Mastering Module 21.10- 21.18

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? a. decreased temperature b. increased tissue PO2 c. decreased pH d. decreased amounts of BPG e. None of the answers is correct.

c. decreased pH

The obstructive lung disease in which elastic fibers are lost, leading to collapse of alveoli and bronchioles, is called a. asthma. b. tuberculosis. c. emphysema. d. pneumonia. e. bronchitis.

c. emphysema.

Each 100 mL of blood leaving the alveolar capillaries carries away roughly ________ of oxygen. a. 20 mL b. 50 mL c. 30 mL d. 10 mL e. 75 mL

a. 20 mL

Carbonic anhydrase a. is in RBCs. b. is an enzyme. c. can convert carbon dioxide into carbonic acid. d. can increase the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma. e. All of the answers are correct.

a. is in RBCs. b. is an enzyme. c. can convert carbon dioxide into carbonic acid. d. can increase the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma. e. All of the answers are correct.

Emphysema: a. occurs due to the destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. b. is a long-term inflammation and swelling of the bronchial lining. c. occurs in individuals identified as blue bloaters. d. is a condition characterized by conducting passageways that are extremely sensitive to irritants.

a. occurs due to the destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

Which of the following can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known? a. respiratory minute volume b. anatomic dead space c. minimal volume d. inspiratory reserve volume e. expiratory reserve volume

a. respiratory minute volume

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as a. carbonic acid. b. bicarbonate ions. c. solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. d. carbaminohemoglobin. e. solute dissolved in the plasma.

b. bicarbonate ions.

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is a. hemoglobin. b. carbon dioxide. c. oxygen. d. sodium ion. e. bicarbonate ion.

b. carbon dioxide.

The partial pressure of oxygen in pulmonary veins during internal respiration is approximately a. 50 mm Hg. b. 40 mm Hg. c. 95 mm Hg. d. 45 mm Hg. e. 70 mm Hg.

c. 95 mm Hg.

Which statement regarding lung cancer is correct? a. Lung cancers now account for 75 percent of new cancer cases in both men and women. b. Before about 1970, this disease primarily affected elderly women. c. Since 1992, the incidence of lung cancer among women has been increasing. d. About 40-55 percent of all lung cancers are the direct result of cigarette smoking.

c. Since 1992, the incidence of lung cancer among women has been increasing.

Alveolar ventilation refers to the a. movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. b. movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli. c. amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute. d. utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism. e. movement of air into and out of the lungs.

c. amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute

Air remaining in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli is known as a. respiratory minute volume. b. functional residual capacity. c. anatomic dead space. d. minimal volume. e. alveolar ventilation volume.

c. anatomic dead space.

In quiet breathing, a. inspiration and expiration are both passive. b. inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions. c. inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive. d. inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions. e. None of the answers is correct.

c. inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

If the dorsal respiratory group of neurons in the medulla oblongata were destroyed bilaterally, a. alveolar ventilation would increase. b. tidal volumes would increase. c. the respiratory minute volume would increase. d. a person would stop breathing. e. pulmonary ventilation would increase markedly.

d. a person would stop breathing.

Dalton's law states that a. the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure. b. gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume. c. gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional. d. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. e. gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.

d. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen. a. 75 b. 10 c. 50 d. more than 90 e. 25

d. more than 90

A period in which breathing has stopped, followed by a forceful expulsion of air is termed a. hypoxia. b. apneustic breathing. c. respiratory distress. d. anoxia. e. apnea.

e. apnea.

Prolonged deep inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center. a. pneumotaxic b. expiratory c. baroreceptor d. chemoreceptor e. apneustic

e. apneustic

The movement of chloride ions into the RBCs in exchange for bicarbonate ions is known as a. a bicarbonate exchange. b. gas diffusion. c. the BPG pathway. d. the Bohr effect. e. the chloride shift.

e. the chloride shift.

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, a. the lungs shrink. b. expiration occurs. c. the volume of the thorax decreases. d. the volume of the lungs decreases. e. the volume of the thorax increases.

e. the volume of the thorax increases.