Math in Focus Course 1 A and B Vocabulary

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perfect square

The square of a whole number.

surface area

The total area of the faces (including the bases) and curved surfaces of a solid figure

square (of a number)

The value of the number raised to an exponent of 2.

cube (of a number)

The value of the number raised to an exponent of 3.

base (of a percent)

The whole quantity of which a percent is found. Example: In 20% of 85, the base is 85.

like terms

terms that have the same variables with the same corresponding exponents.

interest

the amount charged for borrowing money, or the amount of money earned from savings or investments

average speed

the average distance traveled per unit of time

greatest common factor

the common factor of two or more numbers that has the greatest value

least common multiple

the common multiple of two or more numbers that has the least value

x-axis

the horizontal axis on a coordinate plane

volume

the number of cubic units it takes to fill a space. it is measured in units such as cubic centimeters (cm3)

area

the number of square units covered by a figure. It is measured in units such as square centimeter (cm2)

frequency

the number of times a piece of data, such as an item or a number, occurs

term (of a ratio)

the numbers or quantities that are being compared in a ratio

height (of a triangle) (h)

the perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite vertex of a triangle

markup

the rate at which a seller raises the price of goods over their cost

interest rate

the rate at which money earns interest

y-axis

the vertical axis on a coordinate plane

evaluate

to find the value

factor

to write an expression that does not use parentheses as an equivalent expression with parentheses. Example: 4x + 4 = 4(x + 1)

expand

to write and expression that uses

algebraic expression

A math sentence with no equal sign; includes variables

Speed

a special rate that expresses distance per unit of time

equation

a statement that two mathematical expressions are equal

sales tax

a tax that is imposed on purchased goods. It is usually expressed as a percent of the selling price

factor (of a number)

a whole number that divides evenly into a whole number

base (of a triangle)

any side of a triangle from which the height of a triangle is measured

variable

A letter in place of an unknown value/number

radius (r)

A line segment connecting the center and a point on the circle; also the length of this segment

parallelogram

A 4 sided figure in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel and congruent

Rhombus

A 4 sided figure in which the opposite sides are parallel and the 4 sides are congruent

numerical expression

A collection of numbers and operations symbols that represent a single value. Example: 3 x 2 + 7

ratio

A comparison of two or more numbers or quantities, It describes the relative sizes of the numbers or quantities. Example: In the ratio 2:1, the first term, 2, is twice the second term, 1.

prime number

A counting number that has exactly 2 different factors, 1 and itself. Example: 5 is a prime number, because its only factors are 1 and 5

skewed

A data set in which the mean , median, and mode are not all the same number

symmetrical

A data set in which the mean, median, and mode are the same number

prime factor

A factor of a number that is also a prime number.

cross section

A figure formed when a plane intersects a solid figure

trapezoid

A four-sided polygon with exactly one pair of parallel sides

formula

A general mathematical statement or rule.

semicircle

A half of a circle

number line

A horizontal or vertical line representing whole numbers, fraction, and decimals.

mode

A measure of the center of a set of data. It is the value (or values) that occur most often in the data set

mixed number

A number made up of a whole number part and a fraction part.

inequality

A number sentence which states that two values are unequal.

common factor

A number that is a factor of two or more numbers. A common factor of 9 and 6 is 3.

common multiple

A number that is a multiple of two or more numbers. A common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6.

cube root

A number which, when cubed, is equal to a given number.

square root

A number which, when squared, is equal to a given number.

net

A plane figure that can be folded to make a solid

face

A polygon that is a flat surface of a solid figure.

regular polygon

A polygon whose sides are all the same length, and whose angles are all the same measure

arc

A portion of a circle

triangular prism

A prism composed of 2 triangular bases and 3 faces that are parallelograms or rectangles

Quadrant of a circle

A quarter of a circle

percent

A ratio that compares a number to 100. Example: 28% is equivalent to the ratio 28:100

rate

A ratio that compares two quantities with different units

simplest form (of a ratio)

A ratio whose terms are whole numbers and have no common factor other than 1.

pyramid

A solid whose base is a polygon and whose other faces are triangles that share a common vertex

prism

A solid with 2 parallel congruent polygons, called bases, joined by faces that are parallelograms. A prism is named by the shape of its base.

solution

A value that makes an equation true when substituted for the variable

dependent variable

A variable whose value depends on the value of a related independent variable

composite number

A whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors.

parallel

Always the same distance apart; planes or lines in the same plane that do not intersect

outlier

An extreme or rare occurance of a value

positive number

Any number greater than 0.

whole number

Any of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on.

opposite

Having the same numeral but opposite signs. Example: -6 is the opposite to 6

congruent

Having the same size and shape

coordinates

Ordered pairs that gives the location of a point on a coordinate plane

radii

Plural of radius

equivalent ratios

Ratios that are of different forms, but have the same value when simplified.

quadrant of a coordinate plane

The 4 sections of a coordinate plane formed by the axes. They are numbered Quadrant I, Quadrant II, Quadrant III, and Quadrant IV

discount

The amount by which the original price of something is reduced

perfect cube

The cube of whole number.

range

The difference between the greatest and the least number in a set of data

absolute value

The distance a number is from zero on a number line

circumference

The distance around a circle

perimeter

The distance around a figure. It can be measured in units such as centimeter (cm), meter (m), inch (in.), or foot (ft.)

edge

The line segment formed where two faces of a solid figure meet.

coefficient

The number multiplied by the variable in an algebraic expression (or the number sitting right next to a variable)

base (of an exponent)

The number that is raised to a power

exponent

The number to which the base is raised.

vertex

The point at which 3 edges of a prism meet

multiple

The product of a whole number and any other whole number. Example: 16 is a multiple of 4.

substitute

To replace a variable by a number

simplify

To write a fraction or expression by combining like terms

equivalent expressions

Two expressions that are the same value

Reciprocals

Two numbers whose product is 1. Example: 1/4 and 4 are reciprocals because 1/4 x 4 =1

dot plot

a data display similar to a line plot. It shows frequency of data on a number line using a dot to represent each occurrence

histogram

a data display that divides the range into equal intervals and shows how often each interval occurs in the data set. It is usually used for large sets of data

improper fraction

a fraction in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator

coordinate plane

a grid formed by a horizontal line, called the x-axis, and the vertical line, called y-axis, that intersect at right angles

diameter of a circle

a line segment that connects two points on a circle and passes through its center; also the length of this segment

negative number

a number that is less than 0

commission

a percent of the total sales earned by a salesperson

center (of a circle)

a point within a circle that is the same distance from all points on the circle

cube

a prism that has six congruent square faces


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