Mastering Biology Unit 3 Mr. Wolfe

One centimeter = ________ millimeters.

10

The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from

10 to 100 micrometers

The eyepiece of a light microscope has a magnification level of 10x. If you were looking at a paramecium under the lowest-power objective (4x), what would be the total magnification of the microscope at this setting?

40x

Lysosome

Breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes

A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study ________.

Cell surfaces; internal cell structures

Which of these conclusions cannot reasonably be drawn from the graph?

Cells export a large amount of protein following cell division.

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called

Chromatin

During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called

Chromosomes

Mitochondrion

Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae

Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false?

In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles.

The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.

Letter C

The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.

Letter D

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?

Lysosome

According to the accompanying figure, which of the following are large enough to see in the light microscope?

Mitochondria

Which of the following is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?

Mitochondria

Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?

Plasma membrane

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

Presence of a cell wall

Archaea are composed of ________ cells.

Prokaryotic

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?

RNA processing

The architecture of cell surfaces can be viewed in the most detail using a __________.

Scanning electron microscope

Smooth ER

Site of lipid synthesis

Nucleus

Stores the genetic information of the cell

Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?

The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected.

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?

Transcription

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?

Translation

If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?

Transmission Electron Microscope

Which microscope would be best suited to the measurement of the internal structures of a bacterial cell?

Transmission Electron Microscope

Ribosome

Works with mRNA to synthesize proteins

Resolution is the

ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.

The membranous compartmentalization of a cell

allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell

Polypeptides are assembled from _____.

amino acids

A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be __________.

an archaean

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells

are plant cells

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell

contains the cell's DNA

Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?

cytosol

The technique used to produce the data displayed might be useful for a cancer biologist who wishes to

determine the effect of drugs on protein synthesis at various times in the cell cycle.

What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

The nucleous

is rich in ribosomal RNA

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which

is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.

The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____.

its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____.

lack a nucleus

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.

mRNA

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the __________.

nuclear envelope

A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its

nucleoid

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region

Structures found within a eukaryotic cell and performing specific tasks are collectively termed __________.

organelles

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

Melanocytes use many enzymes to produce melanin. Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of

ribosomes

The cells that produce hair made of protein contain a lot of ________, while the cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of ________.

rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Membrane proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that are attached to __________.

the endoplasmic reticulum

To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____.

the plasma membrane

An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies (a type of protein) per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within the cell?

the rough endoplasmic reticulum

light microscope

use light and glass lenses to magnify an image

As cell size increases, the

volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes

A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation

will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not increase as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.