Marriage and Family Final NEMCC
In 1976, the U.S. total fertility rate dropped to the lowest level ever recorded, which was
1.7
About ______ million children under age 18 live in single-parent households.
20
The number of one-child families continues a steady increase, making up about _______ percent of American families.
20
Around 1950, family sociologists described a standard pattern of marriage at about age 20 for women and age ____ for men
22
Seventy-two percent of Americans ages 18 and older were married in 1960, compared with _____ percent in 2014.
49
From 1940 to 1960, approximately __________ percent of all births were to unmarried women.
5
About____ percent of children who are raised in poverty have emotional or behavioral difficulties.
8
Intimate terrorism is
A method of establishing power
Regarding international adoption, in 2000, most children were adopted from
Asia
The abortion ratio is highest among black and ____ women
Asian/Pacific Islander
Studies comparing marriages with and without children consistently report marital happiness to be higher in
Families with no children
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest fertility rate in the U.S ?
Hispanics
According to race/ethnicity, victimization rates are highest for __________ women.
Native American
_____or having more than one spouse, is culturally accepted in many parts of the world.
Polygamy
Which United States Supreme Court decision legalized abortion throughout the United States?
Roe vs. Wade
According to family historian Stephanie Coontz, the institution of marriage has changed from being seen as damental unit of work and politics to being ________.
a haven in a heartless world
One year into marriage, the average spouse says 'I love you,' hugs and kisses their partner, makes their partner laugh, and has sexual intercourse _________ as often as when they were newly wed.
about half
Considerable research has shown that on average, in comparison with children in first-marriage families stepchildren of all ages
are somewhat less well-adjusted
In comparison with teens in intact families, older teenage and young adult children in stepfamilies leave home
at significantly lower ages.
Children who have experienced disrupted or dissolved adoption events may suffer from what is called_____ disorder.
attachment
Which parenting style is preferred by child psychologists?
authoritative
Personal power is also referred to as
autonomy
Discipline is never appropriate for _______.
babies
Enrique and Nicole were civil yet distant in their relationship. They never had conflict, but also never slept together and rarely spoke to one another in intimate ways. According to Huston and Melz, which type of marriage do they have?
bland
Cohabiting stepfamilies are more likely to experience __________ than are remarried stepfamilies.
boundary ambiguity
There seems to be a connection between childlessness and _______
career commitment
Policy advocates from a marital_____ perspective are mainly concerned about the high number and proportions of parents and children living in poverty
change
__________ lower the likelihood of remarriage for both men and women.
children
The silent treatment is a form of __________ power.
coercive
Arranged marriage has characterized __________ societies.
collectivistic
In a(n) ____ marriage, the husband was expected mainly to be a hard-working provider, and the wife a good housekeeper and cook
companionate
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has _____ over the past several decades
declined significantly
The divorce rate has ________ in the last two decades.
decreased
Counselors generally advise that an important aspect of learning to disagree involves expressing anger
directly
Both equal and unequal partners may engage in a cycle of power politics, the cumulative effect of which is to
distance and loneliness for both spouses
Counselors encourage making time for play and new activities in a relationship, partly because new experiences release a neurochemical called ____________ that acts on the pleasure center in the brain.
dopamine
Until a few decades ago, the vast majority of U.S. mothers had their first child in their
early twenties
According to the value of children perspective, children were viewed as
economic assets
Frequent verbal threats and routine comments that damage a person's self-esteem is referred to as
emotional abuse
Allowing children to witness violence between partners might be construed as
emotional child abuse
One therapeutic approach to stopping family violence involves teaching _____, the ability to experience the condition of another person and care how that person feels.
empathy
Parents and children, along with other relatives such as in-laws, grandparents, aunts and uncles, and cousins are included in the_____ family.
extended
As adolescents search for identity and begin to define who they are and will be as adults, they need help from their parents. Which one of these is NOT a need listed by the text?
financial incentive
Remarrying women generally benefit __________ more than do remarrying men..
financially
The goal of ____ is to provide planned, time-limited, substitute care for children who cannot be adequately cared for at home
foster care
It appears that most couples currently want which type of marriage model?
gender-modified egalitarian
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in the last 50 years, the marriage rate has __________.
generally declined
_____ parenting combines warm emotional support for children with a demand for significant respect for parents and other authority figures, including older extended family members.
hierarchical
According to the text, spanking refers to
hitting a child with an open hand without causing physical injury
According to the latest government statistics available, remarriages have been less ____ than first marriages.
homogamous
In a(n) _______ marriage, which dominates Americans' goals for marriage today, partners expect companionship and intimacy as well as more practical benefits.
individualized
In a(n) ______marriage, coming together as husband and wife was based on dutiful adherence to the time-honored marriage premise, particularly the norm of permanence.
institutional
Family system theory emphasizes _____ in family relationships
interdependence
Children who report, "I am unhappy a lot," or "I worry a lot," are evidencing __________ behavioral problems associated with emotional or psychological problems.
internalizing
Considerable research supports the overall conclusion that growing up with married parents
is better for children
Keeping love involves_______ -a task largely accomplished by little gestures of appreciation, such as a touch or hug. and also simply by listening with genuine interest.
letting our loved ones know how much we care and appreciate them
Compared to married mothers, single mothers are more likely to be
living in poverty
What is the key function of marriage for most Americans?
love and ongoing emotional support
In a traditional society, _____ is legitimate power
male authority
Social psychologist John Gottman has made his reputation in the field of
marital communication
Cohabitants and those who have been previously divorced are especially likely to maintain separate
money
Many fathers are ______ than several decades ago.
more emotionally involved
Compared with family members in unmarried households, spouses as a category have
more frequent sex
According to John Gottman and his colleagues, anger, sadness, whining, disgust, tension and fear, belligerence, contempt, and defensiveness are all examples of
negative affect
Male infertility accounts for fertility difficulties in approximately_____ of couples seeking infertility treatment
one-third
Janet is employed as an executive within a major corporation. When she decided to have a child, she stepped down from this position, thus giving up a six-figure income. Janet's situation illustrates which of the following "costs?"
opportunity
________ are the things most parents must give up in order to have children.
opportunity costs
Parents, brothers, and sisters are part of a person's family of
orientation
Chronic criticism, nagging, nitpicking, and sarcasm are all forms of
passive aggression
The ____ parent's style is indulgent, and often leads to the classic spoiled child
permissive
Which parenting style is characterized by low parental monitoring and low parental warmth?
permissive-emotional neglect
What is the most commonly used birth- control method
pill
______ involves the expression, either verbal or nonverbal, of one's feelings of affection toward another.
positive affect
According to the text, permanence and sexual exclusivity are two very important elements of the marriage
premise
In accordance with the stress model of parental effectiveness, single mothers have several stressors which can lead to less effective parenting behaviors. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
private safety net
Spouses and children are part of a person's family of
procreation
In the United States, the mother is expected to be the child's primary _____ parent, assuming the major emotional responsibility for the safety and upbringing of her children.
psychological
Brad and Jan have recently adopted a child through a licensed agency. This example reflects __________ adoption.
public
Another challenge to remarried families is that roles of stepchild and stepparent are
rather uncertain.
Some people divorce, remarry, redivorce, and then marry again. But a majority of remarriages are__________ marriages.
second
According to the ____ hypothesis many of the benefits of marriage result from the personal characteristics of those who marry
selection
Recent decades have seen a ___ in mens share of housework
significant increase
Embryo transfer technology, along with surrogacy, creates the possibility that a child could have three mothers. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
spiritual mother
Which of the following is NOT one of the five major social institutions as identified by social scientists?
sports
Evidence shows that children, especially when they are young. tend to have which of the following influences on marriage
stabilization
As wards of the court, foster children are financially supported by
state
Considerable research shows that remarried experience more tension and conflict than do first marri usually on issues related to
stepchildren-discipline or distribution of resources to stepchildren
Because some of America's values, laws, employment policies, and culture are slanted against parents and their children, some scholars have warned that our society is characterized by
structural antinatalism
Significant changes have taken place in American childbearing patterns in the decades since World War I1. Which is NOT one of these changes discussed by the text?
teen pregnancies are on the rise
The number of births to unmarried women has declined recently, probably because of
the Great Recession that began in late 2007.
emotional intelligence includes all EXCEPT which of the following?
the ability to analyze the situation intelligently
For Hispanics today, la familia means
the extended as well as the nuclear family.
Marriage partners now expect love and emotional intimacy, open communication, role flexibility, gender equality, and personal growth. Which does this describe?
the individualized marriage bond
Historically, marriage and family had two important functions: (1) guaranteeing property rights, and (2)_______
the responsible upbringing of children
Because it seems almost an impossible job, the stepmother role has been described as the "stepmother ________."
trap
Today, ____ children constitute Americans' ideal family size.
two
Polls show that both male and female spouses are far more likely than others to say that they are "very happy." Nearly __________ of marrieds say they are "very happy," compared to less than half of unmarrieds.
two-thirds
In a 2008 survey, about half of all pregnancies to American women were reported as being __________.
unintended
Changing marital power patterns can be difficult, even for couples who talk about it, because these patterns
usually have been established from the earliest days of the relationship.
IPV perpetrators and victims tend to be
young adults