Math in Focus Course 1 A and B Vocabulary
perfect square
The square of a whole number.
surface area
The total area of the faces (including the bases) and curved surfaces of a solid figure
square (of a number)
The value of the number raised to an exponent of 2.
cube (of a number)
The value of the number raised to an exponent of 3.
base (of a percent)
The whole quantity of which a percent is found. Example: In 20% of 85, the base is 85.
like terms
terms that have the same variables with the same corresponding exponents.
interest
the amount charged for borrowing money, or the amount of money earned from savings or investments
average speed
the average distance traveled per unit of time
greatest common factor
the common factor of two or more numbers that has the greatest value
least common multiple
the common multiple of two or more numbers that has the least value
x-axis
the horizontal axis on a coordinate plane
volume
the number of cubic units it takes to fill a space. it is measured in units such as cubic centimeters (cm3)
area
the number of square units covered by a figure. It is measured in units such as square centimeter (cm2)
frequency
the number of times a piece of data, such as an item or a number, occurs
term (of a ratio)
the numbers or quantities that are being compared in a ratio
height (of a triangle) (h)
the perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite vertex of a triangle
markup
the rate at which a seller raises the price of goods over their cost
interest rate
the rate at which money earns interest
y-axis
the vertical axis on a coordinate plane
evaluate
to find the value
factor
to write an expression that does not use parentheses as an equivalent expression with parentheses. Example: 4x + 4 = 4(x + 1)
expand
to write and expression that uses
algebraic expression
A math sentence with no equal sign; includes variables
Speed
a special rate that expresses distance per unit of time
equation
a statement that two mathematical expressions are equal
sales tax
a tax that is imposed on purchased goods. It is usually expressed as a percent of the selling price
factor (of a number)
a whole number that divides evenly into a whole number
base (of a triangle)
any side of a triangle from which the height of a triangle is measured
variable
A letter in place of an unknown value/number
radius (r)
A line segment connecting the center and a point on the circle; also the length of this segment
parallelogram
A 4 sided figure in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel and congruent
Rhombus
A 4 sided figure in which the opposite sides are parallel and the 4 sides are congruent
numerical expression
A collection of numbers and operations symbols that represent a single value. Example: 3 x 2 + 7
ratio
A comparison of two or more numbers or quantities, It describes the relative sizes of the numbers or quantities. Example: In the ratio 2:1, the first term, 2, is twice the second term, 1.
prime number
A counting number that has exactly 2 different factors, 1 and itself. Example: 5 is a prime number, because its only factors are 1 and 5
skewed
A data set in which the mean , median, and mode are not all the same number
symmetrical
A data set in which the mean, median, and mode are the same number
prime factor
A factor of a number that is also a prime number.
cross section
A figure formed when a plane intersects a solid figure
trapezoid
A four-sided polygon with exactly one pair of parallel sides
formula
A general mathematical statement or rule.
semicircle
A half of a circle
number line
A horizontal or vertical line representing whole numbers, fraction, and decimals.
mode
A measure of the center of a set of data. It is the value (or values) that occur most often in the data set
mixed number
A number made up of a whole number part and a fraction part.
inequality
A number sentence which states that two values are unequal.
common factor
A number that is a factor of two or more numbers. A common factor of 9 and 6 is 3.
common multiple
A number that is a multiple of two or more numbers. A common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6.
cube root
A number which, when cubed, is equal to a given number.
square root
A number which, when squared, is equal to a given number.
net
A plane figure that can be folded to make a solid
face
A polygon that is a flat surface of a solid figure.
regular polygon
A polygon whose sides are all the same length, and whose angles are all the same measure
arc
A portion of a circle
triangular prism
A prism composed of 2 triangular bases and 3 faces that are parallelograms or rectangles
Quadrant of a circle
A quarter of a circle
percent
A ratio that compares a number to 100. Example: 28% is equivalent to the ratio 28:100
rate
A ratio that compares two quantities with different units
simplest form (of a ratio)
A ratio whose terms are whole numbers and have no common factor other than 1.
pyramid
A solid whose base is a polygon and whose other faces are triangles that share a common vertex
prism
A solid with 2 parallel congruent polygons, called bases, joined by faces that are parallelograms. A prism is named by the shape of its base.
solution
A value that makes an equation true when substituted for the variable
dependent variable
A variable whose value depends on the value of a related independent variable
composite number
A whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors.
parallel
Always the same distance apart; planes or lines in the same plane that do not intersect
outlier
An extreme or rare occurance of a value
positive number
Any number greater than 0.
whole number
Any of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on.
opposite
Having the same numeral but opposite signs. Example: -6 is the opposite to 6
congruent
Having the same size and shape
coordinates
Ordered pairs that gives the location of a point on a coordinate plane
radii
Plural of radius
equivalent ratios
Ratios that are of different forms, but have the same value when simplified.
quadrant of a coordinate plane
The 4 sections of a coordinate plane formed by the axes. They are numbered Quadrant I, Quadrant II, Quadrant III, and Quadrant IV
discount
The amount by which the original price of something is reduced
perfect cube
The cube of whole number.
range
The difference between the greatest and the least number in a set of data
absolute value
The distance a number is from zero on a number line
circumference
The distance around a circle
perimeter
The distance around a figure. It can be measured in units such as centimeter (cm), meter (m), inch (in.), or foot (ft.)
edge
The line segment formed where two faces of a solid figure meet.
coefficient
The number multiplied by the variable in an algebraic expression (or the number sitting right next to a variable)
base (of an exponent)
The number that is raised to a power
exponent
The number to which the base is raised.
vertex
The point at which 3 edges of a prism meet
multiple
The product of a whole number and any other whole number. Example: 16 is a multiple of 4.
substitute
To replace a variable by a number
simplify
To write a fraction or expression by combining like terms
equivalent expressions
Two expressions that are the same value
Reciprocals
Two numbers whose product is 1. Example: 1/4 and 4 are reciprocals because 1/4 x 4 =1
dot plot
a data display similar to a line plot. It shows frequency of data on a number line using a dot to represent each occurrence
histogram
a data display that divides the range into equal intervals and shows how often each interval occurs in the data set. It is usually used for large sets of data
improper fraction
a fraction in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator
coordinate plane
a grid formed by a horizontal line, called the x-axis, and the vertical line, called y-axis, that intersect at right angles
diameter of a circle
a line segment that connects two points on a circle and passes through its center; also the length of this segment
negative number
a number that is less than 0
commission
a percent of the total sales earned by a salesperson
center (of a circle)
a point within a circle that is the same distance from all points on the circle
cube
a prism that has six congruent square faces
