McGrawHill Chapter 1 Data/Information/Knowledge and Ch 6 - Databases
What encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions?
Analytical information
Select all that apply Select the three terms for the data elements associated with an entity.
Attributes Columns Fields
Select all that apply Which of the following are types of human-generated structured data?
Click-stream data Gaming data Input data
Select the four functions that a database management system can perform on data in a database.
Create data Update data Delete data Read data
What type of analytics takes past purchasing data as inputs into a model that recommends the best pricing strategy across all flights allowing an airline company to maximize revenue?
Prescriptive analytics
Which tool helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database?
Query-by-example
Which system allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database?
Relational database management system
What stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables?
Relational database model
information
The item I have is a product that has the most sales during the month of December.
Why does a database offer increased information security?
Various security features of databases ensure that individuals have only certain types of access to certain types of information.
Select the question that can be answered using only raw data.
What is the date, amount sold, and customer number for a sale transaction?
Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of information as opposed to data? (Check all that apply.)
Worst-selling product Best-selling product Best customer
The business decisions made by the accounting department include transactional data, purchasing data, payroll data, and tax data.
false
date
i have one item
A(n) ________ key is a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table.
primary
Data _______ is responsible for ensuring the policies and procedures are implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department and the business.
steward
Data __________ is the management and oversight of an organization's data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manner.
stewardship
What is a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part?
systems thinking
What provides an end-to-end view of how operations work together to create a product or service?
systems thinking
Select all that apply Which of the following are types of unstructured data?
text messages emails Twitter tweets
__ data encompasses all raw facts contained within a single process and its purpose is to support daily operational tasks.
transactional
What are the two different categories for information type?
transactional and analytical
Data latency is the time it takes for data to be stored or retrieved.
true
Knowledge assets reside within the minds of members, customers, and colleagues and include physical structures and recorded media.
true
The business decisions made by the marketing department include promotional data, sales data, and advertising data.
true
What compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model?
data dictionary
What is the smallest or basic unit of information?
data element
Select a term that is a synonym for data element, the smallest or basic unit of information in a database.
data field
What refers to the extent of detail within the information?
Information granularity
How will a business estimate the impact on profits from increases or decreases in costs?
By manipulating variables
What occurs when a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data?
Data integrity issues
What compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model?
Data dictionary
What refers to the overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data?
Data governance
What uses techniques that describe past performance and history?
Descriptive analytics
Select the statement that accurately defines the relationship between entities and attributes in a relational database.
Each attribute of an entity occupies a separate column of a table.
Which of the following are confirmed or validated with a fact? (Check all that apply.)
Event Object
Select all that apply Select three examples of analytical information.
Market projections Sales trends Future growth projections
What are the three categories of analytics?
Predictive analytics Prescriptive analytics Descriptive analytics
Which of the following maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)?
A database
Select the two benefits a business that sold hamburgers would experience if it could produce a hamburger with less expensive inputs or produce more hamburgers with the same inputs.
A likely increase in profits Rise in productivity
Which of the following are examples of transactional information?
Airline ticket Sales receipt
What takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes?
Backward integration
__________ critical integrity constraints enforce business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints.
Business
What defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer?
Business rule
What enforces business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints?
Business-critical integrity constraints
What creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security?
Database management system
What type of analytics is best described with a report that includes charts and graphs explaining the data?
Descriptive analytics
Data _______ includes the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance polices to ensure correctness of data.
Different systems have different information entry standards and formats. Data-entry personnel enter abbreviated information to save time. Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy. Third-party and external information contains inconsistencies and errors.
Select all that apply Select the four primary reasons low-quality information occurs in a system.
Different systems have different information entry standards and formats. Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy. Data-entry personnel enter abbreviated information to save time. Third-party and external information contains inconsistencies and errors.
Select all that apply Select the four primary reasons low-quality information occurs in a system.
Different systems have different information entry standards and formats. Third-party and external information contains inconsistencies and errors. Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy. Data-entry personnel enter abbreviated information to save time.
What is a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables?
Foreign key
What takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes?
Forward integration
knowledge
Given the unexpected financial issues caused by the storms and the interest rate hike we will offer a discount on purchase in November and December to ensure sales levels increase by 10 percent.
What are the two primary resources knowledge workers use to make decisions?
Information and intuition
What occurs when the same data element has different values?
Information inconsistency
Which of the following is a measure of the quality of information?
Information integrity
Select the four primary traits of the value of information.
Information quality Information governance Information type Information timeliness
What is the duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places?
Information redundancy
What are rules that help ensure the quality of information?
Integrity constraints
What is a world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or "things" have the ability to collect and share data without human intervention?
Internet of Things
complete
Is a value missing from the information?
consistent
Is each transaction and event represented only once in the information?
timely
Is each transaction and event represented only once in the information?
unique
Is each transaction and event represented only once in the information?
accurate
Is there an incorrect value in the information?
Select all the activities for which transactional information is created.
Making airline reservations Withdrawing cash from an ATM Purchasing stocks
Select all that apply Select the four primary reasons low-quality information occurs in a system.
Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy. Third-party and external information contains inconsistencies and errors. Different systems have different information entry standards and formats. Data-entry personnel enter abbreviated information to save time.
What uses techniques that create models indicating the best decision to make or course of action to take?
Prescriptive analytics
What are rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints?
Relational integrity constraints
Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of analytical information?
Sales projections Product statistics
What is the tool that consists of lines of code (in contrast to a graphical design) for answering questions against a database?
Structured query language
What is a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part?
Systems thinking
Prescriptive analytics
Techniques that create models indicating the best decision to make or course of action to take.
Descriptive analytics
Techniques that describes past performance and history.
Predictive analytics
Techniques that extract information from data and uses it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns.
business intelligence
The month of December this year is going to see interest rates raise by 10 percent and snow storms are expected to cause numerous problems throughout the East coast.
What type of information encompasses all the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of daily operational or structured decisions?
Transactional information
When do information integrity issues occur?
When a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data.
__________ information encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions.
analytical
What are the data elements associated with an entity?
attributes
A(n) __________ integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes.
backward
What takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes?
backward integration
A(n) _________ rule defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer.
business
Integrity __________ are rules that help ensure the quality of information.
constraints
In analyzing a business, the characteristics of an individual sale, such as the order date, are best referred to as ______.
data
What are the raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object?
data
What are logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures?
data models
Who is responsible for ensuring the policies and procedures are implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department and the business?
data steward
What is the management and oversight of an organization's data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manner?
data stewardship
What includes the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance polices to ensure correctness of data?
data validation
A(n) ________ maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses).
database
A data ____________ compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model.
dictionary
What is a report that changes automatically during creation?
dynamic report
Select the term that refer to storing information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event.
entity
What stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event?
entity
A(n) _____ is the confirmation or validation of an event or object.
fact
For an organization to succeed, every department or functional area must work independently to be most effective.
false
Master data management is a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system (such as a country, a network, or an enterprise) and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating user rights and restrictions with the established identity.
false
In terms of system thinking, what control ensures correct processes?
feedback
A(n) __________ key is a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables.
foreign
What is a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables?
foreign key
A(n) ____________ integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes.
forward
Data ___________ refers to the overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data.
governance
Information ___________ refers to the extent of detail within the information (fine and detailed or coarse and abstract).
granularity
What is data that humans, in interaction with computers, generate?
human-generated data
___________ management is a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system (such as a country, a network, or an enterprise) and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating user rights and restrictions with the established identity.
identity
What is a broad administrative area that deals with identifying individuals in a system (such as a country, a network, or an enterprise) and controlling their access to resources within that system by associating user rights and restrictions with the established identity?
identity management
Information ___________ occurs when the same data element has different values.
inconsistency
What allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems?
integrations
________ allow separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems.
integrations
Information _________ is a measure of the quality of information.
integrity
What includes the skills, experience, and expertise, coupled with information and intelligence, that creates a person's intellectual resources?
knowledge
_________ includes the skills, experience, and expertise, coupled with information and intelligence, that creates a person's intellectual resources.
knowledge
Which type of data is created by a machine without human intervention?
machine-generated data
What provides details about data?
metadata
___________ (one word) provides details about data.
metadata
Data ___________ are logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures.
models
One primary goal of a database is to eliminate information redundancy by recording each piece of information in _______ place(s) in the database.
only one
Select all that apply Which of the following are types of machine-generated structured data?
point-of-sale data web log data sensor data
A big part of business intelligence is called _______ analytics, which extracts information from data and uses it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns
predictive
What extracts information from data and uses it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns?
predictive analytics
What is a field that uniquely identifies a given record in a table?
primary key
A(n) ___________ -by-example tool helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database.
query
A(n) _________ is a collection of related data elements.
record
What is a collection of related data elements?
records
Information __________ is the duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places.
redundancy
A(n) __________ database management system allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database.
relational
A(n) ___________ database model stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables.
relational
__________ integrity constraints are rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints.
relational
An information __________ occurs when one business unit is unable to freely communicate with other business units making it difficult or impossible for organizations to work cross-functionally.
silo
A(n) __________ query language asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database.
structured
What has a defined length, type, and format and includes numbers, dates, or strings such as Customer Address?
structured data
What is typically stored in a traditional system such as a relational database or spreadsheet and accounts for about 20 percent of the data that surrounds us.
structured data
A variable is a data characteristic that stands for a value that changes or varies over __________.
time
True or false: A dynamic report changes automatically during creation. Dynamic reports can include updating daily stock market prices or the calculation of available inventory.
true
True or false: Business-critical integrity constraints tend to mirror the very rules by which an organization achieves success.
true
True or false: The value of information is only as good as the people who make use of the information.
true
Unique information asks if each transaction and event is represented only once in the information.
true
What is it called when each transaction, entity, and event is represented only once in the information?
uniqueness
What type of data is not defined and does not follow a specified format and is typically free-form text such as emails, Twitter tweets, and text messages?
unstructured data
Data _______ includes the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance polices to ensure correctness of data.
validation
A(n) ________ is a data characteristic that stands for a value that changes or varies over time.
variable
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or "things" have the ability to collect and share data __________ human intervention.
without
