Marriage answers?
The American Psychological Association has taken the position that
"abortion is a safe procedure that carries few. . .psychological risks."
Some career women choose to __________ the labor force in order to stay home with their children for a time.
"opting out" of
What percentage of new mothers experience postpartum depression?
10%
About __________ percent of children who are raised in poverty have emotional or behavioral difficulties.
11
On average, American women are now having around __________ children each.
2
In 2000, there were more than __________ adopted children in U.S. households.
2 million
An estimate of the cost of raising a child born in 2007 to the age of 18 for middle-income families was
269,000
An estimated __________ Americans are taking care of their aging parents.
34 million
Today, approximately __________ percent of all marriages involve a remarriage of one or both partners.
40
By the time they enter school, an estimated __________ percent of children have had "regular care" in child-care centers, family day care, nursery schools or preschools, or with relatives.
44
According to the Stepfamily Association of America, about __________ percent of remarriages end in divorce.
60
In general, __________ men spend more time in unpaid family work than do Caucasian men.
African American
In which of the following race/ethnic categories are children least likely to be living in two-parent families?
African American
The __________ middle class remains vulnerable to discrimination.
African American
Which ethnic group has the greatest percentage of children living with their biological mother and a stepfather, at 13 %?
African American
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest proportion of nonmarital births?
African American
Racial/ethnic stereotyping often gives us an exaggerated, negative image of __________ as parents.
African Americans and Latinos
Regarding international adoption, in 2000, most children were adopted from
Asia.
Of all racial/ethnic categories, __________ women were the most likely to hold managerial or professional jobs in 2005.
Asian American
As noted in the text, which of the following terms is often used now instead of the more negative sounding childless?
Childfree.
__________ lower the likelihood of remarriage for both men and women.
Children
Which of the following is NOT one of Melinda Blau's general guidelines for co-parents?
Communicate through your children.
__________ involves making disapproving judgments or evaluations of one's partner.
Criticism
__________ means preparing to defend oneself against what one presumes is an upcoming attack.
Defensiveness
Traditionally in American society, children were viewed as:
Economic assets.
__________ involves providing assistance with daily living activities to an elderly relative who is chronically frail, ill, disabled, or just in need of assistance.
Elder care
Your text lists several disadvantages to having a one-child family. Which of the following is NOT one of these disadvantages?
Family passes and discounts are unavailable.
__________ involves flexible starting and ending times with required core hours.
Flextime
According to the text, a stepfather can react to difficulties in finding a place in a new family in at least four ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
He may become a "shrinking violet."
__________ parenting combines warm emotional support for children with a demand for significant respect for parents and other authority figures, including older extended family members.
Hierarchical
The labor force emerged during the __________.
Industrial Revolution
When only a "fault" divorce statute was available, in which state was adultery the only practicable grounds for divorce?
New York
__________ divorce laws, which exist in all fifty states, have eliminated legal concepts of guilt and are a symbolic representation of how our society now views divorce.
No-fault
___________ are biological or, much less often, adoptive fathers who do not live with their children.
Nonresident fathers
__________ involves the expression, either verbal or nonverbal, of one's feelings of affection toward another.
Positive affect
Brad and Jan have recently adopted a child through a licensed agency. This example reflects __________ adoption.
Public.
Which United States Supreme Court decision legalized abortion throughout the United States?
Roe v. Wade
Women who worked full time in 2008 earned __________ cents for every dollar earned by men.
Women who worked full time in 2008 earned __________ cents for every dollar earned by men.
Charlene is a single mother with low income. She receives a government grant based on the number of children she has. Charlene's situation reflects
a children's allowance.
James feels that he has an unhappy marriage: He has been angry with his wife for a long time, but he won't express it openly. James's behavior reflects
a refusal to express anger.
Employed wives contribute about __________of a family's income.
a third
One year into marriage, the average spouse says 'I love you,' hugs and kisses their partner, makes their partner laugh, and has sexual intercourse _________ as often as when they were newly wed.
about half
One counselor team referenced in the text has suggested "__________ therapy": helping partners accept their spouses as they are instead of demanding change.
acceptance
Visitation rights (and corresponding support obligation) of stepparents
are beginning to be legally clarified.
If a stepparent dies without a will, stepchildren __________ legally entitled to an inheritance.
are not
The text points out that parenting is probably more satisfying for parents and effective for children when both parents use which parenting style?
authoritative
Upper-middle-class parents tend to use which parenting style?
authoritative
Which parenting style is preferred by child psychologists?
authoritative
The text points out that the pivotal task for all couples is to
balance each partner's need for autonomy with the simultaneous need for intimacy and togetherness.
The text points out that children, fear of losing the child, religion, and a lack of financial resources are sometimes perceived by spouses as __________ divorce.
barriers to
The good divorce does not end a family but instead produces a __________—two households, one family.
binuclear family
Cohabiting stepfamilies are more likely to experience __________ than are remarried stepfamilies.
boundary ambiguity
There seems to be a connection between childlessness and _____________
career commitment.
In communicating with each other, Naveed asks Tasha if his perception of her feelings is accurate. His behavior reflects
checking-it-out.
Studies comparing marriages with and without children consistently report marital happiness to be higher in
child-free unions.
The text observes that today, more and more stepfamilies result from
cohabitation.
In his most recent publications, Nick Stinnett has used the term "strong families," by which he largely means
cohesive.
Dana and David have recently divorced. Each of them has discovered that their relationships with extended kin and with friends have changed rather dramatically since the dissolution of their marriage. These circumstances reflect which "station" of divorce?
community
__________ theorists would be most likely to observe that marital discord may increase if women go into the job market but their husbands do not take over an equitable share of the domestic tasks.
conflict.
Women's remarriage rate is __________ men's.
considerably lower than
The feeling that one's spouse is inferior or undesirable reflects
contempt.
ENRICH and PREP are training programs for married couples that emphasize
couple communication.
Which of the following options requires spouses to prove fault or live apart for a certain length of time in order to obtain a divorce?
covenant marriage
Folktales like Snow White, Cinderella, and Hansel and Gretel reflect the view of stepmothers as
cruel, vain, selfish, competitive, and even abusive.
Children living in poverty are more often __________ than other children.
disabled or chronically ill
From a review of the literature about couples who decided not to have children, which of the following is NOT one of motives for childlessness?
dislike of children
Chris is angry with her husband John for spending too much time and energy on his business endeavors, but she expresses hatred for his very expensive car. This is an illustration of
displacement.
Research shows that both stepmothers and stepfathers play their roles with more __________ than do biological parents—more like friends than monitoring parents.
distance
Today, the vast majority of remarrieds have been __________.
divorced
According to the text, the nuclear-family model
does not work well for most remarried families.
Counselors encourage making time for play and new activities in a relationship, partly because new experiences release a pleasurable neurochemical called ____________
dopamine.
Recent research suggests that men are more apt to see women's employment as a benefit. As a result, the text points out, there is an ideological shift toward
egalitarianism.
David and Patricia have been married for ten years. They no longer reinforce, but rather undermine each other's self-esteem through endless large and small betrayals; they blame, rather than comfort each other. These conditions reflect the __________ "station" of divorce.
emotional
Only since the Industrial Revolution has working been considered separate from family living, and only since then have the concepts of __________ emerged.
employed and unemployed
According to the text's discussion, conflict is
experienced in even the happiest of couples.
The text refers to the emotional bonding of family members with the term
family cohesion.
Some large corporations demonstrate interest in effecting __________ workplace policies that are supportive of employee efforts to combine family and work commitments.
family-friendly
Enough remarriages involve stepchildren that travel packages market the "__________," a honeymoon that includes the entire new stepfamily.
familymoon
Remarrying women generally benefit __________ more than do remarrying men..
financially
Therapists agree that creating a supportive stepfamily takes time—from __________ years.
four to seven
Sociologist Jessie Bernard asserted that the __________ role for men emerged in the United States during the 1830s.
good provider
Jack is a grandparent and acts as the primary parent for his two grandchildren. Jack's situation is referred to in the text as a __________ family.
grandparent.
Marriage was originally a social institution directed toward the practical purposes of economic support and responsible child rearing. Today, marriage tends to be viewed as a
happy, emotionally supportive relationship.
Most observers (though not all) conclude that the divorce rate ___________.
has stabilized for the time being
On average, in comparison with their counterparts from stable households, adult children of divorced parents
have weaker ties to their divorced parents.
Studies show that good parenting involves at least four factors. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
having siblings who are experienced with parenting
According to the text, spanking refers to
hitting a child with an open hand without causing physical injury.
Brad and Janet have been married for 10 years. Janet is a prosecuting attorney. Brad stays home to care for the house and family. The text would identify Brad as a
househusband.
Men with children work __________compared to childless men, on average.
increased hours
The text lists several advantages to later parenthood. Which is NOT one of these?
late mothers were eager to become grandmothers
Wallerstein and her colleagues followed their sample of children of divorce for ten years. In terms of the impact of divorce on these children ten years later and after, the overall impression left by their research is one of
loss.
The text points out that it is impossible to __________ when a person is in the "hating my partner, wanting-revenge, feeling-stung-and-needing-to-sting-back" state of mind.
make an "I" statement
Crosby points out that, with all good intentions, instead of "working at relationships," couples end up
making work of relationships.
Which of the following terms in the textbook refers to the duration of marriage?
marital stability
Working for pay—in contrast to unpaid labor in the home—is sometimes called __________.
market work
Under "fault" divorce statutes, which of the following grounds was the most easily proven?
mental cruelty
In the United States, as part of a patriarchal system of law, divorced fathers were automatically given custody of their children until the __________ century.
mid-nineteenth
According to the text, fathers are spending __________ time with their children in comparison to the past.
more
It is estimated that __________ children under age 18 are living in a grandparent's household.
more than 3.6 million
Between 1960 and a peak in 1979, the refined divorce rate
more than doubled.
In the __________ approach, the couple prefers that the wife care for the children.
mothering
According to John Gottman and his colleagues, anger, sadness, whining, disgust, tension and fear, belligerence, contempt, and defensiveness are all examples of
negative affect.
The proportion of one-child families in America appears to be growing due to at least three factors. Which of the following is NOT one of these
negative personal experiences with siblings from childhood
The new image of a "good" father in today's society says that fathers __________.
not only take financial responsibility but also are actively involved in child care
In most states, stepparents are __________ provide contributions.
not required to support their spouses' financially, although most voluntarily choose to
Another challenge to remarried families is that roles of stepchild and stepparent are __________.
not well defined, clearly understood or fully agreed upon
Children make up __________ of the homeless population.
one-quarter.
A study sponsored by the Justice Department reports that __________ children were abducted by family members in 1999.
over 200,000
In the __________ approach, family care is shared by both the mother and the father.
parenting
Chronic criticism, nagging, nitpicking, and sarcasm are all forms of
passive-aggression.
The __________ parent's style is indulgent, and often leads to the classic "spoiled child."
permissive
Which parenting style is characterized by low parental monitoring but high parental warmth?
permissive-indulgent
Joline and David have been married for several years. They respond to each other warmly, with interest, affection, and shared humor. Joline and David's behavior reflect
positive affect.
The text points out that the particular challenges that characterize remarriages often begin with the
previous divorce.
Single mothers often have a ___________, or social support from family and friends.
private safety net
The text points out that in American society, having children is taken for granted, whereas not having children seems to need a justification. This reflects a
pronatalist bias.
In the United States, the mother is expected to be the child's primary __________ parent, assuming the major emotional responsibility for the safety and upbringing of her children.
psychological.
A consequence of remarriage, which have higher divorce rates than first marriages, is an emerging trend of
redivorce.
Ethnicity is often associated with __________.
religious belief
Deborah Tannen argues that men typically engage in conversation aimed mainly at conveying information, which she refers to as
report talk.
The hope that research in child development offers to parents who make mistakes is that children can be surprisingly __________.
resilient
After declining during the 1990s, nonmarital birthrates have
risen again to an all-time high.
The text points out that virtually all research and other writings on the subject suggest that today's typical American family is
rushed and stressed.
Mark is angry because his wife invited friends over when he wanted to relax. He decides to act bored during the entire evening. Mark's behavior reflects
sabotage.
John plays a parentlike role for his girlfriend's son, even though he is unrelated to the child. The text refers to this role as
social fathering.
Evidence shows that children, especially when they are young, tend to have which of the following influences on marriage?
stabilization.
The text states that remarriages dissolve at higher rates than first marriages, especially for couples with __________.
step children
The text points out that remarriages dissolve at higher rates than first marriages, especially for remarried couples who have
stepchildren.
Considerable research shows that remarrieds experience more tension and conflict than do first marrieds, usually on issues related to__________.
stepchildren—discipline or distribution of resources to stepchildren.
Avoiding or evading a fight is an example of
stonewalling.
Joe refuses to listen to his wife Paulette and is particularly resistant to considering her complaints. Joe's behavior illustrates
stonewalling.
In remarriage, women may trade child raising for enhanced economic security. This is referred to in the text as ___________.
the "traditional exchange."
Of any industrialized country, which nation has by far the highest teen pregnancy, abortion, and birthrates?
the United States
Which of the following nations has the highest total fertility rate among developed nations?
the United States
Some religions, such as Catholicism, do not recognize a remarriage after divorce unless
the first marriage has been annulled.
Upper-class, highly-educated parents are more likely to emphasize concerted cultivation, which is
the overall development of their child's talents and potential.
The text indicates that perhaps the most significant factor in the comparative instability of remarriages is
the presence of stepchildren.
The text points out that being frequently spanked in childhood is NOT linked to
the responsible use of alcohol and other drugs.
Sociologist Arlie Hochschild notes that "women continue to feel responsible for family members' well-being and are more likely than men to adjust their work and home schedules to accommodate others." The extra work this amounts to is called:
the second shift
Joanna and Richard have been having a bad day. Joanna asks Richard what is wrong. Richard replies, "Oh, nothing," but the look on his face and his body language suggest otherwise. Richard's behavior reflects
the silent treatment.
Research shows that distressed marital couples are distinguished by
their negative exchanges during conflict.
At least one in _________ Americans are now stepparents, stepchildren, stepsiblings, or living in a stepfamily.
three
The stepmother role has been described as the "stepmother ________."
trap
Today, among married American women of all ages, there is a strong preference for
two-child families.
Today, the statistical norm among married couples is the __________ marriage.
two-earner
In the U.S., about __________ of unintended pregnancies are aborted.
two-fifths
Research has shown a link between ____________ parental conflict and children's behavior problems.
unresolved
Sociologist Linda Waite studied couples on the verge of divorcing, and found out that for those who remained married, two-thirds described themselves as "__________" five years later.
very happy
The increase in childbearing among older single women is largely a(n) __________ phenomenon.
white, middle class.
Unwed birthrates are highest among
young women in their twenties.
