MasteringAandP: Chapter 03 Homework

Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order. 1. The protein folds into its functional shape. 2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing. 3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle. 4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER.

4, 1, 3, 2

________ tissue is commonly called fat.

Adipose

Which of the following statements is a component of the cell theory?

A cell is the smallest living unit.

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart?

Anaphase

Sometimes an abnormal cell mass can develop in the human body. It can take control of the cell cycle, and cell division can malfunction. Which of the following does NOT describe all neoplasms?

Cancer

When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two complete helices are formed. Together, these helices are called sister __________.

Chromatids

A large amount of extracellular material is a characteristic of which type of tissue?

Connective tissue

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________.

Cytokinesis

What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two?

Cytokinesis

________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

Desmosomes

What type of tissue has cells that are tightly packed, sits on a basement membrane, is avascular, and is easily regenerated?

Epithelium

Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

Flagella

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?

Flagellum

Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane?

Forming the entire glycocalyx

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of interphase?

G1, S, and G2

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________.

Gene

The final processing of proteins "tagged" for secretion occurs in which cellular organelle?

Golgi apparatus

Which of these organelles is responsible for forming secretory vesicles?

Golgi apparatus

The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

Hydrophobic

What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane?

In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place?

Interphase

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which acid hydrolase enzymes escape from leaky cellular organelles, causing pain and a burning sensation in joints. The leaky organelles from which these acid hydrolase enzymes escape are the __________.

Lysosomes

Some neoplasms are benign while others are malignant. Which of the following descriptions is true for a malignant neoplasm?

May become a killer due to relentless growth

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?

Metaphase

Which of the following best explains diffusion?

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion?

Na+

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear?

Telophase

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.

The cell will shrink.

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________.

Tight junctions.

Which type of tissue is NOT readily repaired if damaged?

Tissues whose mature cells are amitotic.

What process does a cell use to make an RNA copy of a segment of DNA?

Transcription

Which of the following molecules brings the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Transfer RNA

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

Transitional epithelium

What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?

Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink.

What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid?

Phosphate heads of phospholipids

What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic?

Phospholipid "tails"

Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids

When a person is severely burned, fluid accumulates in pockets of skin called blisters. Which of the following cellular structures has been damaged and is the ultimate cause of fluid accumulation?

Plasma membrane.

What is required for filtration to occur?

Pressure gradient.

During which of the following phases does chromatin condense and become chromosomes?

Prophase

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear?

Prophase

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________.

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of mitosis?

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.

Reticular connective tissue

Which organelle synthesizes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm?

Ribosomes that are free within the cytoplasm

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane?

Semipermeable

What tissue is specialized for the rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients across its cells?

Simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion?

Small concentration gradient

During which of the following phases does DNA replication occur?

Synthesis