McGrawHill Chapter 1 Data/Information/Knowledge and Ch 6 - Databases

What encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions?

Analytical information

Select all that apply Select the three terms for the data elements associated with an entity.

Attributes Columns Fields

Select all that apply Which of the following are types of human-generated structured data?

Click-stream data Gaming data Input data

Select the four functions that a database management system can perform on data in a database.

Create data Update data Delete data Read data

What type of analytics takes past purchasing data as inputs into a model that recommends the best pricing strategy across all flights allowing an airline company to maximize revenue?

Prescriptive analytics

Which tool helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database?

Query-by-example

Which system allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database?

Relational database management system

What stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables?

Relational database model

information

The item I have is a product that has the most sales during the month of December.

Why does a database offer increased information security?

Various security features of databases ensure that individuals have only certain types of access to certain types of information.

Select the question that can be answered using only raw data.

What is the date, amount sold, and customer number for a sale transaction?

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of information as opposed to data? (Check all that apply.)

Worst-selling product Best-selling product Best customer

The business decisions made by the accounting department include transactional data, purchasing data, payroll data, and tax data.

false

date

i have one item

A(n) ________ key is a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table.

primary

Data _______ is responsible for ensuring the policies and procedures are implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department and the business.

steward

Data __________ is the management and oversight of an organization's data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manner.

stewardship

What is a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part?

systems thinking

What provides an end-to-end view of how operations work together to create a product or service?

systems thinking

Select all that apply Which of the following are types of unstructured data?

text messages emails Twitter tweets

__ data encompasses all raw facts contained within a single process and its purpose is to support daily operational tasks.

transactional

What are the two different categories for information type?

transactional and analytical

Data latency is the time it takes for data to be stored or retrieved.

true

Knowledge assets reside within the minds of members, customers, and colleagues and include physical structures and recorded media.

true

The business decisions made by the marketing department include promotional data, sales data, and advertising data.

true

What compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model?

data dictionary

What is the smallest or basic unit of information?

data element

Select a term that is a synonym for data element, the smallest or basic unit of information in a database.

data field

What refers to the extent of detail within the information?

Information granularity

How will a business estimate the impact on profits from increases or decreases in costs?

By manipulating variables

What occurs when a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data?

Data integrity issues

What compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model?

Data dictionary

What refers to the overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data?

Data governance

What uses techniques that describe past performance and history?

Descriptive analytics

Select the statement that accurately defines the relationship between entities and attributes in a relational database.

Each attribute of an entity occupies a separate column of a table.

Which of the following are confirmed or validated with a fact? (Check all that apply.)

Event Object

Select all that apply Select three examples of analytical information.

Market projections Sales trends Future growth projections

What are the three categories of analytics?

Predictive analytics Prescriptive analytics Descriptive analytics

Which of the following maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)?

A database

Select the two benefits a business that sold hamburgers would experience if it could produce a hamburger with less expensive inputs or produce more hamburgers with the same inputs.

A likely increase in profits Rise in productivity

Which of the following are examples of transactional information?

Airline ticket Sales receipt

What takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes?

Backward integration

__________ critical integrity constraints enforce business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints.

Business

What defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer?

Business rule

What enforces business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints?

Business-critical integrity constraints

What creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security?

Database management system

What type of analytics is best described with a report that includes charts and graphs explaining the data?

Descriptive analytics

Data _______ includes the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance polices to ensure correctness of data.

Different systems have different information entry standards and formats. Data-entry personnel enter abbreviated information to save time. Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy. Third-party and external information contains inconsistencies and errors.

Select all that apply Select the four primary reasons low-quality information occurs in a system.

Different systems have different information entry standards and formats. Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy. Data-entry personnel enter abbreviated information to save time. Third-party and external information contains inconsistencies and errors.

Select all that apply Select the four primary reasons low-quality information occurs in a system.

Different systems have different information entry standards and formats. Third-party and external information contains inconsistencies and errors. Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy. Data-entry personnel enter abbreviated information to save time.

What is a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables?

Foreign key

What takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes?

Forward integration

knowledge

Given the unexpected financial issues caused by the storms and the interest rate hike we will offer a discount on purchase in November and December to ensure sales levels increase by 10 percent.

What are the two primary resources knowledge workers use to make decisions?

Information and intuition

What occurs when the same data element has different values?

Information inconsistency

Which of the following is a measure of the quality of information?

Information integrity

Select the four primary traits of the value of information.

Information quality Information governance Information type Information timeliness

What is the duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places?

Information redundancy

What are rules that help ensure the quality of information?

Integrity constraints

What is a world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or "things" have the ability to collect and share data without human intervention?

Internet of Things

complete

Is a value missing from the information?

consistent

Is each transaction and event represented only once in the information?

timely

Is each transaction and event represented only once in the information?

unique

Is each transaction and event represented only once in the information?

accurate

Is there an incorrect value in the information?

Select all the activities for which transactional information is created.

Making airline reservations Withdrawing cash from an ATM Purchasing stocks

Select all that apply Select the four primary reasons low-quality information occurs in a system.

Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy. Third-party and external information contains inconsistencies and errors. Different systems have different information entry standards and formats. Data-entry personnel enter abbreviated information to save time.

What uses techniques that create models indicating the best decision to make or course of action to take?

Prescriptive analytics

What are rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints?

Relational integrity constraints

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of analytical information?

Sales projections Product statistics

What is the tool that consists of lines of code (in contrast to a graphical design) for answering questions against a database?

Structured query language

What is a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part?

Systems thinking

Prescriptive analytics

Techniques that create models indicating the best decision to make or course of action to take.

Descriptive analytics

Techniques that describes past performance and history.

Predictive analytics

Techniques that extract information from data and uses it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns.

business intelligence

The month of December this year is going to see interest rates raise by 10 percent and snow storms are expected to cause numerous problems throughout the East coast.

What type of information encompasses all the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of daily operational or structured decisions?

Transactional information

When do information integrity issues occur?

When a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data.

__________ information encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions.

analytical

What are the data elements associated with an entity?

attributes

A(n) __________ integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes.

backward

What takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes?

backward integration

A(n) _________ rule defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer.

business

Integrity __________ are rules that help ensure the quality of information.

constraints

In analyzing a business, the characteristics of an individual sale, such as the order date, are best referred to as ______.

data

What are the raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object?

data

What are logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures?

data models

Who is responsible for ensuring the policies and procedures are implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department and the business?

data steward

What is the management and oversight of an organization's data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manner?

data stewardship

What includes the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance polices to ensure correctness of data?

data validation

A(n) ________ maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses).

database

A data ____________ compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model.

dictionary

What is a report that changes automatically during creation?

dynamic report

Select the term that refer to storing information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event.

entity

What stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event?

entity

A(n) _____ is the confirmation or validation of an event or object.

fact

For an organization to succeed, every department or functional area must work independently to be most effective.

false

Master data management is a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system (such as a country, a network, or an enterprise) and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating user rights and restrictions with the established identity.

false

In terms of system thinking, what control ensures correct processes?

feedback

A(n) __________ key is a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables.

foreign

What is a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables?

foreign key

A(n) ____________ integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes.

forward

Data ___________ refers to the overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data.

governance

Information ___________ refers to the extent of detail within the information (fine and detailed or coarse and abstract).

granularity

What is data that humans, in interaction with computers, generate?

human-generated data

___________ management is a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system (such as a country, a network, or an enterprise) and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating user rights and restrictions with the established identity.

identity

What is a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system (such as a country, a network, or an enterprise) and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating user rights and restrictions with the established identity?

identity management

Information ___________ occurs when the same data element has different values.

inconsistency

What allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems?

integrations

________ allow separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems.

integrations

Information _________ is a measure of the quality of information.

integrity

What includes the skills, experience, and expertise, coupled with information and intelligence, that creates a person's intellectual resources?

knowledge

_________ includes the skills, experience, and expertise, coupled with information and intelligence, that creates a person's intellectual resources.

knowledge

Which type of data is created by a machine without human intervention?

machine-generated data

What provides details about data?

metadata

___________ (one word) provides details about data.

metadata

Data ___________ are logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures.

models

One primary goal of a database is to eliminate information redundancy by recording each piece of information in _______ place(s) in the database.

only one

Select all that apply Which of the following are types of machine-generated structured data?

point-of-sale data web log data sensor data

A big part of business intelligence is called _______ analytics, which extracts information from data and uses it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns

predictive

What extracts information from data and uses it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns?

predictive analytics

What is a field that uniquely identifies a given record in a table?

primary key

A(n) ___________ -by-example tool helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database.

query

A(n) _________ is a collection of related data elements.

record

What is a collection of related data elements?

records

Information __________ is the duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places.

redundancy

A(n) __________ database management system allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database.

relational

A(n) ___________ database model stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables.

relational

__________ integrity constraints are rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints.

relational

An information __________ occurs when one business unit is unable to freely communicate with other business units making it difficult or impossible for organizations to work cross-functionally.

silo

A(n) __________ query language asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database.

structured

What has a defined length, type, and format and includes numbers, dates, or strings such as Customer Address?

structured data

What is typically stored in a traditional system such as a relational database or spreadsheet and accounts for about 20 percent of the data that surrounds us.

structured data

A variable is a data characteristic that stands for a value that changes or varies over __________.

time

True or false: A dynamic report changes automatically during creation. Dynamic reports can include updating daily stock market prices or the calculation of available inventory.

true

True or false: Business-critical integrity constraints tend to mirror the very rules by which an organization achieves success.

true

True or false: The value of information is only as good as the people who make use of the information.

true

Unique information asks if each transaction and event is represented only once in the information.

true

What is it called when each transaction, entity, and event is represented only once in the information?

uniqueness

What type of data is not defined and does not follow a specified format and is typically free-form text such as emails, Twitter tweets, and text messages?

unstructured data

Data _______ includes the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance polices to ensure correctness of data.

validation

A(n) ________ is a data characteristic that stands for a value that changes or varies over time.

variable

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or "things" have the ability to collect and share data __________ human intervention.

without