Matter Unit Test
Classification: element v.s. compound
Elements cannot be further broken down, while compounds can
Which state of matter has a definite volume and takes the shape of its container? solid, liquid, gas, both liquid and gas
liquid
An example of an extensive property of matter is _______.
mass.
Classification: substance v.s. mixture
substances are chemically combined, while mixtures are physically blended
Element
substance that cannot be changed into simpler substances by chemical means
Distillation
1. a process in which a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is condensed again into a liquid 2. separation by different boiling points -liquid in liquid or solid dissolved in liquid -homogeneous mixture
Physical changes
Changes in the matter caused by a particular action doesn't change the composition of the substance ex. changes of state, temperature, volume, dimensions, loss of mass
Classification: heterogeneous v.s. homogeneous
Homogeneous mixtures, also known as solutions, are uniform throughout. Heterogeneous mixtures are not (different parts of mixture can be seen).
Chemical changes
Reactions result in the formation of new substances ex. combustion, corrosion, decomposition
Separatory Funnel
Separation by different densities -liquid in liquid -heterogeneous mixtures
Mixture
a physical blend of two or more components
Product
a substance formed in a chemical reaction
Which of the following is a chemical property? color, hardness, freezing point, ability to react with oxygen
ability to react with oxygen
All of the following are physical properties of matter except _____. mass, color, melting point, ability to rust
ability to rust
Which of the following cannot be classified as a substance? table salt, air, nitrogen, gold
air
Mass
amount of matter an object contains
Intensive property
are independent of the amount of the substance that is present ex. density, boiling point, color
Physical property
can be observed and measured without changing a substance into another substance ex. boiling point, density, mass, volume
Chemical property
can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance (reaction). It is the capacity of a substance to undergo a specific reaction ex. flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with acid
Compound
composed of two or more substances chemically combined in a fixed proportion
A golf ball has more mass than a tennis ball because it _______.
contains more matter.
A chemical change occurs when a piece of wood _______. is split, painted, cut, or decays
decays
Which of the following does not involve a physical change? mixing, melting, grinding, decomposing
decomposing
Extensive property
depend upon amount of the substance present ex. mass, volume, energy
Which state of matter takes both the shape and volume of its container? solid, liquid, gas, both liquid and gas
gas
Vapor
gaseous state if substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature
Which of the following is not an example of matter? air, heat, smoke, water vapor
heat
All of the following are physical properties of a substance in the liquid state except ______. indefinite volume, definite mass, not easily compressed, indefinite shape
indefinite volume
Heterogeneous mixture
not uniform in composition
Phase
part of a sample having uniform composition and properties
Chemical reaction
process in which substances are changed into different substances
Which of the following items is not a compound? baking soda, salad dressing, sucrose, table salt
salad dressing
Chromotography
separation by different chemical attraction to a stationary solid phase and a mobile liquid or gas phase -liquid in liquid, gas in gas or liquid, and solids dissolved in liquid
Filitration
separation by particle size -liquid and solid -heterogeneous mixtures
Inspection/sorting
separation by physical differences -solid in solid -heterogeneous mixtures
Which of the following materials is a substance? air, gasoline, stainless steel, silver
silver
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? air, salt water, steel, soil
soil
Which state of matter is characterized by having a definite shape and a definite volume? solid, liquid, gas or all of the above
solid