MCB 100 - HW#10

Arrange the following steps to describe the sequence of events in performing an indirect ELISA.

- An antigen is attached to wells in a plates -The uncoated surfaces of the plate are blocked -The patient serum is added to the wells -Viral antigen- specific antibodies bind to antigens in the wells -An anti-antibody is added to the wells -Upon addition of substrate the well changes color

The vaccine described in the application you're reviewing is a modified live vaccine. Which of the following describes possible recombinant technologies that could have been used to generate the vaccine? Select all that apply.

-One of the viral virulence genes was deleted, creating a viral strain with decreased virulence. -A recombinant viral particle was created to express a particular antigen.

One area of focus during review of the application is complications associated with delivery of the new vaccine. Which of the following are possible complications of vaccination? Select all that apply.

-anaphylactic shock -residual virulence -fever and/ or seizures

The development of vaccines is considered the single most important application of immunology. What are the benefits associated with vaccinations?

-control of viral disease -herd immunity -eradication of disease -protection during travels

Which of the following is a basic type of vaccine?

-nucleic acid vaccines -subunit vaccinelive, -attenuated vaccine

Kelly learns that the diagnosis of HPV may rely on the presence of viral DNA. Other infectious agents can be diagnosed based on immunologic responses. Which of the following represents an immunologic-based diagnostic test?

-precipitation reactions -agglutination reactions -fluorescent-antibody techniques

Which of the following viruses has not been used as the basis for a live recombinant vaccine?

poliovirus

What does a vaccine contain?

Weakened or killed pathogen or parts of a pathogen

A person who has been exposed to rabies receives both HRIG (human rabies immunoglobulin) injected near the bite site and the rabies vaccine. What does this strategy represent?

active immunization combined with passive immunotherapy

Individuals with egg allergies cannot receive flu vaccines because of the risk of which of the following?

anaphylactic shock

The attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OVP) is no longer administered in the U.S.A. because it

can be spread to contacts and can occasionally cause poliomyelitis.

You are a graduate student working in an immunology lab. You run a sample of multiple proteins using gel electrophoresis. Then you transfer the proteins from the gel to a nitrocellulose membrane. Finally, you incubate the nitrocellulose membrane with an antibody solution to identify a particular protein in the sample. Which of the following tests did you perform?

immunoblot

The influenza vaccine is an example of a(n)

inactivated killed vaccine.

An infectious disease researcher isolates the pathogen responsible for an emerging disease. The microbe is grown in the lab. A preparation of the laboratory-grown microbe is treated with a lethal dose of ionizing radiation and then tested for its potential as a vaccine. What type of vaccine is this?

inactivated whole

One of the major contributors to our understanding of vaccination was Edward Jenner. What is Jenner's contribution to the development of vaccinations?

He demonstrated that inoculating people with crusts from cowpox lesions protected them from smallpox infection.

Many adjuvants can cause inflammatory reactions that make vaccines containing them problematic. Without an adjuvant, which of the following modifications would make an inactivated vaccine more effective?

Increase the dosage and number of doses of the vaccine.

When a person has previously been vaccinated against a viral pathogen, which cells are activated if that same pathogen re-enters the host's cells months or years later?

Memory cytotoxic T cells

In the most commonly performed version of an ELISA, two wells both exhibit the color change indicative of a positive result. However, the color in one well is much more intense than in the other well. What is the interpretation of this result?

One sample contains more antibody than the other.

The earliest vaccinations were against smallpox. Which of the following statements about the history of smallpox vaccinations is FALSE?

Proteins from dairy cows were injected into people to protect them from smallpox.

The Hepatitis B vaccine is which type of vaccine?

Subunit vaccine

Why is it necessary to give the HPV vaccine in multiple doses?

The HPV vaccine does not replicate in the host.

Using a direct fluorescent antibody test, a patient's brain tissue sample is flooded with tagged antibody to rabies and it fluoresces when examined under a fluorescent microscope. What can be concluded from this test?

The rabies virus is present in the patient's brain.

Tetanus toxin mixed with antibodies against the toxin and then administered to mice will result in which of the following?

There will be no effect of tetanus toxin on the mice.

What is the hallmark of a conjugated vaccine?

These vaccines contain weakly antigenic elements plus a more potent antigenic protein.

Both active and passive immunotherapy are based on antibody-mediated responses. Which of the following statements about active immunotherapy is true?

Active immunotherapy provides long-term protection due to the generation of memory cells.

What is the function of boosters?

Boosters are injections that are given periodically to maintain immunity.

What is the primary benefit of vaccination?

An immune response will occur quicker upon future exposure to the pathogen.

Which type of vaccine could possibly cause a person to develop the disease?

Attenuated live vaccine