Math For Health Care Chapter 11

100 mg/dL

A Fasting Plasma Glucose is a blood test that tells a patient's blood sugar after having nothing by mouth for 8-12 hours. A person's fasting plasma glucose should be less than

200 mg/dL

A Random Plasma Glucose is taken at any time of the day without regard to meals and should be less than

High Alert

All oral, subcutaneous and IV insulin are considered _________________ medication as defined by the Institute of Safe Medical Practices.

brain damage

Because the brain is dependent on glucose, blood glucose less than 50 mg/dL can cause mental confusion and

5.7%

Hemoglobin A1C ( HbA1c) is a blood test that tells what the patient's blood sugar has been for the past 2-3 months. HbA1c should be less than

Hospital

In what settings is IV insulin given?

Levemir and Lantus

List the insulins that CANNOT be mixed with any other insulins:

Nova Log Huma Log Apidra

List the three insulins that can be given IV:

slow acting and rapid acting

Some insulin are combination mixes or a rapid-acting and a slower-acting insulin to help control blood glucose levels throughout the day. The first number indicates the ______________ and the second number the ___________________.

Short and rapid acting short and intermediate acting intermediate acting long acting (given once a day and last 24 hr period)

Subcutaneous insulin include which of the following

Clear and Cloudy

The nurse will ALWAYS draw up the fast-acting insulin first, which is ___________ in color. The intermediate or long-acting is drawn up second and is ________________ in color.

Glucose

has the same meaning as sugar. Dextrose is a sugar.

Hypoglycemia

is a blood glucose of less than 70 mg/dL. Signs and symptoms include cool skin, clammy, or sweaty skin, shakiness, irritability, and anxiousness

Hyperglycemia

is a high blood glucose. Signs and symptoms include hunger, thirst, and excessive urination. Levels grater than 250 mg/dL can lead to ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis can lead to diabetic coma and death.

Insulin

is a hormone secreted into the blood stream by special cells in the pancreas. It acts as a "key" to unlock a door into the body's cells. By unlocking the door, glucose is able to go into the cells. Glucose is the energy or "food" that allows the cells to function properly.

Sliding Scale

use a short-acting unsulin to treat a patient's current blood sugar. These are used when patient's blood sugars are fluctuating. Blood sugars are checked at certain intervals and treated based on the reading.