Mastery Test 4

Rogers regarded the fundamental motivation to be a) the actualizing tendency. b) the need for security. c) interpersonal needs. d) sexual needs.

a) the actualizing tendency.

According to Maslow, the self-actualized person thinks intuitively, like an artist. a. True b. False

a. True

Achievement and concern with reputation are typically important at the fourth level of the need hierarchy. a. True b. False

a. True

After safety needs are satisfied, the next level to become important is belongingness and love needs. a. True b. False

a. True

At the highest level of the need hierarchy, people are metamotivated. a. True b. False

a. True

Competence, autonomy, and relatedness are important needs, according to selfdetermination theory. a. True b. False

a. True

David Pelzer's foster family helped him meet his needs for Love and Belongingness. a. True b. False

a. True

Flow is when artists, musicians, and / or groups become totally engaged in their activities. a. True b. False

a. True

Maslow considered curiosity to be an early manifestation of self-actualization. a. True b. False

a. True

Maslow preferred to speak of "human diminution or stunting" instead of "psychological illness." a. True b. False

a. True

Maslow suggested that less than 1% of individuals ever become self-actualized. a. True b. False

a. True

Maslow's theory predicts that needs will appear in a particular order within an individual's life. a. True b. False

a. True

People who are self-actualized may act conventionally for convenience, but they are detached from their culture. a. True b. False

a. True

Positive psychology emphasizes people's psychological growth and happiness. a. True b. False

a. True

Research shows the people with very low incomes in the U.S. are not as unhappy with life as most people think. a. True b. False

a. True

Self-actualized people are less likely to conform to social influence pressures than are other people. a. True b. False

a. True

Self-actualized people have human faults, like the rest of us. a. True b. False

a. True

The Esalen Institute is a growth center founded on the principles of Maslow's ideas about human growth. a. True b. False

a. True

The Personal Orientation Inventory measures self-actualization. a. True b. False

a. True

The Satisfaction with Life Scale has high face validity and construct validity. a. True b. False

a. True

The desire for safety stops many people from becoming self-actualized. a. True b. False

a. True

The hierarchy of needs describes five levels of needs, from basic physical needs to selfactualization. a. True b. False

a. True

The term "positive psychology" refers to a. a current emphasis in psychology on subjective experience and psychological health. b. a philosophical position that emphasizes scientific observation. c. all the empirically verified findings within psychology. d. political activism in favor of increased funding for psychological research.

a. a current emphasis in psychology on subjective experience and psychological health.

What phrase best describes a peak experience? a. a mystical, altered state of consciousness b. a moment when achievement seems easy (though the experience may be misleading) c. a "personal best" performance d. the time in middle age when mental health is highest, before the inevitable declines of old age

a. a mystical, altered state of consciousness

In his survey of 3,000 college students, about how many did Maslow find whom he considered to be self-actualized? a. one student b. two percent (60 students) c. ten percent (300 students) d. fifty percent (1500 students)

a. one student

If the ideal self and the real self do not match, Rogers said a) we should try to overcome the real self b) they are "incongruent" c) we should strive toward the ideal self. d) a person is self-actualised

b) they are "incongruent"

A meaningful life and quest for meaning in life is always happy. a. True b. False

b. False

A person who is resilient has the strength to survive stressful situations but still experiences the usual negative consequences of those experiences. a. True b. False

b. False

According to Maslow, all self-actualized people have peak experiences. a. True b. False

b. False

According to Maslow, humans, unlike animals, are never motivated primarily by hunger and other physical needs. a. True b. False

b. False

According to Maslow, most college students, by the senior year, are self-actualized. a. True b. False

b. False

After esteem needs are met, the next level to emerge as important is belongingness and love. a. True b. False

b. False

B-love often involves jealousy. a. True b. False

b. False

Esteem needs are important at the level of B-motivation. a. True b. False

b. False

Esteem needs are satisfied when other people think well of us, even if that reputation is based on erroneous information. a. True b. False

b. False

Intrinsically motivated people, according to Deci's theory, are independent of other people. a. True b. False

b. False

Maslow advocated that businesses should only seek to meet lower-order needs as higher order needs were beyond most businesses' scope. a. True b. False

b. False

Maslow believed that traditional religions were important for self-actualized people. a. True b. False

b. False

Maslow emphasized the importance of well-controlled research studies in psychology. a. True b. False

b. False

Maslow expected that his theory would be validated by traditional scientific investigations. a. True b. False

b. False

Maslow suggested that we could learn most about personality by studying unhealthy populations. a. True b. False

b. False

Positive emotional states are of minor concern to the field of positive psychology. a. True b. False

b. False

Research shows that money is an important part in achieving happiness. a. True b. False

b. False

Self-actualization, as measured by the Personal Orientation Inventory, does not correlate with other measures of mental health or adjustment. a. True b. False

b. False

Self-actualized people are particularly aware of the conflict between what is good for the individual and what is good for other people. a. True b. False

b. False

Self-actualized people typically have a strong need to be with other people. a. True b. False

b. False

The abuse David Pelzer experienced at the hand of his mother had little impact on how he got his needs met at an early age. a. True b. False

b. False

The needs lowest on Maslow's hierarchy are safety needs. a. True b. False

b. False

Which statement about self-actualization tendencies is most accurate? a. Self-actualization does not motivate people, in any form, until the lower order needs are met. b. Maslow estimated less that 1 percent of individuals are self-actualized. c. Curiosity and creative tendencies occur at the highest level of the need hierarchy only. d. Self-actualization is the dominant motivation throughout life, according to Maslow.

b. Maslow estimated less that 1 percent of individuals are self-actualized.

Regarding sex, Maslow thought that it was a. only a physiological need. b. an important "love and belongingness" need, as well as a physiological need. c. not a source of deficiency motivation in the twentieth century. d. not interesting for a theory concerned with self-actualization.

b. an important "love and belongingness" need, as well as a physiological need.

Unconditional positive regard means loving someone a) because you yourself feel loved b) without considering the consequences c) regardless of that person's behavior d) unwisely

c) regardless of that person's behavior

What was Maslow's attitude toward religion? a. Religion has no place in the modern world. b. Religious dogma is a useful guide to self-actualization. c. Religious prophets have experienced what Maslow calls "peak experiences," which are valuable insights to be communicated to others. d. Religion was not discussed in his theory.

c. Religious prophets have experienced what Maslow calls "peak experiences," which are valuable insights to be communicated to others.

In order of their emergence, the needs in Maslow's hierarchy are a. physiological, safety, esteem, love, self-actualization. b. physiological, esteem, safety, love, self-actualization. c. physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization. d. safety, physiological, love, esteem, self-actualization.

c. physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization.

The highest need on Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a. creativity. b. self-esteem. c. self-actualization. d. love

c. self-actualization.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a fully functioning person, according to Rogers? a) creativity b) the experience of freedom c) openness to experience d) adaptation to others' expectations

d) adaptation to others' expectations

Rogers called his therapeutic method a) self-actualisation therapy b) revised psychoanalysis c) individualized therapy d) client-centered therapy

d) client-centered therapy

Rogers called his therapy groups "__________" a) family constellation groups b) sensitivity groups c) T-groups d) encounter groups

d) encounter groups

Which of these is not a condition for therapeutic progress, according to Rogers? a) unconditional positive regard b) empathic understanding c) congruence d) insight

d) insight

Rogers described the ideal therapist as someone whose inner experience a) includes only positive emotions toward the client b) is irrelevant to the therapeutic work c) is hidden under a professional demeanor d) is largely transparent to the client

d) is largely transparent to the client

Within each person, inner experience signals what is growth-producing. Rogers called this experience __________. a) incongruence b) conscience c) self-actualization d) the organismic valuing process

d) the organismic valuing process

Rogers thought that education cold be improved by a) more carefully applying learning principles b) using team teachers c) providing more incentives for learning d) trusting students to choose their own directions

d) trusting students to choose their own directions

What prevents self-actualization from being more common? a. people's desire for safety b. people's desire for approval c. unmet lower-order needs d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Abraham Maslow's theory emphasizes a. social determinants of behavior. b. learning. c. scientific methodology. d. the most healthy individuals

d. the most healthy individuals

Abraham Maslow's theory emphasizes a. social determinants of behavior. b. learning. c. scientific methodology. d. the most healthy individuals.

d. the most healthy individuals.