Mastering Bio Questions
Refer to the paragraph on the effects of estrogens in the environment. You are assigned to write the report to the Environmental Protection Agency, which needs to decide what level of 17-estradiol to permit in sewage output. You do not want to make the level any lower than necessary, because it requires substantial additional money for the extra treatment of sewage. Given the data presented above, what level of 17β-estradiol would you suggest is safe to prevent feminization of fish?
25 ng/l
Which statement about human reproduction is correct?
A human oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it.
The table above is a comparison of several characteristics of H. floresiensis to those of nine other hominin species (arranged roughly from oldest to most recent). What do these data suggest?
A large brain is not necessarily required for toolmaking.
Identify the role(s) of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in human reproduction.
FSH stimulates the growth of new follicles in the ovary. FSH promotes the activity of Sertoli cells, which nourish sperm developing within seminiferous tubules.
Which of the following describes the path taken by oxygen-rich blood?
From the gills to the body tissues
Which of the following statements describing hominin evolution is/are correct
Homo sapiens is the only surviving member of a highly branched evolutionary tree of hominin species.
The pattern of divisions that produces cells of the C. elegans intestine is always the same. Is the number of divisions that gives rise to mature intestinal cells always the same?
No, the number of divisions from the zygote to particular intestinal cells ranges from seven to nine.
Which of the following is most true of sexual reproduction?
Only half of the offspring from sexually reproducing females are also females.
The developmental precursors to the gonadal tissues of Caenorhabditis elegans uniquely contain _____.
P granules of mRNA and protein
Which statement about human reproduction is false?
The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.
What is the "twofold" cost of sex?
The higher number of female offspring produced by an asexual female
Which of the following statements about human evolution is correct?
The upright posture and enlarged brain of humans evolved separately.
Identify the roles played by human gut bacteria.
Ulcers are caused by the acid-tolerant bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
The pancreas is involved in the digestion of _____. I) protein II) fat III) nucleic acids IV) carbohydrates
all of them
A human blastomere is _____.
an embryonic cell that is smaller than the ovum
During metamorphosis, a tadpoles tail is reduced in size by the process of _____.
apoptosis
At the time of implantation, the human embryo is called a _____.
blastocyst
Different types of food are eaten by various groups of animals, but it is usually true that _____.
cellulose digestion in ruminant mammals occurs before the ingested foods reach the small intestine
The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, and the organ where this hormone is synthesized, are _____.
erythropoietin and kidney, respectively
For your internship at the local zoo, you have been assigned to help with the new orangutan-breeding program. Little is known about orangutan reproductive hormones, but hormone feedback cycles are often the same in closely related animals. You have been asked to use your knowledge of the interactions of human reproductive hormones to recommend injections to promote ovulation in a female orangutan when a visiting male arrives for a brief breeding visit. Refer to the paragraph on the orangutan breeding program. Which of the following hormones would you use if you want to induce ovulation in a few days?
estradiol (estrogen)
Changes in cell position occur extensively during _____.
gastrulation
A decrease from pH 7.4 to pH 7.2 causes hemoglobin to _____.
increase its binding of H+
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans _____.
is composed of about 1000 cells, in which the developmental origin of each cell has been mapped
Which of the following statements about hominin evolution is correct? As hominins have evolved, _____.
sexual dimorphism was significantly reduced
Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?
stomach - protein digestion
The primitive streak in a bird is the functional equivalent of _____.
the lip of the blastopore in the frog
One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is
the number of circuits for circulation.
The greatest difference in the concentration of respiratory gases is found in which of the following pairs of mammalian blood vessels?
the pulmonary vein and the jugular vein
Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals?
vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary artery
An advantage of gas exchange in fresh water, compared with gas exchange in air, is that _____.
water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized
