MCAT Psych/Soc (FL#4)
costly signaling
sacrifice in order to signal status
ventromedial hypothalamus
satiety center to stop eating
symbolic interatction
see things for what they represent and socially relevant rather than what they are
hindsight bias
seeing past events as more predictable than they actually were
Hawk-Dove game
a struggle between two parties for a shared food resource
Organogenesis fetal development
4-9 weeks old
self-serving bias
attribution of personal successes to internal factors and failures to external factors
Attitude polarization
beliefs become more charged with any evidence, regardless of its valence
Kohlbeg's Moral reasoning
cognitive abilities grow, think of world in more complex and nuanced ways, resolve moral dilemas and percieve right and wrong: Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional
Sherif's Robbers Cave
conflict and competition breed prejudice
Zimbardo's prison study
conformity to social roles
Belief perseverance
continuation of a belief despite evidence to the contrary.
groupthink
desire for harmony results in a group of people to an incorrect/poor decision
Adolescent development
development of social thinking and ability to understand and anticipate consequences for one's behavior.
group polarization
differences in opinion magnified
material culture
good/items of material not theoretical value
cultural capital
habits and outlooks that an individual receives from the culture that they grow up in
lateral hypothalamus
hunger
bystander effect
inaction of bystanders in a situation
Selective recall
increased likelihood of remembering that information
The overconfidence effect
individual's confidence in judgement is greater than that judgement's objective accuracy
Human capital
individual's intrinsic ability to perform tasks
Asche length of lines study
influence of social pressure on decision making
Interactionist theory
interplay between biological and social processes
social constructionism
joint constructed understanding of the world; how society defines specific norms; mostly broad concepts
Nativism
language aquisition via biological theory, critical period for language aquisition, innate
Behaviorist/Learning theory
language aquisition via operant conditioning. Reinforcement
Empiricism
language knowledge comes from experience
vicarious learning
learning by observation
deindividuation
loos of identity within a group setting
conformity
matching one's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to societal norms
social capital
network of individuals a person interacts with
Milgram's Obedience study
obedience to authority in light of causing harm or death to an individual
confirmation bias
participants influenced by information that confirm beliefs they already held.
social loafing
people working less in a group than as individuals
symbolic culture
perceived/assigned value based on how something is used between different groups
cognitive appraisal
personal interpretation of a situation
Freud's Theory
personality and emotional growth: oral, anal, oepidal, latency, genital
Moral reasoning and brain activity
prefrontal cortex
executive function and brain activity
prefrontal cortex
decision making and brain activity
prefrontal cortex and limbic system
emotion and brain activity
prefrontal cortex and limbic system
Gemeinschaft
rational will, the good is valued over the self
Erikson's Theory
series of crises that derive from conflicts between needs and social demands
anterior hypothalamus
sexual behavior
peer pressure
social influence exterted on an individual by a group of people
Functionalism
society complex system with several components that work together as a cohesive whole
fundamental attribution error
way we assign reasons to behavior, negative behavior in ourselves - external, negative behavior in others - intrinsic factors
financial captial
what an individual inherits or earns