Marriage and Family Final NEMCC

In 1976, the U.S. total fertility rate dropped to the lowest level ever recorded, which was

1.7

About ______ million children under age 18 live in single-parent households.

20

The number of one-child families continues a steady increase, making up about _______ percent of American families.

20

Around 1950, family sociologists described a standard pattern of marriage at about age 20 for women and age ____ for men

22

Seventy-two percent of Americans ages 18 and older were married in 1960, compared with _____ percent in 2014.

49

From 1940 to 1960, approximately __________ percent of all births were to unmarried women.

5

About____ percent of children who are raised in poverty have emotional or behavioral difficulties.

8

Intimate terrorism is

A method of establishing power

Regarding international adoption, in 2000, most children were adopted from

Asia

The abortion ratio is highest among black and ____ women

Asian/Pacific Islander

Studies comparing marriages with and without children consistently report marital happiness to be higher in

Families with no children

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest fertility rate in the U.S ?

Hispanics

According to race/ethnicity, victimization rates are highest for __________ women.

Native American

_____or having more than one spouse, is culturally accepted in many parts of the world.

Polygamy

Which United States Supreme Court decision legalized abortion throughout the United States?

Roe vs. Wade

According to family historian Stephanie Coontz, the institution of marriage has changed from being seen as damental unit of work and politics to being ________.

a haven in a heartless world

One year into marriage, the average spouse says 'I love you,' hugs and kisses their partner, makes their partner laugh, and has sexual intercourse _________ as often as when they were newly wed.

about half

Considerable research has shown that on average, in comparison with children in first-marriage families stepchildren of all ages

are somewhat less well-adjusted

In comparison with teens in intact families, older teenage and young adult children in stepfamilies leave home

at significantly lower ages.

Children who have experienced disrupted or dissolved adoption events may suffer from what is called_____ disorder.

attachment

Which parenting style is preferred by child psychologists?

authoritative

Personal power is also referred to as

autonomy

Discipline is never appropriate for _______.

babies

Enrique and Nicole were civil yet distant in their relationship. They never had conflict, but also never slept together and rarely spoke to one another in intimate ways. According to Huston and Melz, which type of marriage do they have?

bland

Cohabiting stepfamilies are more likely to experience __________ than are remarried stepfamilies.

boundary ambiguity

There seems to be a connection between childlessness and _______

career commitment

Policy advocates from a marital_____ perspective are mainly concerned about the high number and proportions of parents and children living in poverty

change

__________ lower the likelihood of remarriage for both men and women.

children

The silent treatment is a form of __________ power.

coercive

Arranged marriage has characterized __________ societies.

collectivistic

In a(n) ____ marriage, the husband was expected mainly to be a hard-working provider, and the wife a good housekeeper and cook

companionate

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has _____ over the past several decades

declined significantly

The divorce rate has ________ in the last two decades.

decreased

Counselors generally advise that an important aspect of learning to disagree involves expressing anger

directly

Both equal and unequal partners may engage in a cycle of power politics, the cumulative effect of which is to

distance and loneliness for both spouses

Counselors encourage making time for play and new activities in a relationship, partly because new experiences release a neurochemical called ____________ that acts on the pleasure center in the brain.

dopamine

Until a few decades ago, the vast majority of U.S. mothers had their first child in their

early twenties

According to the value of children perspective, children were viewed as

economic assets

Frequent verbal threats and routine comments that damage a person's self-esteem is referred to as

emotional abuse

Allowing children to witness violence between partners might be construed as

emotional child abuse

One therapeutic approach to stopping family violence involves teaching _____, the ability to experience the condition of another person and care how that person feels.

empathy

Parents and children, along with other relatives such as in-laws, grandparents, aunts and uncles, and cousins are included in the_____ family.

extended

As adolescents search for identity and begin to define who they are and will be as adults, they need help from their parents. Which one of these is NOT a need listed by the text?

financial incentive

Remarrying women generally benefit __________ more than do remarrying men..

financially

The goal of ____ is to provide planned, time-limited, substitute care for children who cannot be adequately cared for at home

foster care

It appears that most couples currently want which type of marriage model?

gender-modified egalitarian

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in the last 50 years, the marriage rate has __________.

generally declined

_____ parenting combines warm emotional support for children with a demand for significant respect for parents and other authority figures, including older extended family members.

hierarchical

According to the text, spanking refers to

hitting a child with an open hand without causing physical injury

According to the latest government statistics available, remarriages have been less ____ than first marriages.

homogamous

In a(n) _______ marriage, which dominates Americans' goals for marriage today, partners expect companionship and intimacy as well as more practical benefits.

individualized

In a(n) ______marriage, coming together as husband and wife was based on dutiful adherence to the time-honored marriage premise, particularly the norm of permanence.

institutional

Family system theory emphasizes _____ in family relationships

interdependence

Children who report, "I am unhappy a lot," or "I worry a lot," are evidencing __________ behavioral problems associated with emotional or psychological problems.

internalizing

Considerable research supports the overall conclusion that growing up with married parents

is better for children

Keeping love involves_______ -a task largely accomplished by little gestures of appreciation, such as a touch or hug. and also simply by listening with genuine interest.

letting our loved ones know how much we care and appreciate them

Compared to married mothers, single mothers are more likely to be

living in poverty

What is the key function of marriage for most Americans?

love and ongoing emotional support

In a traditional society, _____ is legitimate power

male authority

Social psychologist John Gottman has made his reputation in the field of

marital communication

Cohabitants and those who have been previously divorced are especially likely to maintain separate

money

Many fathers are ______ than several decades ago.

more emotionally involved

Compared with family members in unmarried households, spouses as a category have

more frequent sex

According to John Gottman and his colleagues, anger, sadness, whining, disgust, tension and fear, belligerence, contempt, and defensiveness are all examples of

negative affect

Male infertility accounts for fertility difficulties in approximately_____ of couples seeking infertility treatment

one-third

Janet is employed as an executive within a major corporation. When she decided to have a child, she stepped down from this position, thus giving up a six-figure income. Janet's situation illustrates which of the following "costs?"

opportunity

________ are the things most parents must give up in order to have children.

opportunity costs

Parents, brothers, and sisters are part of a person's family of

orientation

Chronic criticism, nagging, nitpicking, and sarcasm are all forms of

passive aggression

The ____ parent's style is indulgent, and often leads to the classic spoiled child

permissive

Which parenting style is characterized by low parental monitoring and low parental warmth?

permissive-emotional neglect

What is the most commonly used birth- control method

pill

______ involves the expression, either verbal or nonverbal, of one's feelings of affection toward another.

positive affect

According to the text, permanence and sexual exclusivity are two very important elements of the marriage

premise

In accordance with the stress model of parental effectiveness, single mothers have several stressors which can lead to less effective parenting behaviors. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

private safety net

Spouses and children are part of a person's family of

procreation

In the United States, the mother is expected to be the child's primary _____ parent, assuming the major emotional responsibility for the safety and upbringing of her children.

psychological

Brad and Jan have recently adopted a child through a licensed agency. This example reflects __________ adoption.

public

Another challenge to remarried families is that roles of stepchild and stepparent are

rather uncertain.

Some people divorce, remarry, redivorce, and then marry again. But a majority of remarriages are__________ marriages.

second

According to the ____ hypothesis many of the benefits of marriage result from the personal characteristics of those who marry

selection

Recent decades have seen a ___ in mens share of housework

significant increase

Embryo transfer technology, along with surrogacy, creates the possibility that a child could have three mothers. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

spiritual mother

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major social institutions as identified by social scientists?

sports

Evidence shows that children, especially when they are young. tend to have which of the following influences on marriage

stabilization

As wards of the court, foster children are financially supported by

state

Considerable research shows that remarried experience more tension and conflict than do first marri usually on issues related to

stepchildren-discipline or distribution of resources to stepchildren

Because some of America's values, laws, employment policies, and culture are slanted against parents and their children, some scholars have warned that our society is characterized by

structural antinatalism

Significant changes have taken place in American childbearing patterns in the decades since World War I1. Which is NOT one of these changes discussed by the text?

teen pregnancies are on the rise

The number of births to unmarried women has declined recently, probably because of

the Great Recession that began in late 2007.

emotional intelligence includes all EXCEPT which of the following?

the ability to analyze the situation intelligently

For Hispanics today, la familia means

the extended as well as the nuclear family.

Marriage partners now expect love and emotional intimacy, open communication, role flexibility, gender equality, and personal growth. Which does this describe?

the individualized marriage bond

Historically, marriage and family had two important functions: (1) guaranteeing property rights, and (2)_______

the responsible upbringing of children

Because it seems almost an impossible job, the stepmother role has been described as the "stepmother ________."

trap

Today, ____ children constitute Americans' ideal family size.

two

Polls show that both male and female spouses are far more likely than others to say that they are "very happy." Nearly __________ of marrieds say they are "very happy," compared to less than half of unmarrieds.

two-thirds

In a 2008 survey, about half of all pregnancies to American women were reported as being __________.

unintended

Changing marital power patterns can be difficult, even for couples who talk about it, because these patterns

usually have been established from the earliest days of the relationship.

IPV perpetrators and victims tend to be

young adults