorce during the Depression. is viewed as serious, but rarely as grounds for divorce. is recognized legally as the same as divorce.
occurred more often than divorce during the Depression.
Uncoupling: occurs in fairly predictable stages. is an intentional turning away. ends when the couple separates. is malicious.
occurs in fairly predictable stages.
All of the following are factors affecting divorce except: phenotypic features. changed nature of the family. employment status. educational level.
phenotypic features.
The ____ rate represents the number of divorces in a given year for every 1,000 marriages in the population. ratio of marriages to divorces crude divorce refined divorce predictive divorce
refined divorce
The degree of integration between individuals and the wider community is called: social integration. financial integration. cultural integration. familial integration.
social integration.
The physiological functioning of which of the following systems is impacted by marital conflict? Cardiovascular Neurological Skeletal Urinary
cardiovascular
The ______ or so following childbirth constitutes the postpartum period. nine months two months three months first year
three months
Liz is wondering if she is suitable for marriage and so she moves in with Andrew. This illustrates which type of cohabitation? Coresidential dating Substitute for marriage Precursor to marriage Trial marriage
trial marriage
About what percentage of the U. S. married, childless female population of reproductive age experience infertility? 14% 25% 30% 40%
14%
Partners must be at least ___ years of age to marry in 49 of the 50 states without parental consent. 16 17 18 21
18
Roughly ______ of those who remarry after a divorce cohabit before formally remarrying. 25% 50% 33% 75%
50%
How many cohabiting couples are in the United States? About 1 million About 5 million About 8 million About 11 million
8 million
Among the unmarried population aged 18 or older, there is a ratio of ___ men to every 100 women. 50 63 87 97
87
The racial/ethnic group with the largest percentage of unmarried individuals is: non-Hispanic whites. Asian. African American. Hispanic.
African American
Singlism is reflected by which of the following? Detestation of married couples Receiving discounts on vacation packages because of being single An inability to pass on Social Security benefits to someone after death Putting in fewer hours at work
An inability to pass on Social Security benefits to someone after death
Research has found that couples in satisfied marriages tend to do which of the following? Disclose mostly negative thoughts Engage willingly in conflict Avoid conflict at all costs Conceal private thoughts and feelings
Engage willingly in conflict
Which of the following is not one of the needs of children? Adequate care and nutrition Protection from illness Safe, nurturing, and challenging schooling New or relatively new fashion and electronic devices
New or relatively new fashion and electronic devices
Which of the following statements is true regarding attitudes about marriage? More than 80% of the population believes that marriage is obsolete. More whites believe that marriage is obsolete than blacks or Hispanics. The younger you are, the more likely you are to believe marriage is obsolete. The older you are, the more likely you are to believe marriage is obsolete.
The younger you are, the more likely you are to believe marriage is obsolete.
Parents can best foster high self-esteem in their children by doing which of the following? Telling them they are proud of them at least once a day Encouraging conformity Accepting their children as they are Allowing their children unrestrained fr
accepting their children as they are
The most important background factor in shaping marital outcomes is: socioeconomic class. age at marriage. religion. ethnicity.
age at marriage
Conflicts in marital relationships can be resolved through negotiation by which of the following? Avoidance Disengagement Agreement as a gift Insistence
agreement as a gift
Which of the following is a consequence of marital conflict? Sexual satisfaction Overconfidence STIs Alcohol abuse
alcohol abuse
According to the stimulus-value-role theory, in the stimulus stage each person is: attracted to the other. determining if they are compatible. analyzing the other's behavior. determining if the other would make a good spouse.
attracted to each other
Positive strategies for resolving conflict include all of the following except: supporting your partner. avoidance of the issue. using rational arguments. negotiation.
avoidance of the issue
The percentage of the population that is unmarried has ____ in the last four decades. been increasing been decreasing remained consistent quadrupled
been increasing
Most women form a deep attachment to their children: before birth. in the first few weeks after delivery. in the child's first year. once children begin to walk and talk.
before birth
Men tend to marry women who are: more educated. the same age. below them in age and education. above them in age and education.
below them in age and education
Compared to marriage, cohabitation tends to involve: less commitment. greater permanence. greater encouragement from others to make sacrifice for the relationship. more satisfying sexual relationships.
less commitment
Teen mothers are: more at risk of anemia than mothers who have their first child between ages 30-35. more likely to give birth to twins than are mothers between ages 30-35. more numerous today than ever before in history. more likely to attain higher education than women who have children later.
more at risk of anemia than mothers who have their first child between ages 30-35.
Carr and Springer argue that successful marriages involve all of the following except: social control. economic resources. psychosocial support and strain. political negotiation.
political negotiation
Unintended pregnancy rates are highest among: high-income, white women. poor women. There is no difference in the pregnancy rates for these groups.
poor women
According to ________, the person gaining the most from the relationship is the one who is most dependent. the principle of least interest relative love and need theory the hierarchy of rules None of these choices.
relative love and need theory
When the demands attached to any particular status are contradictory or incompatible, we experience: role overload. interrole conflict. role strain. work spillover.
role strain
Between 1960 and 2015, rates of cohabitation in the United States: rose steadily. declined steadily. increased until the 1990s and then began to decline. remained the same.
rose steadily
If Jim does not really care whether his wife Francis stays with him or not, he will have the most power in the relationship according to: the principle of least interest. resource theory. investment theory. the principle of affection.
the principle of least interest
Endogamy is: the tendency of people to marry outside their particular group. marriage to a person suffering poor health. enforced by deep taboos. the tendency to choose a mate with similar personal characteristics.
the tendency to choose a mate with similar personal characteristics.
Which statement is false regarding gay and lesbian cohabitation? About 75% of same-sex couples are raising children. Same-sex married couples have a median income higher than unmarried same-sex couples. Same-sex couples can marry in all fifty states. Lesbian couples make up slightly more than half of all same-sex households.
About 75% of same-sex couples are raising children.
Which of the following is characteristic of adoptive families? Internationally-adopted children are more often male than female. Adopted children are less likely to have some disability than biological children. Families with adopted children are economically worse off than those with biological children. Adoptive children benefit from environmentally-enriching households.
Adoptive children benefit from environmentally-enriching households.
Lauer and Lauer found which of the following to be ingredients for marital success? Believing in marriage as a short-term obligation Having a best friend other than your spouse to confide in Consensus on fundamentals such as aims and goals Being able to maintain traditional gender roles within the marriage
Consensus on fundamentals such as aims and goals
How does parenthood affect marriage? It lowers marital conflict. It leads to more involvement in leisure activities. It leads to a deterioration of marital functioning. It leads to more shared household responsibility.
It leads to a deterioration of marital functioning.
Which of the following statements is false regarding touch? Lower-status individuals do not touch people of higher status. Touch can convey intimacy. Lower-status individuals are more likely to initiate handshakes than higher-status individuals. Touch can convey dominance.
Lower-status individuals do not touch people of higher status.
Feminists criticize contemporary childbirth for which of the following reasons? Women have too much control over the birth process. Many of the medical interventions are unnecessary. Men are not included in the birth process as much as they should be. The medical profession never listens to what women need during pregnancy.
Many of the medical interventions are unnecessary.
Linda and Bill are very committed to one another and live together, but have no intentions of marrying. They like their relationship the way it is. This illustrates which type of cohabitation? Coresidential dating Substitute for marriage Precursor to marriage Trial marriage
Substitute for marriage
According to your text, barriers to communication include which of the following? Traditional male gender role Traditional female gender role Need for conflict Need for neutrality
Traditional male gender role
Comparing planned and unplanned pregnancies, we find which of the following? Unplanned pregnancies present greater risks due to lack of readiness or planning. Babies born from unintended pregnancies suffer no more physical or social disadvantage than do other babies. Mothers of unintended babies are less likely to suffer postpartum depression. Mothers of planned pregnancies are more likely to suffer depression following the delivery.
Unplanned pregnancies present greater risks due to lack of readiness or planning.
Which of the following is not a common strategy to defend against child-free stigma? Asserting a right to self-fulfillment Using fertility medications Claiming a biological deficiency Redefining the situation
Using fertility medications
Ben wants to get married, but not yet. He is busy now with school and still likes to "have a good time." Ben would be characterized as which type of single? Involuntarily and temporarily unmarried Voluntarily and temporarily unmarried Involuntarily unmarried Voluntarily and permanently unmarried
Voluntarily and temporarily unmarried
Regarding finances, cohabiting women generally have: a more precarious economic situation than men. more economic opportunities and success than men. about the same economic situation as men. have a dramatic rise in their economic status after dissolving cohabitation relationships.
a more precarious economic situation than men.
The ideology of intensive mothering refers to: an unrealistic standard against which mothers are judged. the belief that mothers are more "intense" parents than fathers. the expectation that mothers need to have two or more children to be characterized as "mothers first." the adjustment period that mothers experience in the first month after delivering a child.
an unrealistic standard against which mothers are judged.
Feminists assert that most pregnant women: should use a midwife rather than a physician when giving birth. are essentially healthy and require minimal medical management during the birth process. should all give birth in hospitals. need medical intervention to have a safe delivery.
are essentially healthy and require minimal medical management during the birth process.
The resource theory of power argues that: as resources become scarce in a marriage it tends to become a more egalitarian relationship. as wives' earning power increases, so does their decision-making in the relationship. there is no power without resources. as resources increase the man's power base becomes much weaker.
as wives' earning power increases, so does their decision-making in the relationship.
Parentified children: can experience benefits from taking care of their parents before adulthood. tend to reject careers in the helping professions as adults. are typically self-focused and self-centered as adults as a result of their early childhood experiences. are viewed as abnormal in all cultures.
can experience benefits from taking care of their parents before adulthood.
Between 2013 and 2014 fertility rates: decreased for age groups under 25 years old. decreased among Asian women. increased dramatically across populations. increased among high-school dropouts to the highest levels since 2007.
decreased for age groups under 25 years old.
The "marriage squeeze" refers to the: rise of divorce in mid-life. rise in frequency of extramarital affairs. tendency for women to marry men of higher status. gender imbalance reflected in the ratio of available unmarried women to men.
gender imbalance reflected in the ratio of available unmarried women to men.
Marriages that are homogamous tend to be more stable than those that are heterogamous because: homogamous couples may have more approval from relatives. homogamous couples are probably less conventional. heterogamous couples are likely to be rigid in their beliefs. homogamous couples may have considerably different values.
homogamous couples may have more approval from relatives
Studying singles and family helps us to appreciate that: biological families are best. many people "do family" in less conventional ways. many family members are uncaring or "fictive kin." singles tend to be people for whom family is relatively unimportant.
many people "do family" in less conventional ways.
Those who engage in serial cohabitation: are less likely to divorce after marrying. more than double their risk of divorcing after marriage. typically learn from previous mistakes and have more rewarding relationships. rarely marry.
more than double their risk of divorcing after marriage.
The number of births to unmarried women in 2010 was: lower than in 1980. half the number found in 1940. more than twice as high as the number in 1980. the same as it was in 1970.
more than twice as high as the number in 1980.
According to the text, each of the following is a function of engagement except: the beginning of serious lifelong plans. preparing couples for future divorce. the beginning of kinship with each other's families. the strengthening of the partners as a couple.
preparing couples for future divorce.
Domestic partnerships are: recognized by most Fortune 500 companies. the same as common law marriages. only allowed for heterosexual couples. not offered by state or government agencie
recognized by most Fortune 500 companies.
When mothers and fathers feel they have or spend too little time with their children, life satisfaction is: slightly reduced for mothers and fathers. greatly reduced for mothers and fathers. significantly reduced for fathers but not for mothers. significantly reduced for mothers but not for fathers.
significantly reduced for mothers but not for fathers.
When comparing past and present attitudes toward singles, we find that: singlehood is less stigmatized today. pressure to marry is greater today than in the past. people feel more guilt today than in the past if they are unmarried. media casts marriage in a more favorable light than in the past.
singlehood is less stigmatized today.
Marital satisfaction is associated with each of the following except: that the two partners are believed to be meant to be married. the belief that the marriage should always be individualized. that religion plays a role in the marriage. the idea that marriage is sacred.
the belief that the marriage should always be individualized.
The marriage debate refers to the debate about whether: marriage is becoming more or less popular. marriage has become more or less stable over time the family is in decline or dynamic, changing, and resilient. the duration of marriage effect truly exists.
the family is in decline or dynamic, changing, and resilient.
Research on gay and lesbian parents compared with children of heterosexual parents reveals that: there are differences in these children's gender identity. there are differences in gender-role behavior. children with gay and lesbian parents experience more behavioral problems. there are no significant differences in gender identities or gender-role behavior.
there are no significant differences in gender identities or gender-role behavior.
Marriage and family counselors: are licensed medical doctors. are clergy who have special training in addition to their religious studies. typically have a master's degree and additional training to be eligible for state board exams. can prescribe medication.
typically have a master's degree and additional training to be eligible for state board exams.
During pregnancy: women tend to lose interest in sexual activity in the second trimester. women tend to lose interest in sexual activity in the third trimester. women tend to lose interest in sexual activity in the first trimester. there is no change in women's interest in sexual activity throughout the pregnancy.
women tend to lose interest in sexual activity in the third trimester.
