mbus 301: midterm review
Which of these is another term for hindsight bias?
"I knew it all along" effect
What are two types of outputs according to the systems viewpoint?
Finished products Employee satisfaction
Which are principal examples of conflict triggers?
Group differences Personality differences Cultural differences
Identify the two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement.
McGregor Maslow
Which conditions support teamwork? (Choose every correct answer.)
Mutual accountability among team members Work that is considered meaningful
Which statement about older workers is true?
Older workers are staying in the workforce longer.
What is important to Marie in the workplace is to be in charge and in a position of control over her co-workers. This reflects which of the following needs identified by McClelland's acquired needs theory?
Power
When is the ideal time to assess person-organization fit?
Prior to accepting a position
When making decisions for her department, Ellie tends to take a long time because she takes into consideration a large amount of information. What type of decision-making style does Ellie demonstrate?
analytical
An online retailer uses complex data-mining software to evaluate the preferences and buying habits of its customers and makes decisions based on these findings. This is an example of the use of ______ in the decision-making process.
analytics
A consensus is reached when all members are able to express their opinions ______.
and reach agreement to support the final decision
Functional organizational structures: (Choose every correct answer.)
are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups
performing
concentrating on solving problems and completing tasks
Teams with administrative oversight of their task domains are known as ______ teams.
self-managed
forming
the process of getting oriented and getting acquainted
Administrative management is concerned with managing:
the total organization
The manager and employee periodically reviewing the employee's performance represents the ______ step in management by objectives.
third
One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured ______ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.
training
According to the systems viewpoint, the part of a system that involves turning raw materials and knowledge into a new and different product or service is called _____.
transformational processes
True or false: CEOs are at a higher risk of being fired for ethical violations than ever before because the public has become less forgiving of unethical behavior.
true
True or false: One reason a company might create a bad strategic plan is because they make incorrect assumptions about what will happen in the market going forward
true
True or false: The availability bias means that your manager may give more weight to your most recent work rather than everything you have done over the course of year.
true
Which are elements of corporate governance that are tied to ethics? (Choose every correct answer.)
Accurate reporting Work environment Long-term plans
Which of the following business needs are typically supported by artificial intelligence? (Choose every correct answer.)
Automating business processes Engaging customers and employees Analyzing data
What are common results of groupthink?
Failure to consider new information Loss of new ideas
What are the types of goals in business? (Choose every correct answer.)
Long-term Short-term
Which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? (Choose every correct answer.)
Safety Physiological Esteem Love
What four disciplines are included in the behavioral science approach to management?
Sociology Economics Psychology Anthropology
What is the second step in management by objectives?
The manager develops an action plan.
What term describes retired workers' choice to return to the workforce?
Unretirement
A(n) ______ culture values flexibility and has an external focus.
adhocracy
Lucas is concerned that even if he puts forth effort and performs as expected, there are other individuals (i.e., flight crew, gate agents, etc.) who can still cause the on-time performance goal not to be met. Based on expectancy theory, which of the following is most closely related to Lucas's concern?
instrumentality
A distributor is sometimes referred to as a(n)
middle man
Lark's company has been operating for several years, contracting with the government to create solar arrays. In a recent election, the administration changed and several contracts for solar arrays were canceled. Lark has been meeting with his staff to figure out how to adapt to the lack of funds and keep the business going. This is an example of ______.
punctuated equilibrium
The four parts of a system include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
quality
Kerri Ann feels very tense at work these days. Three people in her department quit, and it is up to her to complete her own work plus all of the work they would have done. She is anxious and often responds rudely when her manager speaks with her about a project. Kerri Ann is experiencing _____.
stress
Reciprocal faith in others' intentions and behaviors is known as ______.
trust
Abstract ideals that guide a person's thinking and behavior in all situations are called ______.
values
A ______ team consists of members who collaborate over time and distance via electronic media.
virtual
A company's ______ statement should provide a clear sense of the future and the actions needed to get there.
vision
Millennials in the workforce: (Choose every correct answer.)
want work/life balance expect more from the organizations they do business with are concerned about a corporation's ethics, motives, and methods expect more from the organizations they work for
Maslow's hierarchy of needs resulted from the study of ______.
what motivates people to perform
Without having a plan in place, managers may focus only on ______ instead of keeping a long-range view and anticipating new opportunities.
whatever is in front of them
An organization's vision represents ______.
where the organization wants to go.
An employee who reports organizational misconduct to the public is known as a(n) _____.
whistle-blower
Flat organizations generally have few levels with ______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees.
wide
Place the steps you would use to determine your person-organization fit prior to a job interview in order, with the first step at the top.
1. create a list of your personal values, strengths, and weaknesses 2. create a list of your organization's values, strengths, and weaknesses 3. compares your values, strengths, and weaknesses to those of a organization, and prepare questions to ask a potential interviewer regarding P-O fit
Place the stages of group and team development in the correct order, with the first stage listed at the top and the last stage listed at the bottom.
1. forming 2. storming 3. norming 4. performing 5. adjourning
List the steps of the rational model of decision making in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom.
1. identify the problem or oppurtunity 2. think of alternative solutions 3. evaluate alternatives and select a solution 4. implement and evaluate the solution chosen
Place the steps of the planning/control cycle in the correct order, with step one listed first (at the top) and step four listed last (at the bottom)
1. make the plan 2. carry out the plan 3. control the direction by comparing results with the plan 4. control the direction by correcting deviations and/or improving future plans
Place the steps in the perceptual process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom.
1. selective attention 2. interpretation and evaluation 3. storing in memory 4. retrieving from memory to make judgements and decisions
Place the following obligations of a corporation (as identified by Carroll) in order, starting with the highest-level responsibility at the top of the list and placing the most fundamental obligation at the bottom of the list.
1.being a global good corporate citizen 2. being ethical in its practices 3. obeying the law 4. making a profit
What are requirements established by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002? (Choose every correct answer.)
A company's CEO and CFO must certify the accuracy of the company's financial reports. An organization must put procedures and guidelines in place for audit committees.
What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure?
A flat hierarchy Authority in a single person Low work specialization
What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit?
A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization
By adopting the systems viewpoint, you can visualize your organization as which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
A part of the larger environment A collection of subsystems
engaging in team reflexivity
A process whereby team members evaluate the team's objectives, strategies, and processes
Which description best fits the adhocracy organizational culture?
Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes
What is a characteristic of a successful work team?
All team members share a commitment to a clearly defined purpose.
What legislation prohibits discrimination against the disabled and requires organizations to provide reasonable accommodation for an individual's disabilities?
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
creating a team charter
An agreement among team members about how they will work together to make binding decisions and share accountability
What statement regarding ethical climates is TRUE?
An ethical climate significantly affects the frequency of ethical behavior.
According to a 1970s study, work groups that experience too little conflict also tend to experience which of the following?
Apathy Lack of creativity
What is the most common type of AI used today?
Automated business processes
Which of the following are core job characteristics in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.)
Autonomy Skill variety Task significance Feedback
Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement? (Choose every correct answer.)
Be clear about what behavior is desired. Give rewards as soon as possible.
Which approach to management relies upon research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics in order to develop theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers?
Behavioral science
Operating plans accomplish which of the following?
Break long-term output into short-term targets or goals
According to the 2019 Jobvite survey of 1,500 Americans. which is the most important motivating criteria to job seekers.
Career growth opportunities
Which one of the following best describes the decisions made by a person with an analytical style?
Carefully considers lots information and alternatives
What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory? (Choose every correct answer.)
Challenging Achievable Specific
Which management perspectives typically consider an organization to be a closed system? (Choose every correct answer.)
Classical management viewpoint Management science perspective
Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.)
Coaching Training Role modeling
Which of these are reasons for the increase in ethical violations among business leaders in the 21st century?
Companies are expanding operations into developing countries where ethical risks may be higher and laws less protective. Digital communications increase exposure to risk from both hackers and whistle-blowers.
According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?
Competence, autonomy and relatedness
Which of the following career-readiness competencies relate to evidence-based decision making?
Computational thinking Information technology application Critical thinking and problem solving
Which management viewpoint asks the question, "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?"
Contingency
Which of the following are the top challenges associated with AI? (Choose every correct answer.)
Cost Implementation Data issues
Organizational design is concerned with which activities? (Choose every correct answer.)
Creating structures of accountability and responsibility Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies
Jeremy feels it is important to include a department head from each area of the company in the decision to purchase an additional warehouse. What type of team does Jeremy want to form?
Cross-functional
Which of the following are characteristics of a Type A behavior pattern? (Choose every correct answer.)
Deadline-focused Competitive Hurried
What are advantages for a company that establishes deadlines? (Choose every correct answer.)
Deadlines aid in making quicker decisions. Deadlines motivate employees to focus on the goal
Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization?
Decorations Rituals Awards
Which of these are forces within an organization's general environment?
Economic Technological Demographic Sociocultural International Political-Legal
According to equity theory, which of the following would be characterized as inputs? (Choose every correct answer.)
Effort Training Experience
What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)
Effort to performance Performance to outcomes
Which traits are elements of an individual's core self-evaluation? (Choose every correct answer.)
Emotional stability Self-efficacy Self-esteem Locus of control
What are the components of the "Trust Triangle"? (Choose every correct answer.)
Empathy Authenticity Logic
The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas? (Choose every correct answer.)
Employees are underutilized. Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.
Which of these statements represent ideas that Peter Drucker introduced in his book The Practice of Management?
Employees should be treated as assets. A corporation can be thought of as a human community. Without customers, businesses wouldn't exist.
The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas?
Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.
Which one of the following would be considered the most appropriate action for a leader during the performing stage of team development?
Empower employees to work on tasks
Renata is using the systems perspective to analyze her company. Which of the following should be included in her input analysis?
Equipment
According to the systems viewpoint, what are three types of inputs?
Equipment Money People
Jared is from the United States, but is working in Mexico. He believes that his culture, language, and behavior are superior to those of his Mexican employees. This illustrates which one of the following concepts?
Ethnocentrism
What are Taylor's principles of scientific management?
Evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of it. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task.
What is the third stage of the rational model of decision making?
Evaluate alternatives and select a solution.
____ management encourages managers to make facts and logic the foundation of their approach to decision-making.
Evidence-based
What are the branches of quantitative management?
Evidence-based management Operations management
What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?
Expectancy
Vertical
Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control
Horizontal
Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers
Which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior? (Choose every correct answer.)
Extinction Punishment
Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Fairness Justice
Money is the best motivator.
False
True or false: Ethical standards do not vary among countries or cultures.
False
True or false: The term "diversity" is synonymous with differences.
False
True or false: Unlike generations before them, Millennials have little concern for the environment and are more interested in profit over planet.
False
Tyrone is reviewing customer response forms and learns that while some people like the company's new outerwear designs, the majority of customers do not. Which part of a system is Tyrone using to get his information?
Feedback
What is the modern way of designing jobs?
Fitting jobs to people
______ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.
Formal statements
What is the term for the way individuals perceive their ability to perform across a variety of different situations?
Generalized self-efficacy
Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?
Goal-setting theory
Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.)
Goal-setting theory Expectancy theory Equity theory
Which of the following are common ways that employees express burnout? (Choose every correct answer.)
Having accidents Displaying poor performance Calling in sick
How are older workers dealing with age discrimination? (Choose every correct answer.)
Having plastic surgery to look younger Shortening work histories on social media
Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?
Herzberg's two-factor theory
______ are strategies such as "rules of thumb" that simplify decision making.
Heuristics
People with high rates of self-efficacy, including generalized self-efficacy, tend to have what characteristics? (Choose every correct answer.)
High job performance Higher rates of motivation
Who is known as the "father of industrial psychology" because of his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces?
Hugo Munsterberg
Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making?
Intellectual stimulation
What types of justice are the components of organizational justice? (Choose every correct answer.)
Interactional Distributive Procedural
Which of the following questions would you use to evaluate alternatives in the third stage of the rational model of decision making?
Is it ultimately effective? Is it ethical? Is it feasible?
Which of the following statements are true about the classical perspective of management?
It emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently. It assumed that people were rational. It had two branches - scientific and administrative.
What are issues with the classical viewpoint? (Choose every correct answer.)
It fails to account for the importance of human needs. It views humans as cogs in a machine. It is overly mechanistic.
Which of these describe how knowledge of decision-making styles affects managers' work? (Choose every correct answer.)
It gives managers an understanding of how different people reach different conclusions. It allows managers to better identify personal strengths and weaknesses.
Which statement regarding a closed system is accurate?
It has little interaction with its environment.
Which of the following are reasons that employers value a proactive learning orientation? (Choose every correct answer.)
It helps employees refine and enhance their skills sets throughout their careers. It helps drive employee creativity and innovation.
Knowledge of decision-making styles can assist managers in many ways except for which one of the following?
It increases the biases of the manager toward their favorite style.
Which of the following are true about complexity theory?
It recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many interdependent parts that interact according to certain simple rules. It is the study of how order and pattern arise from complicated, chaotic systems. It is used in strategic management and organizational studies. It seeks to understand how organizations adapt to their environments.
Which of the following statements about strategic planning are true? (Choose every correct answer.)
It should communicate general goals and ways to achieve them. It requires visionary and directional thinking.
Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes?
Job characteristics model
Which are principal perspectives on motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)
Job design Content Process Reinforcement
What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people? (Choose every correct answer.)
Job enrichment Job enlargement
Which of these employees is involved in an ethical dilemma?
Jonah is deciding if he should add two hours to his time sheet for travel to a client meeting because his company does not reimburse for travel time.
Which employee is demonstrating ethical behavior?
Jordan did not accept a gift from his salesperson because he could tell it was a bribe to get him to buy products from the company.
Trevor likes to work on assignments in his own way. He feels that it is up to him to handle problems and take responsibility for the outcome, whether things go right or wrong. Which aspect of a core self-evaluation does Trevor demonstrate?
Locus of Control
based on what you've seen and heard from Roxandra, which one of the following Big 5 personality dimensions would best describe her?
Low emotional stability (high neuroticism)
A recent survey of U.S. companies showed that most companies use AI to do which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Make more effective decisions Enhance current offerings Optimize internal processes
According to free-market economist Friedman, what is the only social responsibility of a business?
Making profits
What is the first step in management by objectives?
Managers and employees jointly set objectives for the employee.
Which of these assumptions are made in the rational model of decision making?
Managers are able to make logical decisions without prejudice or emotional blind spots. Managers will always select the course of action that they know will most benefit the organization. Managers have complete, error-free information about alternative courses of action and their consequences.
In the strategic management process, the organization's strategies and strategic goals are formulated and implemented using ______.
Managers from all parts of the organization
Based on what you see in the Employee Complaint Log, what type of culture has HydroHealth been exhibiting?
Market
The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives?
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Herzberg's two-factor theory McClelland's acquired needs theory
Which individuals helped pioneer administrative management theory? (Choose every correct answer.)
Max Weber Charles Clinton Spaulding Henri Fayol
The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______.
McClelland's acquired needs theory
What are the three critical psychological states identified by the job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.)
Meaningfulness of work Responsibility for work outcomes Knowledge of actual results of the work
What makes a self-managed team unique?
Members of the team are given administrative oversight for their task area.
Which group is projected to make up almost 60% of the workforce by 2029?
Millennials and Gen Zers
Which models are characteristic nonrational models of decision making?
Models that describe how managers actually make decisions
How did CEO dismissals related to ethical concerns change between 2008 and 2018?
More CEOs were fired for misconduct.
Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture?
More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures Higher market share in clan and market cultures Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures
Which statistics about older workers are true?
More than half of workers over fifty are forced to retire before they are ready. Less than 10 percent of CEOs report diversity and inclusion strategies that deal with age.
Which statement is accurate regarding predicted trends in the United States during the next few decades?
More women will continue to be hired for top leadership jobs.
Which statements about motivation are true?
Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation. Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior.
What are the needs identified by McClelland as the basis for motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)
Need for affiliation Need for power Need for achievement
How does McClelland view needs?
Needs are something we learn from our culture.
Which of these represent measurable goals?
No more than 50% of cars should be sold below MSRP. Customer service agents should improve customer relations by making 10 follow-up calls each week.
Being willing to implement new ideas, processes, or directives is an aspect of which career readiness competency?
Openness to change
What area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being treated fairly at work?
Organizational justice
Which factors must work in concert to produce successful strategic execution? (Choose every correct answer.)
Organizational structure Organizational culture HR practices
Within the systems viewpoint, what four things are considered parts of a system? (Choose every correct answer.)
Outputs Transformational processes Inputs Feedback
In equity theory, the outputs received from an organization include which of the following?
Pay Praise Bonuses
Which of these organizations are considered special-interest groups? (Choose every correct answer.)
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals Mothers Against Drunk Driving
Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?
Physical design
Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe?
Physiological
Which of these are examples of business analytics?
Portfolio analysis Time-series forecast
Which are advantages of ensuring you have good potential fit with an organization before accepting a position? (Choose every correct answer.)
Positive work attitude Reduced intention to quit Reduced work stress
Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?
Process perspectives
Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.)
Processes Outcomes Activities
Which are characteristics of clan culture? (Choose every correct answer.)
Promotes a feeling of family Encourages collaboration among employees
What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.)
Psychological states Core job characteristics Work outcomes
In which ways did Munsterberg suggest that psychologists could contribute to industry? (Choose every correct answer.)
Recognize the psychological conditions necessary for employees to do their best work. Identify the people who are best suited for a job. Identify ways managers can encourage employees to take desired actions.
What does the technique called scientific management seek to do? (Choose every correct answer.)
Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs Increase employee efficiency Raise employee productivity
"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?
Reinforcement theory
Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following?
Rewards Status symbols
A ______ goal is one that is specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and has target dates.
SMART
What is the BEST example of a sociocultural force affecting an industry?
Sales of organic fruits and vegetables increase because more people want to eat healthier.
Which of the following are examples of what can function as the first stage in rational decision making by managers?
Sales shortfalls Poor product quality Customer complaints
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs proposes that people are motivated by which needs? (Choose every correct answer.)
Self-actualization Safety Physiological Love Esteem
Learned helplessness is associated with which facet of a core self-evaluation?
Self-efficacy
_____ occurs when people's expectations of themselves lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Successful implementation of major decisions requires which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Sensitivity to those affected by the decision Careful planning
Which of the following are examples of big data? (Choose every correct answer.)
Social network communications Data in corporate databases Web-browsing data trails Surveillance data
The management approach of _____ was one of the first to recognize that enriching the lives of organizational and community family was just as important as a company making a profit?
Spaulding
_____ groups try to influence specific issues, some of which may affect your organization.
Special-interest
Select all of the positive features of bureaucracy according to Max Weber. (Choose every correct answer.)
Specialists for complex tasks Formal rules and procedures Impersonality Merit-based careers Clear hierarchy
What are characteristics of SMART goals? (Choose every correct answer.)
Specific Results-oriented Attainable Have target dates Measurable
Which broad term identifies anyone impacted by a business, including but not limited to stockholders, employees, and customers?
Stakeholders
Which groups are parts of the task environment? (Choose every correct answer.)
Strategic allies Local communities Distributors Government regulators
negative reinforcement
Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative
crises
Sudden occasions of terror, such as a tornado or fire
People with a conceptual decision-making style are likely to do which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Take risks Rely on intuition Find creative solutions
Which core job characteristic describes the extent to which a job requires the worker to perform all of the tasks needed to complete the job from beginning to end?
Task identity
Which of the following are characteristics of a project team? (Choose every correct answer.)
Team meetings happen virtually or face to face. It is task or problem oriented. It meets as needed depending on the assignment.
What occurs as a result of the horizontal organizational design?
Teams are used to improve collaboration and work.
Value orientation reflects the extent to which an individual focuses on which of the following dimensions?
Technical concerns or social concerns
According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations?
The corporate headquarters of a global technology company A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat
What are three characteristics that affect decision making by a group? (Choose every correct answer.)
The efficiency of the group The size of the group The knowledge of group members
Task significance
The extent to which a job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside the organization
Autonomy
The extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/or deciding how to perform them
Skill variety
The extent to which a job requires a worker to use a wide range of different abilities
Task identity
The extent to which a job requires the worker to perform everything needed to complete the job from beginning to end
Conscientiousness
The extent to which a person is dependable, reliable, and responsible
Openness to experience
The extent to which a person is imaginative, curious, and broad-minded
Extroversion
The extent to which a person is outgoing, sociable, and assertive
Emotional stability
The extent to which a person is relaxed, secure, and unworried
Agreeablness
The extent to which a person is trusting, cooperative, and good-natured
What is organizational commitment?
The extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals
Feedback
The extent to which workers receive clear, direct information about how well they are performing the job
Which should be included in a firm's business model?
The firm's expected revenues and expenses How the firm will market to customers A description of the industry the firm is entering
giving team members a voice
The freedom team members feel to express their constructive opinions, concerns, or ideas about work-related issues
Which of the following is an accurate description of decision making?
The process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action
A company's values statement expresses which of the following things?
The values its employees embody What the company stands for What its products contribute to the world The company's core priorities
Which statements about norms are true? (Choose every correct answer.)
They are general rules of behavior. They exert a powerful influence on group behavior. They are typically unwritten.
What are characteristics of virtual teams? (Choose every correct answer.)
They communicate electronically. They work together over time. They work together over distance
Which of the following are true about long-term goals? (Choose every correct answer.)
They focus on achieving strategies in the company's strategic plan. They are also referred to as strategic goals. They span one to five years.
What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans?
They link rewards to performance. They are agreed on by both employees and managers.
According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, when did employees work harder? (Choose every correct answer.)
They thought managers cared about their welfare. They received added attention. They believed supervisors paid special attention to them
When Kendra's manager asked the team to come up with new ideas for attracting people to their trade show booth, Kendra suggested installing a video game in the booth. Which part of the rational decision-making process does Kendra's idea exemplify?
Think up alternative solutions.
Which of the following is a primary use of AI among U.S. companies?
To gain competitive advantage
Why is it important to manage employees as individuals who have different personalities and circumstances?
To influence the way employees behave
Select the types of organizational design. (Choose every correct answer.)
Traditional Horizontal Open boundary
Social intelligence refers to the ability to connect with others in a meaningful way and recognize and understand other people's feelings and thoughts.
True
True or false: Frederick Taylor is associated with the scientific management approach to management.
True
True or false: Pay for performance allows different salaried employees to get different pay raises and other rewards.
True
What are three types of learning opportunities? (Choose every correct answer.)
Tuition reimbursement Studying co-workers Learning and development
A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?
Two-factor theory
Laura talks fast, walks fast, eats fast, and is in a constant rush to accomplish everything she thinks she needs to do. Which of the following BEST describes Laura's behavior?
Type A behavior pattern
positive reinforcement
Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior
One of the characteristics of SMART goals is that they are stated in specific rather than vague terms. Match each goal below to indicate whether it is vague or specific. Instructions
Vague - as many planes as possible should arrive on time Specific - ninenty % of planes should arrive within 15 minutes of their scheduled arrival time
Decision-making styles vary along which two dimensions? (Choose every correct answer.)
Value orientation Tolerance for ambiguity
Identify the types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries. (Choose every correct answer.)
Virtual Hollow Modular
extinction
Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced
Punishment
Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive
The vision statement should answer which of these questions?
What do we want to become?
A mission statement addresses which question?
What is our reason for being?
Under which circumstances is spurring constructive conflict beneficial? (Choose every correct answer.)
When facing high employee turnover When group members are resistant to change When dealing with an apathetic work group
_____ sometimes risk their jobs by coming forward about organizational misconduct and thus need to be protected.
Whistle-blowers
What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?
Who specializes in what work Who reports to whom
Which of the following statements regarding horizontal design are true? (Choose every correct answer.)
Workgroups are used to improve collaboration This design is also called a team-based design Internal boundaries are broken down
A supervisor who considers employees to be irresponsible and resistant to change would be characterized as a Theory _______ manager.
X
If you believe your employees are capable of taking on responsibility with sufficient self-direction and self-control, you are a Theory ___ manager.
Y
Should hydrohealth shift its culture? If so, to what?
Yes, they should shift toward a hierarchy culture
What would occur in the third step of management by objectives?
You and your manager meet to review progress.
Which assumption about the U.S. workforce is true?
Young college graduates are earning less than they used to.
A business plan is a document that outlines ______.
a proposed firm's goals, strategy for achieving them, and standards for measuring success
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires organizations to provide a reasonable _____ for individuals with disabilities in the workplace.
accommodation
Authority in organizations means ______, meaning managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks.
accountability
John has a strong desire to perform difficult tasks well. He is motivated by personal standards of excellence. John has a high need for ______.
achievement
Behavior is defined as the combination of which two elements? (Choose every correct answer.)
actions judgement
What are the two branches of the classical viewpoint of management?
administrative scientific
When companies link up with one another in order to realize certain advantages, they are known as strategic _____.
allies
Goals that are challenging but are realistic and achievable within the scope of the resources available to a company satisfy which aspect of SMART goal criteria?
attainable
A learned predisposition toward a given object is a(n)
attitude
Travis asked his mother if he should look for a new job because he wasn't happy in his current one. She told him it probably wouldn't matter because he was never happy with any job. His mother was commenting on Travis's ______.
attitude
Theory X and Theory Y focus on managers'
attitudes
Implicit bias is characterized by the ______.
attitudes and beliefs that we unconsciously hold about groups of people
The activity of inferring causes for observed behavior is known as causal _______.
attribution
______ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources.
authority
Ignoring or suppressing a conflict is known as using a(n) ______ style.
avoiding
When the conversation with her coworker started to get tense, Mariah announced, "I don't want to talk about it" and left the room. Which conflict-handling style does this demonstrate?
avoiding
Which conflict handling style does Kira exhibit?
avoiding
Dysfunctional conflict is ______ for the organization.
bad
What are two examples of economic forces within a company's general environment?
bank interest rates the unemployment rate
McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y based on the realization that managers should _____.
be aware of their attitudes toward employees
People's values and attitudes affect their workplace _____, which includes their actions and judgments.
behavior
The _____ viewpoint places emphasis on the importance of understanding the actions of humans and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement?
behavioral
Rather than holding formal meetings in the board room, Kevin prefers meeting with his group over lunch at a restaurant. He feels that his group opens up more during these lunches and opinions are openly exchanged. Which style of decision making does Kevin use?
behavorial
Which decision-making style is the most people oriented of the four styles?
behavorial
Stores of data that are so large or complex that it is difficult to process them using traditional database management applications are known as ______.
big data
An organization's internal stakeholders consist of
board of directors, employees, owners
Cash awards given to employees who achieve specific performance objectives are called ______.
bonsues
Elaine surpassed her sales goal and earned a small cash award for her strong performance. This is an example of a ___.
bonus program
A(n) ______ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks.
boundaryless
Michelle met with her five employees around a table and asked each of them to take five minutes to write down what they personally thought their new facility should include. She then collected the information and wrote it on the white board for all of them to view and decide upon. Michelle is using the ______ technique.
brainstorming
What is the name of a technique used to help groups generate multiple ideas for solving problems in which potential ideas or solutions are collected (sometimes anonymously) and written on a board or flip chart?
brainstorming
The retail store where David works always adds extra staff during the busy holiday season and summer months. Managers know that this additional staff will relieve some of the stress year-round employees feel. The addition of the extra staff is an example of a _____.
buffer
Administrative changes that managers can make to reduce the stressors that lead to employee burnout are called _____.
buffers
Max Weber said that a better-performing organization should have five positive _____ features including a clear hierarchy, formal procedures, clear division of labor, impersonality, and merit-based careers.
bureaucratic
When an individual reaches a state of emotional, mental, or even physical exhaustion, it is called _____.
burnout
A document that outlines a proposed firm's goals, its strategy for achieving those goals, and the standards for measuring success is known as a _______.
business plan
The process of ensuring that the strategic goals set at the top align with more specific short-term goals at lower organizational levels is known as ______ goals.
cascading
Rites and rituals, which are activities and ______ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.
ceremonies
In terms of SMART goals, an "attainable" goal is ______.
challenging but achievable
A ______ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control.
clan
The purpose of a code of ethics is to ______.
clearly state top management's expectations for all employees
An organization's ethical _____ represents employees' perceptions about the extent to which the work environment supports ethical behavior.
climate
Major changes in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and similar matters occurring over several decades is known as _______.
climate change
A formal set of standards guiding an organization's actions is called a _____.
code of ethics
The "we feeling" that binds group members together is called group ______.
cohesiveness
Sharing information and coordinating efforts among individuals to achieve a common objective is known as ______.
collaboration
When planning her company's annual sales meeting, Cynthia sets up a chat room months in advance and encourages people from each department to share their needs and concerns about the meeting. Armed with this information, Cynthia coordinates with key departmental team members to make sure they all work together to create a productive and effective sales meeting. This is an example of ______.
collaboration
Louisa is a real estate salesperson. When she sells a house, she earns a sales ______ equal to 6 percent of the sales price of the house.
commission
According to Schein, which organizational feature unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being?
common purpose
An organization's ability to produce goods or services more effectively than its competitors is referred to as its ______.
competitive advantage
Four restaurants that are all seeking to attract the same customers would be categorized as _______.
competitors
The people or organizations that vie with your company for customers or resources are known as _____.
competitors
Which of the following verbs would be appropriate for a results-oriented goal? (Choose every correct answer.)
complete decrease acquire
Team ______ reflects the collection of jobs, personalities, values, knowledge, experience, and skills of team members.
composition
Sarah's proposal that nurse practitioners be able to discharge patients is reflective of which conflict handling style?
compromising
Which decision-making style is characterized by a high tolerance for ambiguity and the consideration of many options together with a willingness to take risks?
conceptual
Connie's team members criticize her for being outspoken and for not keeping them informed of her progress as often as they think she should. The criticism she receives is an example of ______.
conflict
One management responsibility is to identify when to create ______, not simply when to mitigate it.
conflict
______ is a process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party.
conflict
Sources of conflict, such as differences between personalities, groups, or cultures, are called ______.
conflict triggers
According to the ____ viewpoint, a management problem should be handled according to the individual and the environmental situation.
contingency
In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through ______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor.
coordinated effort
Self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability are traits that make up an individual's ______.
core self-evaluation
Running a company and protecting the interests of owners and other stakeholders is known as _____.
corporate governance
Today, it is stressed even more that companies go beyond just making a profit and take into consideration the environment and philanthropic initiatives. This is known as practicing ______.
corporate social responsibility
A community task force consisting of police officers, emergency service personnel, and other support service staff who work with the public is meeting to determine the best response system for the 911 services of a town. This task force is an example of a(n) ______ team.
cross-functional
In order to implement a particular organizational strategy, managers must determine the right kind of organizational: (Choose every correct answer.)
culture structure
Sofia paid for a haircut and some hair-care products at a local salon. In the task environment, Sofia would be classified as a _______.
customer
Those who pay to use an organization's services or to buy their goods are called ______.
customers
______ help us to stay focused on the big picture, concentrate and make quicker decisions rather than putting them off, and ignore unimportant matters.
deadlines
A _____ is a choice made from available alternatives.
decision
A graph of decisions and their possible consequences used to create a plan is known as a(n) ______.
decision tree
Recent trends show that the percentage of the labor force represented by unions has _____.
decreased
Diversity in the US workforce is increasing in terms of race, ethnicity, and age groups. These are all examples of _____ forces.
demographic
_____ forces are influences on an organization arising from changes in the characteristics of the population, such as age, gender, or ethnic origin.
demographic
Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job:
design
The method of programmed conflict that assigns a person to the role of critic is known as ______.
devil's advocacy
During an office debate, Jan is assigned the job of voicing possible objections to proposals. The goal is to generate critical thinking and reality testing. Jan is playing the role of ______,
devil's advocate
Jackson likes to hear the facts of a situation and make a quick decision based on these facts. His employees say he likes to focus on the here and now and doesn't consider future repercussions of his decisions. What type of decision-making style does Jackson use?
directive
People with a(n) ______ decision-making style have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are task oriented. They are efficient, logical, and practical in their approach to solving problems and making decisions. Which style do they use?
directive
People with the ______ style of decision making are action oriented and like to focus on facts. They also tend to be autocratic-type managers.
directive
A person or an organization that helps another organization sell its goods and services to customers is called a(n) ______.
distributor
It is important to Jan to have a work team that consists of a variety of people from different backgrounds. She wants people from different religions, of different ages, and with a variety of job skills. Jan is concerned with having:
diversity
_____ represents all the ways people are unlike and alike - the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background.
diversity
With ______, an organization can parcel out the entire complex work effort to be performed by specialists, which results in greater efficiency.
division of labor
A manager with a "my way or the highway" approach to a conflict is demonstrating which conflict-handling style?
dominanting
Kira allowed the conflict between Blake and Sarah to turn
dysfunctional
What type of conflict is defined by the fact that it hinders the organization's performance or threatens its interests?
dysfunctional
_____ forces consist of conditions such as unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and economic growth that may affect an organization's performance.
economic
A company's strategy can best be described as a(n) ______ about what long-term goals or direction to pursue for the survival or prosperity of the organization.
educated guess
According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational ______ varies along two dimensions.
effectiveness
The original focus of the Hawthorne studies was the:
effects of lighting levels on worker productivity.
Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by ______.
embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements
The ability to monitor your own feelings and those of others and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions is referred to as _____.
emotional intelligence
_____ is defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.
employee enaggement
What is the most valuable competitive resource for a manager who needs alternative solutions to a problem?
employees with ideas
Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: (Choose every correct answer.)
encourage employee productivity send a strong message about the culture
Jenna loves her job. She is known as the "cheerleader" of the department because she is enthusiastic about every project and highly focused. Jenna displays employee _____.
engagement
Cascading goals is the process of ______.
ensuring that strategic goals at the top align with the short-term goals set at lower levels in the organization
Managers can limit conflicts brought about by ______ by treating employees equally, being open about why some employees are rewarded, and offering mentoring programs.
envy
Negative feelings of inferiority and resentment that arise when people compare themselves with other people or groups who have something they want are referred to as ______.
envy
Philosophies, beliefs, and norms that are explicitly stated by the organization reflect its ______ values.
espoused
Self - ___________is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves.
esteem
A(n) _____ dilemma is a situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is unethical or even illegal.
ethical
Behavior that is accepted as proper according to a society's prevailing values is known as _______ behavior.
ethical
An organization's standards of right and wrong that influence employee behavior are referred to as _______.
ethics
_____ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, and/or behavior are superior to those of another culture.
ethnocentrism
The goal seems to be a nonstarter for the team as they have never mishandled fewer than 200 bags, let alone hitting the goal of 100 bags. Based on expectancy theory, this is a(n) ________ problem.
expectancy
The development of team roles arises from the ______ of the team, the organization, and the team members themselves.
expectations
Espoused values in an organization's culture represent the ______.
explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers
People who are outside an organization but are still affected by the organization are called the ______.
external stakeholders
Mary Parker Follett felt that managers should act as ______ rather than dictators.
facilitators
True or false: Overconfidence bias is the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way a situation or problem is presented to them.
false
True or false: Soft skills do not have a role in evidence-based decision making.
false
True or false: Value orientation reflects the extent to which a person is unethical.
false
Cheyenne has a small bakery specializing in gourmet cupcakes. In response to customer demand, she has added gluten-free cupcakes to her menu. This customer demand would be characterized as _____.
feedback
The Sarbanes-Oxley Reform Act was established to monitor ______ of public institutions.
financial records
Managers and subordinates jointly setting subordinate objectives is the ______ step in management by objectives.
first
Team performance improves when members demonstrate a high degree of ______.
fit
Vondra believes that if her company created a problem for the local farm community by rationing water supplies, then her company needs to give those farmers grant money so they can get back on their feet. Vondra is advocating _____ corporate social responsibility.
for
A group established by an organization to accomplish specific goals is called a(n) ______ group.
formal
Jen's department has been assigned the task of developing new flavors for the company's line of soft drinks. In this instance, the department members function as a(n) ______ group.
formal
Which of the following methods do you recommend we use to change the culture?
formal statements
During the first stage of team development, called ______, members get oriented and acquainted with each other.
forming
Susan's team is going through the ______ stage of team development. In this stage, team members are becoming oriented with the group's processes and getting acquainted with one another.
forming
At the beginning of the meeting Kira does not properly lead the team during the ______ stage of team development. Therefore; the team was stuck in the ______ stage.
forming;storming
Managers and subordinates meeting to appraise performance, discuss results, and allocate rewards is the ______ step in management by objectives.
fourth
An organizational structure where people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups is called a ______ structure.
functional
The macroenvironment is also known as the _______ environment.
general
When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should ______.
give rewards as soon as possible
The rise in the average temperature near the Earth's surface due to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is called _____ and is one aspect of climate change.
global warming
In business, a specific commitment to achieve a measurable result within a stated period of time is called a ______.
goal
Corporate _______ is the system of company oversight designed to ensure that the interests of owners and other stakeholders are protected.
governance
A ______ is defined as two or more freely interacting individuals who share collective norms and goals and have a common identity.
group
Connor, Luke, and Mason are co-workers who meet regularly after work to talk about the latest video games on the market and strategies for improving their scores on the games. This is an example of a ______.
group
All the following are characteristics of group decision making except ______.
groups make decisions quickly
Jai is a member of a tight-knit team at work that avoids any kind of disagreement. Team members, therefore, avoid considering new ideas. What behavior is Jai's team exhibiting?
groupthink
Forming a positive impression of an individual based on a single trait is called _____.
halo effect
Ramon portrayed which of the following team roles?
harmonizer
Simple irritants, such as misplacing your keys or a phone number, are referred to as ______.
hassles
An organizational ______ is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing.
hero
based on what you've seen and heard from marcus, which one of the following big 5 personality dimensions would best describe him?
high conscientiousness
The tendency of people to view events as being more predictable than they really are is referred to as ____________ bias
hindsight
In order to follow Mary Parker Follett's concept of integration, a company should ______.
hold meetings between managers and workers to solve problems in a mutually beneficial way
When an organization has a central core of key functions and outsources others to vendors who can do them cheaper and faster, the organization is said to have a ______ structure.
hollow
Within a boundaryless organization, the ______ structure is also called a network structure.
hollow
A means-end chain is used in planning to show ______.
how goals are connected across an organization
A person's decision-making style is a combination of how a person perceives something as well as ______.
how they respond to it
The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______.
human capital
Maslow and McGregor focused on the study of ______ as it relates to increasing worker productivity.
human relations
The first stage in the rational decision-making process involves ______.
identifying the problem
Theory Y managers view workers as which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
imaginative and creative accepting of responsibility self-directed
In the fourth stage of rational decision making, managers will ______.
implement and evaluate the chosen solution
The most cited challenge to artificial intelligence (AI) is:
implementation
What is the term for the attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner?
implicit bias
What is the primary cause of failure for strategic initiatives?
improper execution
Studies have shown that a conflict-free work group tends to be a(n) ______ work group.
inactive
In the __________ approach to solving ethical dilemmas, there is the assumption that people will act ethically in the short run to avoid others harming them in the long run.
individual
Scientific management is the study of work methods to improve the productivity of _____.
individual workers
One flaw in the _____ approach to ethical decision making is that one person's short-term self-gain may not in fact be good for everyone in the long term.
indiviual
Causal attribution is the act of ______.
inferring causes for observed behavior
Strategic planning can help encourage new ideas by stressing the importance of ______ in achieving long-range success.
innovation
In equity theory, the education, experience, and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of ______.
inputs
According to the systems perspective, transformational processes are responsible for turning
inputs into outputs.
As the CEO of a pharmaceutical company, Simone learned that the government was about to block the import of one of the company's biggest-selling drugs. She decides to sell her shares of stock before the information is made public. Since she used confidential information to make her decision, she is guilty of _____.
insider trading
People who buy or sell stock illegally based on confidential company information are engaging in _____.
insider trading
A team that relies heavily on interpersonal interactions to complete tasks is said to have a high degree of ______ among team members.
interdependence
The people inside of an organization who have an important stake in how it performs are the organization's _____ stakeholders.
internal
A system is a set of _____ parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
interrelated
Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______.
is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort
Division of labor, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______.
is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization
Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______.
job design
The scientific approach to management emerged in the early 20th century when companies wished to increase worker productivity to counteract _____.
labor shortages
Theory X managers view workers as
lacking ambition
An organization's ______ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.
leaders
According to Henri Fayol, what are the major functions of management? (Choose every correct answer.)
leading planning controlling organizing
The debilitating lack of faith in your ability to control your environment is referred to as ______.
learned helplessness
The extent to which people believe that they control their fate through their own efforts is called _____.
locus of control
based on what you've seen and heard from sima, which one of the following big 5 personality dimensions would best describe him?
low openess
After William's boss asked him to compile sales figures for the past three years, William pulled together the information and turned it over to his boss. After several days of not getting any feedback from his boss, William worried that he hadn't done a good job in presenting the information. William is demonstrating:
low self-esteem.
According to Archie B. Carroll, the responsibilities of an organization can be arranged as a pyramid, with _____ at the base and _____ at the top.
making a profit; corporate citizenship
Bagley's decision tree is specifically designed for use when ______.
making ethical choices
Peter Drucker is credited with providing the first modern handbook on the subject of ______.
managament
The classical viewpoint of management emphasizes ways to ______.
manage work more efficiently
Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.
management
Strategic ______ is a process that involves managers from all levels of the organization in the formulation and the implementation of strategies and strategic goals.
management
When Mary Parker Follett referred to the use of "communities" within an organization, she meant that ______.
managers and subordinates should work together to solve issues
Operations management focuses on _____.
managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively
More positive organizational outcomes are associated with ______ cultures.
market
Short-term (tactical) goals are connected to long-term (strategic) goals in a hierarchy called the _______.
means-end chain
To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______.
measurable
One issue with the classical viewpoint is that it tends to view humans as cogs in a machine, thereby rendering it overly _____.
mechanistic
Pay for performance, basing pay on one's results, is also known as ______ pay.
merit
Who is responsible for tactical planning?
middle management
A company's _____ is the purpose of the organization.
mission
The ______ statement expresses the purpose of an organization.
mission
The question "what is our reason for being?" should be answered by the organization's ______ statement.
mission
A firm's business _______ should include a description of the need the firm will fill, the operations of the business, its components and functions, and the expected revenues and expenses.
model
The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______.
modification
Emotional intelligence reflects the ability to: (Choose every correct answer.)
monitor your and others' feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions use emotions and emotional knowledge to enhance thought carry out accurate reasoning about emotions
The purpose of management by objectives (MBO) is to ______ subordinates.
motivate
The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______.
motivation
People who feel greater job satisfaction are also likely to experience greater ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
motivation commitment to the organization life satisfcation
In organizational culture, a story is a(n) ______.
narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value.
Charles Clinton Spaulding, one of the pioneering theorists of administrative management, proposed eight _____ of management based in part on his childhood experiences working at his father's fields.
necessities
Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______.
needs
The team raises concerns about the volume of bags they have compared to smaller regional airports. Specifically, Sophia mentions that they have to work just as hard, if not harder, than crews at smaller airports, but are held to the same margin of error. Which of the following best portrays what Sophia is feeling?
negative inequity
distress
negative stress that can cause anxiety and illness
As a manager, Colin realizes that there is no single formula for making easy decisions. In reality, business decisions he has to make involve uncertainty and risk. This describes the ______ model of decision making.
nonrational
During the ______ stage of team development, conflicts are resolved, close relationships develop, and unity and harmony emerge.
norming
During which stage of group development would group cohesiveness be a factor?
norming
In Jack's work group, members are developing close interpersonal relationships that have led to an emerging sense of unity and harmony within the team. This is an example of what happens during the ______ stage of group development.
norming
What general guidelines or rules of acceptable behavior are followed by most members of a group or team, even though they are often unwritten and seldom discussed?
norms
Management by ______ is a four-step process in which managers and employees jointly set objectives, develop action plans, review performance, and appraise and reward employees.
objectives
Symbols in organizational culture represent ______.
objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others
Trisha and her co-worker are making plans about where to go for lunch. Since they are having trouble making a decision, Trisha says, "Look, let's just go wherever you'd like." What conflict-handling style is Trisha demonstrating?
obliging
Two members of the team Katya was managing were at odds over whose job it was to collect water samples and whose job it was analyze them for pollutants. Katya resolved the issue by assigning one team member to do the collecting and another to do the analyzing. In this example, which conflict-handling style did Katya use?
obliging
The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its ______.
observable artifacts
Evidence-based decision relies on ______.
observations about what actually works
Systems that have continual interaction with their environment are known as _____ systems.
open
When a coworker voiced an opinion with which Jeb disagreed, he calmly stated, "I don't agree with that approach, but I'd like to get a better understanding of your objections to see what other approaches we might consider." Which conflict-handling behavior is Jeb demonstrating?
openess
It is the function of the ______ to take the strategic plan and develop actionable short-term goals that a business can achieve.
operating plan
First-line managers are typically responsible for performing ______ planning within the organization.
operational
______ planning is used to determine how to accomplish specific tasks with available resources within the next 1 -- 52 weeks.
operational
A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.
organization
The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as person-______ fit.
organization
A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.
organizational
What interdisciplinary field is dedicated to understanding and management of people at work?
organizational behavior
In terms of the systems viewpoint, profits and losses are types of _______.
outputs
When analyzing the pay scale of her staff, Nanci saw that several equivalent positions in the department were paid at various rates. She felt that they needed to be balanced. Which aspect of equity theory is Nanci taking into consideration?
outputs
The ______ bias occurs when people's positive feelings about their own decision-making ability is greater than their objective accuracy.
overconfidence
You fall prey to the overconfidence bias when you ______ your knowledge or expertise in a decision situation.
overestimate
The ______ of an organization consist of all those who can claim it as their legal property.
owners
The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment is called ______.
perception
What are the types of employee behavior that managers can influence?
performance and productivity organizational citizenship behavior turnover and absenteeism counterproductive work behaviors
Having already developed relationships with one another, Mikel's team members are now starting to focus on solving problems and completing their assigned tasks. Mikel's team has now entered the ______ stage of team development.
performing
In organizational culture, a hero is a(n) ______.
person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values.
The degree to which someone's personality and values align with the organizational culture of a firm is called ______.
person-organization fit
Contingency factors refer to the degree to which individuals want ___.
personal and psychological development
Identify what constitute the combination of traits, which result from the interaction of genes and environment.
personality
Sam and Eric do not get along well because Sam is very rigid and goes "by the book," while Eric is much more likely to bend the rules. This is an example of which type of conflict?
personality
The stable behavioral and psychological characteristics responsible for a person's identity are known as _____.
personality
Which type of conflict is best described as interpersonal opposition based on dislike or disagreement among individuals?
personality
Target donates millions of dollars each year in education-related grants for arts and cultural experiences, field trips, and reading programs, as well as grants to promote public safety. This is an example of _______.
philanthropy
The act of contributing money in order to benefit society is referred to as _______.
philanthropy
A pay-for-performance plan in which employees are paid according to their productivity is referred to as ______.
piece rate
Merilee is a seamstress in a garment factory, and she is paid $10 for each skirt she produces. What compensation plan does this describe?
piece rate
A company's triple bottom line represents which aspects? (Choose every correct answer.)
planet people profit
The _______ process helps us to cope with uncertainty by formulating future courses of action designed to help achieve specified results.
planning
The purpose of ______ is to set goals and decide on the courses of action that will be used to achieve them.
planning
You can use the continuous feedback loop known as the ______ cycle to ensure you're headed in the right direction once you've made plans.
planning/control
eustress
positive stress that can simulate better coping and adaptation
According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, a "control freak" might be described as an individual with normal achievement needs, a low level of affiliation needs, and a very high level of ______ needs.
power
Organizational behavior is a field of study that explains and ______ behavior.
predicts
adjourning
preparing for disbandment of the group or team
The rational model of decision making is considered ______ in that it describes how managers should make decisions rather than how they actually make them.
prescriptive
A(n) ______ learning orientation represents the desire to learn and improve one's knowledge, soft-skills, and other characteristics in pursuit of personal development.
proactive
Interdependent actions taken by team members that turn inputs into collective outcomes are known as team ______.
processes
An organization has a sustainable competitive advantage when, for an extended period of time, it can ______.
produce goods and services more effectively than its competitors do
The distribution to employees of a percentage of the company's profits is known as ______.
profit sharing
What type of incentive compensation plan involves the distribution of a portion of the company's profits to employees?
profit sharing
Jonathan manages a team that has to decide whether to pursue a new business opportunity in Japan. He splits the team into opposing sides and has them engage in role-playing to help them consider the decision from multiple perspectives. This is an example of ______ conflict.
programmed
What type of conflict is designed to elicit different opinions without inciting people's personal feelings?
programmed
A ______ team works to address a particular problem or specific task. Team members can come from the same or different departments.
project
Suppliers are people or organizations that
provide raw materials, services, equipment, labor, or energy to other organizations.
The field of industrial ______ (the study of human behavior in the workplace) is based on Hugo Munsterberg's theories.
psychology
Groups often develop through ______, characterized by alternating periods of stable functioning and events that cause dramatic change in norms, roles, and/or objectives.
punctuated equilibrium
The "measurable" aspect of a SMART goal refers to its ability to be ______.
quantified
Evidence-based management attempts to introduce which factor into the decision-making process?
rationality
Evidence-based management focuses on bringing _____ to the decision process.
rationality
Even though not everyone in the meeting agreed with the final decision, the group decided to proceed and replace all existing machine parts in the warehouse. In this situation, the group had ______.
reached a consensus
The _____ effect is the tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information.
recency
Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as ______.
reinforcement
The ______ bias reflects our tendency to generalize from a small sample or single event.
representativeness
A manager who hires all applicants who have graduated from a certain college because a particularly good employee came from that same college is an example of ______.
representativeness bias
norming
resolution of conflicts, and the emergence of unity and harmony among group members
When stating a goal, it is a good idea to start with the word "To" and follow with an action-oriented verb such as "increase" or "acquire." This describes the ______ aspect of SMART goals.
results-oriented
If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of ______ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.
rewards
Organizations can use ______, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.
rites and rituals
A ______ is a set of behaviors that people expect of individuals in a certain position.
role
Sales representatives are paid a percentage of the earnings the company made from their sales in the form of a ______.
sales commission
The extent to which you feel positive or negative about various aspects of your work is called job ______.
satisifcation
The third and fourth principles of _____ suggest that organizations should give workers the training and incentives to do their tasks properly, and should use scientific principles to plan work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs.
scientific management
Employees preparing action plans represents the ______ step in management by objectives.
second
The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.
self-determination
Liam knew that everyone else thought he was lazy and incompetent, so rather than tell his work team about an idea, he just let them do all of the work. As a result, his coworkers continued to feel he was lazy and incompetent. What does Liam's behavior demonstrate?
self-fulfilling prophecy
Mary Parker Follett would agree with today's concept of _____.
self-managed teams
What is a core feature of all work teams?
shared purpose
Social intelligence is best expressed by ______.
showing empathy toward others
Hassles
simple irritants, such as misplacing things or being overworked
An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a ______.
simple structure
Heuristics are strategies that ______ the process of making decisions.
simplify
strong sessors
situations that can dramatically strain a person's ability to adapt, such as frequent migraine headaches
According to the job characteristics model, the extent to which a job requires the job holder to use a wide range of different talents and abilities is known as ______.
skill variety
What Tamika loves about her job is that every day brings new challenges, and she can use different talents and abilities to complete her job tasks. This is an example of which core job characteristic?
skill variety
A manager's responsibility to take actions that benefit both society and the business is known as _____ responsibility.
social
A company's triple bottom line measures which aspects of its performance? (Choose every correct answer.)
social financial environmental
A(n) _____ force represents the influences and trends originating in the human relationships of a society that may affect industries.
sociocultural
If you run a one-person operation with no other investors or employees, your company is a(n):
sole proprietorship
The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to ______.
span of control
The letter S in the acronym SMART goal stands for what aspect of a good goal?
specific
A company's decision to move its operations out of the country will affect its employees, owners, suppliers, distributors, and everyone else who has an interest in the business. All of these groups together make up the company's _____.
stakeholders
Karen was surprised when her friend said that the man at the first table in the restaurant must be a great basketball player just because he was tall and African American. Karen's friend was making a:
stereotype
The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics you believe are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is known as _____.
stereotyping
Managers can help to change the organization's culture by paying attention to which ______ they use as narratives to symbolize the organization's vision and values to employees.
stories
When employees share a narrative about an actual event that helped create an aspect of the company's culture, they are relying on ______ to symbolize the company's vision and values.
stories
A team in the middle of the ______ stage of team development experiences individual conflicts and the emergence of individual personalities within the group.
storming
In Michelle's group, individual members are beginning to assert their personalities, and the group is beginning to experience interpersonal conflict among its members. Michelle's group is entering the ______ stage of group development.
storming
A ______ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.
story
Top managers use _______ planning to determine what the organization's long-term goals should be for the next one to five years with the resources they expect to have available.
strategic
Two or more organizations that join forces in order to achieve advantages that neither can perform as well alone are known as _______.
strategic allies
A(n) ______ provides a guide for a company's long-term goals.
strategic plan
A ______ sets the long-term goals and direction for an organization.
strategy
A company's ______ is the large-scale action plan that encompasses the company's vision and is used to create the direction for the business.
strategy
According to management scholar Gary Hamel, companies like Apple have succeeded because their spirit of _____ has allowed them to reinvent the basis of competition within an existing industry.
strategy innovation
Stress is the feeling of tension and pressure; the source of that stress is known as a(n) _____.
stressor
Based on a systems viewpoint, the health science, finance, and journalism departments of a university are examples of ______.
subsystems
The various parts that make up a complete system are commonly known as
subsystems
All of the following are advantages to group decision making except ______.
superiors dominating or intimidating the group
A company or person that provides raw materials, services, equipment, labor, or energy to another organization is called a(n) _____.
supplier
In terms of organizational culture, a ______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.
symbol
An open system fosters the idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as _____.
synergy
A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose is called a(n) _____.
system
Henri Fayol is credited with being the first person to ______ management behavior.
systematize
Complexity theory is an offshoot of the _____ viewpoint because it is the study of how multiple chaotic processes arise into pattern and order.
systems
The ______ viewpoint regards the organization as arrangements of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
systems
Organizations use ______ planning to determine what contributions the departments or work units can make toward the organization's strategic priorities and policies during the next 6 -- 24 months.
tactical
An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as:
tall
It is Jacob's role during the meeting to make sure everyone stays on track and focuses on finding out why sales are dropping. Jacob is performing a(n) ______ role.
task
The ten groups that present a company with its daily tasks to handle represent the company's _____ environment.
task
A company's external environment consists of which two environments?
task general
Jakob thought he would enjoy his job as a web designer, but it turns out that he is responsible only for updating web pages and not for creating them, too. According to the jobs characteristics model, Jakob has low ______.
task identity
A ______ role concentrates on keeping the team on track and getting the work done.
task-orientated
Bio-Med Laboratories recently announced it had produced a new medication that would mitigate arthritis symptoms. This new medication is an example of a(n) _____ force.
technological
New developments in methods for transforming resources into goods or services are called _______ forces.
technological
The personality dimensions of extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience are referred to as _____.
the Big Five personality dimensions
Eileen had provided the weekly inventory report to the management team every Friday for the past four months, but she wasn't able to generate the report last week because she was attending a seminar learning how to use the new inventory software. Her boss sent her an e-mail reminding her of the importance of the report and asking her to be sure and submit it every Friday. This is an example of ______.
the availability bias
The company's mission statement tells us ______.
the company's reason for being.
storming
the emergence of individual personalities and roles and conflicts within the group
Based on goal-setting theory, which of the following is true of the SkyBlue incentive plan?
the goals are specific
Darren is interviewing for a new administrative assistant. The three people he interviewed include an older woman, a man in a wheelchair, and a recent college graduate with beautiful blond hair. Darren knew just by looking at each candidate which one he would hire. His impression of each person was based on a single trait. This is known as _____.
the halo effect
The behavioral management viewpoint emphasized
the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve
The fourth and final step in management by objectives involves:
the manager making a performance appraisal and rewarding the employee according to the results.
Frederick Taylor created the scientific management system after studying _____.
the physical motions used while doing a task
Which model of decision making acknowledges that uncertainty and risk make it difficult for managers to make optimal decisions?
the rational model
Which model of decision making explains how managers should use logic to determine the optimal means of furthering the organization's best interests?
the rational model
John has been interviewing job applicants all day. Finally he hires one of the last people he interviewed. He has forgotten important information about a better applicant who spoke to him earlier in the day. He is experiencing _____.
the recency effect
Research shows that a positive relationship exists between organizational commitment and:
turnover job satisfaction performance
Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______.
unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being
An employee organization that represents hourly workers as opposed to salaried employees is called a(n) ______.
union
The ______ approach to solving ethical dilemmas involves ethical behavior being guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
utilitarian
When managers use financial performance as the best definition of an ethical choice, they are taking a(n) ______ approach to organizational decisions.
utilitarian
Sophia mentions that $250 is not even 1 percent of her salary and she does not seem motivated by the amount of the bonus. Based on expectancy theory, Sophia's lack of motivation can be attributed to which of the following?
valence
Jessica believes she should be concerned for the welfare of others. This belief is an example of a ______.
value
Kendall is frustrated with her co-worker Jill. She feels that Jill doesn't care that their manager seems to be showing favoritism toward the two other members of their team. Jill just focuses on the work she is supposed to do, which demonstrates her ______.
value orientation
A ______ statement expresses what the company stands for, its core priorities and what its products contribute to the world.
values
