mastering A&P ch. 23 group 1 modules 23.1-23.5 DSM
Cells in our body are constantly building new molecules to replace worn-out structures. This process is what part of cellular metabolism? Catabolism Cellular respiration Oxidation Anabolism
Anabolism
What happens to a glucose molecule as a result of the reactions of glycolysis? Broken down to six molecules of CO2 Formed into two molecules of acetyl-CoA Formed into citric acid Formation of two molecules of pyruvic acid
Formation of two molecules of pyruvic acid
Which process in the metabolism of glucose does not require oxygen? Citric acid cycle Formation of acetyl-CoA Electron transport chain Glycolysis
Glycolysis
Metabolism refers to __________. only the intake of sodium in foods and the loss of sodium in sweat and tears all the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body only the balance between drinking water and sweating only the digestion of foods and the production of wastes
all the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body
The first step in the sequence of enzymatic reactions in the tricarboxylic acid cycle is the formation of __________. citric acid pyruvic acid oxaloacetic acid acetyl-CoA
citric acid
What happens to oxygen when it functions as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport system? It becomes part of a water molecule. It attaches to NAD or FAD. It becomes part of CO2. It remains as O2.
it becomes part of a water molecule
All the chemical reactions that occur in an organism are called __________. oxidation energetics cellular respiration metabolism
metabolism
Which part of the cell is most heavily involved in energetics? Mitochondria Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes
mitochondria
Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle occur? Cytoplasm Mitochondrial matrix Rough endoplasmic reticulum Inner mitochondrial membrane
mitochondrial matrix
A cell with excess carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids will break down carbohydrates in order to __________. provide metabolic regulation provide tissue growth and repair obtain energy, provide tissue growth and repair, and provide metabolic regulation obtain energy
obtain energy
In terms of the movement of electrons, the gain of electrons is called reduction, whereas the loss of electrons is called __________. catabolism oxidation anabolism metabolism
oxidation
The production of ATP provides energy to support anabolism as well as other cell functions. Which of the following is NOT supported by energy from ATP? Cell division Transport of chemicals into and out of the cell Movement and contraction of muscles The diffusion of molecules across the plasma membrane.
the diffusion of molecules across the plasma membrane
Where in the cell does the electron transport chain occur? Outer mitochondrial membrane Inner mitochondrial membrane Cytoplasm Matrix of the mitochondria
Inner mitochondrial membrane
All nutrients can be used by the mitochondria to provide energy. In what form are these nutrients "fed" into the mitochondria? As simple nutrients Three-carbon chains Two-carbon fragments Four-carbon chains
Two-carbon fragments
The process that breaks down organic substrates, releasing energy that can be used to synthesize ATP or other high-energy compounds, is __________. oxidation metabolism anabolism catabolism
catabolism
Which process in the aerobic metabolism of glucose takes place in the cytosol? Deamination TCA cycle Electron transport system Glycolysis
glycolysis
What chemical in the catabolism of glucose enters the mitochondria? Oxaloacetate Acetyl-CoA Citric acid Pyruvate
pyruvate
During the catabolism of glucose, some energy is captured by __________ molecules, while the rest of the energy is lost mainly as ________. oxidized; sound oxidized; heat reduced; light reduced; heat
reduced; heat
What is the primary role of the citric acid cycle in the production of ATP? Production of citric acid Removal of electrons from substrates Formation of CO2 Formation of acetyl-CoA
removal of electrons from substrates
For each glucose molecule converted to two pyruvates, the anaerobic reaction sequence in glycolysis provides a net gain of __________. 38 ATP for the cell 36 ATP for the cell four ATP for the cell two ATP for the cell
two ATP for the cell