McGraw Hill Chemistry - Chapter 2 Atoms and the Periodic Table

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for phosphorus?

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^3

Which statements about isotopes are correct? Select all that apply.

All isotopes of a given element typically have the same chemical properties. Some isotopes of an element may be radioactive, whereas others may be stable.

Locate the element antimony, Sb, in the periodic table. Which block is this element in, and how many valence electrons does it contain?

Antimony is a p block element and it contains five valence electrons.

Radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for both __________________ and ________________ purposes.

Blank 1: diagnostic, diagnosis, or diagnosing Blank 2: therapeutic, treatment, medicinal, or therapy

Isotopes of a given element have the same number of ______________ in the nucleus but differ in the number of ____________.

Blank 1: protons Blank 2: neutrons

Which elemental symbol is correctly identified?

Br is the symbol for bromine.

Match each element with its block in the periodic table.

Carbon - p block Magnesium - s block Cerium - f block Copper - d block

Which of the halogens exist as gases at room temperature? Select all that apply.

Chlorine Fluorine

Match each elemental symbol with the correct element name.

Cl - Chlorine Co - Cobalt Ca - Calcium Cr - Chromium Cu - Copper C - Carbon

Which statements correctly describe the way in which electrons exist in an atom? Select all that apply.

Electrons have the highest probability of being found in specific regions of space known as orbitals. Electrons occupy quantized energy levels.

What are valence electrons?

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Which of the following statements regarding the chemical properties of the halogens is correct?

Halogens react with many elements to form compounds.

A particular Cl atom has a mass number of 37. Which statements about the atom are correct?

It has an atomic number of 17. It contains 20 neutrons.

A carbon atom contains six electrons and seven neutrons. Which statements about this atom is correct? Select all that apply.

It has an atomic number of 6. It has a mass number of 13.

Which equation correctly represents the ionization of potassium?

K + energy → K+ + e-

Match each series of elements with its description.

K, Ca, C - Main group elements Au, Ti, W - Transition metals Ce, U, Pu - Inner transition metals

In addition to C, H, and O, which other element is contained in all proteins and nucleic acids?

Nitrogen

Which of the following elements are contained in all proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids?

Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen

Which of the following statements correctly describes a physical property of potassium?

Potassium is a good conductor of heat and electricity.

Match each subatomic particle with the description of its charge.

Proton - Positively charged particle Electron - Negatively charged particle Neutron - Uncharged particle

Match each subatomic particle with the correct description of its charge and location in the atom.

Proton- Charged particle residing in the nucleus Electron - Charged particle residing outside the nucleus Neutron - Uncharged particle residing in the nucleus

Why are the s, p, d, and f blocks designated as such?

The block designation indicates the subshell that is being filled with electrons.

Which elements of the periodic table are defined as main group elements?

The elements of groups 1A through 8A

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between atomic weight and mass number?

The mass number is the number of protons and neutrons within a given nucleus; atomic weight is the weighted average of all isotopes.

Before determining the electron configuration of an atom, the total number of electrons must be determined. How is this done?

The total number of electrons in an atom is determined from the atomic number.

Which statement is true about elements in the same group of the periodic table?

They have similar chemical properties.

True or false: When placing electrons in p orbitals, all orbitals in the same subshell must be half-filled before any orbital can be completely filled.

True

The noble gas notation for the electron configuration of silicon is

[Ne] 3s^2 3p^2

An element is defined as ______.

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical reaction

In electron-dot symbols, the dots surrounding the element symbol represent ______.

all electrons at the valence level

The atomic weight of an element is determined by ______.

calculating a weighted average in which the products of all the isotopic masses and their respective abundances are added together

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by a __________ process.

chemical / chemical reaction

A compound is a pure substance made up of atoms from two or more different __________________.

elements

Electrons in an atom do not move freely; rather they occupy quantized ________ levels.

energy, principal energy, discrete energy, or specific energy

Elements in the same ____________ of the periodic table have similar electronic and chemical properties.

group, column, or family

A compound is a substance that is made up of ______.

more than one type of atom

The electron configuration of oxygen is 1s2 2s2 2p4. The electrons in the 2p subshell can be described as ______.

one orbital containing a pair of electrons and two orbitals with a single electron in each

The n = 1 shell contains ______ subshell(s), and has a total capacity of ______ electrons.

one; two

The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outer edge of the valence shell is known as its atomic

radius or size

Ionization energy is the energy required to ______.

remove an electron from an atom

The electron configuration of chlorine is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5. How many valence electrons does it have?

seven

Atomic size is defined as ______.

the distance from the nucleus to the outer edge of the valence shell

The term isotope describes ______.

two or more atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

The dots of an atom's electron dot symbol represent its ___________ electrons.

valence

The alkali metal sodium will react violently with ___________ to form a basic solution.

water or H2O