Mastering Biology Unit 3 Mr. Wolfe
One centimeter = ________ millimeters.
10
The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from
10 to 100 micrometers
The eyepiece of a light microscope has a magnification level of 10x. If you were looking at a paramecium under the lowest-power objective (4x), what would be the total magnification of the microscope at this setting?
40x
Lysosome
Breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes
A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study ________.
Cell surfaces; internal cell structures
Which of these conclusions cannot reasonably be drawn from the graph?
Cells export a large amount of protein following cell division.
The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called
Chromatin
During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called
Chromosomes
Mitochondrion
Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
Fimbriae
Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false?
In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles.
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
Letter C
The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
Letter D
Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?
Lysosome
According to the accompanying figure, which of the following are large enough to see in the light microscope?
Mitochondria
Which of the following is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?
Mitochondria
Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?
Plasma membrane
Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?
Presence of a cell wall
Archaea are composed of ________ cells.
Prokaryotic
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
RNA processing
The architecture of cell surfaces can be viewed in the most detail using a __________.
Scanning electron microscope
Smooth ER
Site of lipid synthesis
Nucleus
Stores the genetic information of the cell
Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?
The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected.
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
They are constructed of interrelated membranes.
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?
Transcription
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
Translation
If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?
Transmission Electron Microscope
Which microscope would be best suited to the measurement of the internal structures of a bacterial cell?
Transmission Electron Microscope
Ribosome
Works with mRNA to synthesize proteins
Resolution is the
ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.
The membranous compartmentalization of a cell
allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell
Polypeptides are assembled from _____.
amino acids
A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be __________.
an archaean
You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells
are plant cells
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
cell wall
The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell
contains the cell's DNA
Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?
cytosol
The technique used to produce the data displayed might be useful for a cancer biologist who wishes to
determine the effect of drugs on protein synthesis at various times in the cell cycle.
What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?
increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity
The nucleous
is rich in ribosomal RNA
Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which
is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.
The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____.
its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____.
lack a nucleus
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.
mRNA
The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the __________.
nuclear envelope
A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its
nucleoid
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
nucleoid region
Structures found within a eukaryotic cell and performing specific tasks are collectively termed __________.
organelles
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
plasma membrane
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
protection
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
ribosomes
Melanocytes use many enzymes to produce melanin. Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of
ribosomes
The cells that produce hair made of protein contain a lot of ________, while the cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of ________.
rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Membrane proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that are attached to __________.
the endoplasmic reticulum
To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____.
the plasma membrane
An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies (a type of protein) per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within the cell?
the rough endoplasmic reticulum
light microscope
use light and glass lenses to magnify an image
As cell size increases, the
volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes
A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation
will eventually be problematic, since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not increase as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs.