Mastering Biology Chapter 14

Which of the following is NOT transcribed from DNA? A: Promoter B: Exons C: Introns D: tRNA E: 3′ and 5′ UTRs

A: Promoter

How is the template strand for a particular gene determined? A: It is established by the presence of the promoter. B: It is the DNA strand that runs from the 5′ → 3′ direction. C: It is the DNA strand that runs from the 3′ → 5′ direction. D: It doesn't matter which strand is the template because they are complementary and will produce the same mRNA. E: It is signaled by a polyadenylation signal sequence.

A: It is established by the presence of the promoter.

Which of the following is true of RNA processing? A: Assemblies of protein and small RNAs, called spliceosomes, may catalyze splicing. B: Exons are excised before the mRNA is translated. C: The RNA transcript that leaves the nucleus may be much longer than the original transcript. D: Signal peptides are added to the 5′ end of the transcript. E: Large quantities of tRNA are assembled into ribosomes.

A: Assemblies of protein and small RNAs, called spliceosomes, may catalyze splicing.

Which enzyme synthesizes tRNA? A: RNA polymerase B: DNA polymerase C: Reverse transcriptase D: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase E: Ribosomal RNA

A: RNA Polymerase

A stretch of bacterial DNA 600 nucleotides long can code at most for a polypeptide of how many amino acids? A: 100 B: 200 C: 300 D: 600 E: 1800

B: 200

If the 5′ → 3′ nucleotide sequence on the nontemplate DNA strand is CAT, what is the corresponding codon on mRNA? A: CAT B: CAU C: UAC D: GUA E: GTA

B: CAU

A signal peptide __________. A: is most likely to be found on cytosolic proteins produced by bacterial cells B: is the first 20 or so amino acids of a protein destined for a membrane location or for secretion from the cell C: directs an mRNA molecule into the lumen of the ER D: is a sign to bind the small ribosomal unit at the initiation codon E: is part of the UTR following the 5′ cap

B: is the first 20 or so amino acids of a protein destined for a membrane location or for secretion from the cell

Which binding site on a ribosome holds a tRNA attached to a growing polypeptide chain? A: E site B: A site C: P site D: The P site, A site, and E sites all hold tRNA attached to polypeptides. E: None of the listed responses are correct.

C: P site

Which of the following is not involved in the formation of a eukaryotic transcription initiation complex? A: RNA polymerase II B: Promoter C: Small RNA molecules D: TATA box E: Transcription factors

C: Small RNA molecules

A ribozyme is __________. A: an exception to the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis B: a cutting enzyme involved in DNA damage repair C: an RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme D: the location in a cell where ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are made E: an example of rearrangement of exons caused by alternative RNA splicing

C: an RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme

Transcription involves the transfer of information from __________. A: mRNA to an amino acid sequence B: DNA to an amino acid sequence C: the nucleus to the cytoplasm D: DNA to RNA E: RNA to DNA

D: DNA to RNA

RNA polymerase __________. A: is the molecule of which ribosomes are constructed B: is the enzyme that catalyzes the joining of each amino acid to the right tRNA C: is the enzyme that transcribes exons but does not transcribe introns D: moves along the template strand of DNA, elongating an RNA molecule in a 5′ → 3′ direction E: is a ribozyme

D: moves along the template strand of DNA, elongating an RNA molecule in a 5′ → 3′ direction

Which of the following is not a post-translational modification that might be required of a protein before it becomes functional in a cell? A: Attachment of sugars to amino acids of the protein B: Removal of an amino acid C: Cleavage of a polypeptide chain D: Binding of two or more polypeptide chains. E: All of the listed responses are post-translational modifications required of some proteins.

E: All of the listed responses are post-translational modifications required of some proteins.

Transfer RNA __________. A: tags a growing polypeptide for export to the endoplasmic reticulum B: is translated into protein C: is produced in the nucleolus D: has catalytic activity and is thus a ribozyme E: binds to its specific amino acid in the active site of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

E: binds to its specific amino acid in the active site of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Which of the following is true of transcription factors? A: Transcription factors are present in eukaryotic cell nuclei. B: Transcription factors are produced in a cell as a result of both gene transcription and translation. C: Transcription factors are proteins. D: Transcription factors bind to promoters. E: All of the listed responses are correct.

E:All of the listed responses are correct.