Marriage & Family Exam 1

Today, women compose __________ percent of Congress.

20

Individuals living alone constitute about ______ percent of American households.

27

Individuals' choices depend largely on the ________ that exist in their social environment.

Alternatives

________________ is made up of the ideas and feelings about the uniqueness and value of one's family unit, which often emerges in family traditions, rituals and celebrations.

Family identity

Which of the following is true about the age at marriage today?

It is the highest recorded since the 1890 census

The most generalizable findings are most likely to be found in a survey with

a representative sample

Evolutionary perspectives stress that stratification and the division of labor in society shape gender roles. In this view, it is __________ that produce the gendered behavior we see.

adaptive strategies and skills

Men are expected to have _________ character traits like strength, self-confidence, assertiveness, and ambition.

agentic

In Kimmel's typology of camps within the men's movement, which group works to counter feminist interests by attending to men's rights?

antifeminists

In 1957, the total fertility rate was about 3.6 children per woman. For the last 25 years, it has been __________ child/children per woman.

around 2

A photograph in the text depicts individuals waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might speculate about whether the children seem to be secure, insecure/anxious or avoidant towards their parents?

attachment theorists

As families have become less traditional, the legal definition of a family has

become much more flexible

Traditionally, both law and social science specified that the family consisted of people related by

blood,marriage, or adoption

A practice among schoolmates involves _______, in which many cross-sexual interaction rituals are based on and reaffirm boundaries and differences between girls and boys.

borderwork

Since the 9/11 attacks, the so-called "can-do" man tackles traumatic events head-on

but also feels free to express emotion.

In biology-based arguments of gender, a predisposition ________.

can be influenced by the social structure

Traditionally, the ideal woman has several stereotypical traits. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

career ambition

Which of the following is NOT a style of relating, according to attachment theory?

complaint

In an experiment, the ______ group receives no special intervention.

control

Over the past five decades, fertility in the US has

declined

Family systems theory emphasizes that family systems seek _________, or stable balance and symmetry

equilibrium

People are influenced by the society around them. Societal or structural conditions can negatively limit or positively__________ our options.

expand

A(n) __________ is possible when the researcher has a large amount of control over the various aspects of the phenomena under study.

experiment

A photograph in the text depicts individuals waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might remark on the quality of the facilities or speculate about the home that these people live in?

family ecologists

A strength of the __________ perspective is that it challenges the idea that family success depends solely on individual effort.

family ecology

A photograph in the text depicts individuals waiting patiently for medical attention in a neighborhood clinic. Which group of scholars might point out that, typically, it is mothers and not fathers who are primarily responsible for their children's health—and ask why?

feminists

Parents, teachers, and pediatricians wrestle with issues of ________ and how much children should be able to define themselves if they are like the "other" gender.

gender variance

Representative samples (like Gallup polls) are important to family survey research because the results can be ________ to the national population of the sample.

generalized

Suzanne and Paul obtained a complete list of all 500 students in their marriage and family class. Starting with the first student on the list, each student was assigned a number ranging from 1 to 500. Then, Paul and Suzanne selected for their study every 10th number on the list. Clearly, they were trying to ensure that their research

had a representative sample

The divorce rate

has been in decline since 1980.

The text point out that each data collection technique

has strengths and weaknesses

The text lists three proposals to help boys to adjust better to our educational system. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

having less recesses

Which of the following is NOT a neighborhood risk factor which puts children at greater risk for negative outcomes including violence?

homogeneous neighborhoods

The Census Bureau uses which of the following terms to describe a person or a group of people residing together?

household

Compared to 50 years ago, marriage is not as __________ to Americans

important

Valuing personal happiness and goals and the development of distinct identity is a(n) ________ value.

individualistic

The question of how two previously separate individuals come together and over time create a shared view of themselves as a couple would be best answered using which perspective?

interaction-constructionist

African American and Latino women consider racial/ethnic as well as gender discrimination in setting their priorities. In fact, their feminist views are characterized by ___________, or structural connections among race, class, and gender.

intersectionality

Which is the correct term for a person who has been born with ambiguous genital anatomy?

intersexual

The text concludes that the best way to make decisions about our personal lives is to make them

knowledgeably

Collecting data over a period of years using documented materials would reflect a(n)

longitudinal study

Overall, gender schema theorists see gender schema as __________ traditional stereotypes

maintaining

The text observes that there are three major culturally defined obligations in masculinity. Which of the following is NOT one of those obligations?

portraying emotional openness

In Kimmel's typology of camps within the men's movement, which group supports feminists in their opposition to patriarchy?

profeminists

A feminine expectation that has emerged over the past thirty years is that of the "__________ woman," who is independent, ambitious, and self-confident.

professional

According to the family life course development framework, each developmental task has a certain order in which major transitions to adult roles take place, called _______.

role sequencing

Children learn social roles by imitating the behaviors of parents, siblings, and family members through a type of play called ___________

role-taking

__________ refers to male or female anatomy and physiology

sex

Through the lens of social scientific research, individual choices are shaped by

social factors

The text observes that children imitate models for behavior and are rewarded by parents and others for whatever is perceived as sex-appropriate behavior. This reflects which theory of socialization?

social learning

The conflict perspective is the opposite of the___________; it assumes that not all family behaviors and practices contribute to family well-being.

structure-functional theory

Cohabitation has emerged as a lifestyle

that can be alternative to marriage

Economic uncertainty caused by _________________ is a current societal trend impacting families.

the recession that began in 2007

A possible disadvantage of the family ecology perspective is that it is

too broad and inclusive

While part of being a scientist is having objectivity, in reality

total neutrality is impossible for anyone

Persons who change gender identity are referred to as

transgender

Individuals who change their physical anatomy through sex-reassignment surgery are

transsexuals

The U.S. Census Bureau defines a family as

two or more persons sharing a household and who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption.

Theoretical perspectives are ways of

viewing reality; or ways an observer may view, organize and interpret reality.

A person who believed in the "family-decline" theory might say the following:

"There has been a serious breakdown in marriage and family values."