Med 149 Chapter 1 chapter 2 chapter 3 and chapter 4 study guide

Allopathic medicine means, literally:

"Different suffering"

Set of governing rules

Law

To allow scientific progress in a manner that benefits society in all possible ways

Bioethics

Need for a safe and secure environment

Deficiency or D-needs

Put the following five steps in order 1 The need for esteem, where status, responsibility, and recognition are important 2 The need for basic life—food and shelter 3 The need for self-actualization, for personal growth and fulfillment 4 The need for a safe and secure environment 5 The need to belong and to be loved

1. The need for basic life—food and shelter 2. The need for a safe and secure environment 3. The need to belong and to be loved 4. The need for esteem, where status, responsibility, and recognition are important 5. The need for self-actualization, for personal growth and fulfillment

Which of the following best defines a managed health care plan?

A corporation that pays for and delivers care to subscribers

When two or more physicians practice together, with a written agreement specifying the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of each partner, what is the arrangement called?

A partnership

When physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers contract with one or more HMOs or directly with employers to provide care, what is it called?

A physician-hospital organization

What is a copayment?

A set amount that each patient pays for each office visit

Which of the following is true of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning?

A social contract is formed during the post-conventional morality stage.

The basis for ethical conduct includes One's morals. One's culture. One's family. All of these

All of these

Unlawful acts are always Unacceptable. Unethical. Punishable by legal means. All of these

All of these

Sellers and manufacturers can be held legally responsible for defective medical devices and products through what charges? Fraud Breach of warranty Misrepresentation of the product through untrue statements made by the manufacturer or seller All of these are correct

All of these are correct

Laws vary from state to state, but unprofessional conduct for medical professionals usually includes physical abuse of a patient. inadequate record keeping. failure to meet continuing education requirements. All of these.

All of these.

Physicians' actions generally classified as fraud include falsifying medical diplomas and other credentials. falsifying medical reports. promising a patient "secret cures" or other special ways to cure an ailment. All of these.

All of these.

Which of the following is an example of a tertiary care setting?

An endoscopic center

Why did Tom and Bill in this chapter's opening scenario come to different decisions? Because of their age differences Because of differences in their societal, cultural, and family influences Because of their different relationships with their supervisor None of these

Because of differences in their societal, cultural, and family influences

Need for esteem, where status, responsibility, and recognition are important.

Being or B-needs

A physical therapist's main goal is helping the patient recover from an injury and stay healthy.

Beneficence

Discipline relating to ethics concerning biological research

Bioethics

Violation of a professional organization's formalized code of ethics Always leads to prosecution in a court of law. Is ignored if one's membership dues in the organization are paid. Can lead to expulsion from the organization. None of these

Can lead to expulsion from the organization.

Conviction of crime Cannot result in loss of license unless ethical violations also exist. Is always punishable by imprisonment. Always results in expulsion from a professional organization. Can result in loss of license

Can result in loss of license

Which of the following is not true of Jean Piaget's theory of value development? Children in the sensorimotor stage of development see things as right or wrong. During the sensorimotor stage of development, children explore the world with their five senses Children in the concrete operational stage of development see things as right or wrong. Children begin to see different degrees of wrongdoing during the formal operational stage.

Children in the sensorimotor stage of development see things as right or wrong.

A physician shall be dedicated to providing competent medical care with ______________________ and respect for human dignity and rights

Compassion

Electronic medical records are kept under password -protected files.

Confidentiality

The person or party against whom criminal or civil charges are brought in a lawsuit.

Defendant

Need for basic life - food and shelter

Deficiency or D-needs

Need to belong and be loved

Deficiency or D-needs

Which of the following is not a stated goal of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act?

Ensure that every person has health insurance.

Principles, standards, guide to conduct.

Ethics

To elevate the standard of competence

Ethics

Courtesy and manners

Etiquette

To enable one to get along with others

Etiquette

Written codes of ethics for health care practitioners Evolved primarily to serve as moral guidelines for those who provided care to the sick. Are legally binding. Did not exist in ancient times. None of these

Evolved primarily to serve as moral guidelines for those who provided care to the sick.

Critical thinking skills include Assessing the ethics of a situation. First clearly defining a problem. Determining the legal implications of a situation. None of these

First clearly defining a problem.

Dishonest or deceitful practices in depriving, or attempting to deprive, another of his or her rights.

Fraud

Under this type of plan, insured patients must designate a primary care physician (PCP).

Gatekeeper or primary care plan

Five steps of critical thinking step 2

Gather information

What Greek physician is known as the father of medicine? Hippocrates Percival Hammurabi Socrates

Hippocrates

Name the pledge made by physicians that remains influential today. Code of Hammurabi Babylonian Ethics Code Hippocratic oath None of these

Hippocratic oath

Five steps of critical thinking step 1

Identify and clarify the problem

A type of HMO that contract with groups of physicians who practice in their own offices and receive a per-member payment (capitation) from participating HMOs to provide a full range of health services for members.

Individual practice association

In fact, increasing use of the ______________has made telemedicine an important component of the health care system.

Internet

Which of the following best defines utilitarianism?

It is a consequence-oriented theory that states that decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people.

Which of the following best defines duty-oriented moral reasoning?

It is a decision-making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on its intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act.

Which of the following statements best defines accreditation?

It is a process for officially authorizing health care education programs, facilities, and managed care plans.

How is Abraham Maslow's theory of needs-based motivation best defined? It is a five-step progression that sees pleasure as the primary motivation for all human behavior. It is a progression called beneficence. It is a theory that says human behavior is based on specific human needs that must often be met in a specific order. It is a system of moral values.

It is a theory that says human behavior is based on specific human needs that must often be met in a specific order.

Which of the following statements best defines telemedicine?

It is medicine that is practiced via telephone, closed-circuit television, fax machine, or Internet.

The idea that everyone is entitled to health care regardless of their ability to pay

Justice

How does Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning differ from Piaget's theory? Kohlberg theorized that moral development occurs more gradually and takes longer than Piaget proposed. Kohlberg studied adults instead of children. Kohlberg studied both boys and girls, whereas Piaget did not. Kohlberg does not break down moral development into stages, whereas Piaget did.

Kohlberg theorized that moral development occurs more gradually and takes longer than Piaget proposed.

Rule of conduct or action recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority.

Law

to protect the public

Law

Accountable under the law.

Liable

Which of the following is an explanation for the increasing number of medical specialists?

Loss of prestige for generalists

A system in which financing, administration, and delivery of health care are combined to provide medical services to subscribers for a prepaid fee.

Managed Care

What is another term for your personal concept of right and wrong? Utilitarianism Beneficence Moral values Role fidelity

Moral values

A physician making treatment decisions that cause no harm to the patient.

Nonmaleficence

This plan allows subscribers to see any in-network health care provider without a referral.

Open access plan

What recent federal law provides for the establishment of state-run insurance exchanges?

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Which federal law mandated that insurers carry children of an insured family through age 26 and prohibited refusing to insure clients with preexisting conditions?

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

What ethics code superseded earlier codes to become the definitive guide for a physician's professional conduct? Code of Hammurabi Percival's Medical Ethics Hippocratic oath Babylonian Ethics Code

Percival's Medical Ethics

A health care plan in which physicians join with hospitals to provide a medical care delivery system and then contract for insurance with a commercial carrier or an HMO.

Physician-Hospital organization

This plan allows plan members to seek health care from non-network physicians, but the plan pays the highest benefits for care when given by the PCP or via a referral from the PCP.

Point of service plan

Decisions made by judges in the various courts that become rule of law and apply to future cases

Precedent

A network of independent physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers who contract with an insurance carrier to provide medical care at a discount rate to patients who are part of the insurer's plan. Also called preferred provider association (PPA).

Preferred provider organization

Under this type of plan, a patient may see providers outside the plan, but the patient pays a higher portion of the fees.

Preferred provider plan

The physician responsible for directing all of a patient's medical care and determining whether the patient should be referred for specialty care.

Primary care physician

Rules of etiquette applicable to one's place of employment

Protocol

To enable one to get along with others engaged in the same profession

Protocol

a respiratory therapist administering a breathing treatment that is with the scope of his or her practice

Role Fidelity

A decision made by a court in a lawsuit in response to a motion that pleads there is no basis for a trial.

Summary Judgment

What is bioethics concerned with? Health care law Etiquette in medical facilities The ethical implications of biological research methods and results None of these

The ethical implications of biological research methods and results

What is an advantage to forming a professional corporation to practice medicine?

The incorporators and owners have limited liability in lawsuits.

Law is The minimum standard necessary to keep society functioning smoothly. Ignored if transgressions are ethical, rather than legal. Seldom enforced by controlling authorities. None of these

The minimum standard necessary to keep society functioning smoothly.

Teleological or consequence-oriented theories judge the rightness of a decision based on

The outcome or predicted outcome of the decision

Which of the following is not true of Piaget's stages of value development?

The preoperational stage of development is characterized by abstract reasoning.

Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative states that

The right action is one based on a determined principle, regardless of outcome

Virtue ethics focuses on

The traits, characteristics, and virtues that a moral person should have

Which of the following is not a purpose of medical practice acts?

To be sure physicians are adequately compensated for their services

Unethical behavior is always Illegal. Punishable by legal means. Unacceptable. None of these

Unacceptable.

A physician fails to meet continuing education requirements. He or she is guilty of:

Unprofessional conduct

A physician admitting to a patient that a medical error has occurred in the course of their treatment

Veracity

Alasdair MacIntyre argues that

Virtue ethics is the only theory that makes sense

Patient portal refers to

a place for consultation via e-mail from physician to patient.

A physician shall continue to study, _______________, and advance scientific knowledge, maintain commitment to medical education, make relevant information available to patients, colleagues, and the public, obtain consultation, and use the talents of other health professionals when indicated.

apply

A medical management system in which two or more physicians share office space and employees but practice individually.

associate practice

Respect shown for the patient by allowing them to make their own health care decisions.

autonomy

A rule that is considered universal law binding on everyone and requiring action

categorical imperative

A physician shall, in the provision of appropriate patient care, except in emergencies, be free to _______ whom to serve, with whom to associate, and the environment in which to provide care.

choose

Five steps of critical thinking Step 5

choose and implement the best alternative

A physician shall respect the rights of patients, ________________, and other health professionals and shall safeguard patient confidences and privacy within the constraints of the law.

colleagues

Five steps of critical thinking Step 4

consider alternatives and implications

A body formed and authorized by law to act as a single person.

corporation

Decision-making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on its intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act.

deontological or duty-oriented theory

Licensure to practice medicine is done by

each individual state.

Which of the following best defines the osteopathic approach to medicine?

emphasizes the musculoskeletal system of the body and the correction of joint and tissue problems

Five steps of critical thinking Step 3

evaluate the evidence

A medical management system in which three or more licensed physicians share the collective income, expenses, facilities, equipment, records, and personnel for the business.

group practice

A physician shall recognize a responsibility to participate in activities contributing to the ___________ of the community and the betterment of public health.

improvement

Physicians today practice primarily

in group practices.

A traditional form of health insurance that covers the insured against a potential loss of money from medical expenses resulting from an illness or accident.

indemnity

The National Practitioner Data Bank

is accessible only to hospitals and health care plans

Which of the following is mandatory for certain health professionals to practice in their field?

licensure

Each state's medical practice acts also provide for the establishment of

medical boards.

A physician shall support access to ________________ for all people.

medical care

A form of medical practice management system whereby two or more parties practice together under a written agreement specifying the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of each partner.

partnership

A physician shall, while caring for a patient, regard responsibility to the _______________ as paramount

patient

In some cases, usually through closed-circuit television, a __________ could examine a patient in a distant location, thus allowing patients in ____________ areas more complete access to medical care.

physician, rural

Used in utilitarianism; requires that the rule used in making a decision must bring about positive results when generalized to a wide variety of situations.

principle of utility

A physician shall uphold the standards of ________________, be honest in all professional interactions, and strive to report physicians deficient in character or competence, or who engage in fraud or deception, to appropriate entities.

professionalism

A physician shall respect the law and also recognize a ___________________ to seek changes in those requirements which are contrary to the best interests of the patient.

responsibility

A form of medical practice management in which a physician practices alone, assuming all benefits and liabilities for the business

sole proprietorship

_____________ refers to remote consultation with physicians or other health care professionals via____________closed-circuit television, fax machine, and__________

telemedicine, telephone, Internet

Decision-making theory that judges the rightness of wrongness based on the outcome or predicted outcomes.

teleological or consequence-oriented theory

The sole authority granted to the federal government in the licensing of physicians is

the permit issued by the Drug Enforcement Administration for controlled substances.

When telemedicine was first used, it generally involved the ___________ of X-rays, sonograms, or other medical data between two distant points.

transmission

A consequence-oriented theory that states that decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people.

utilitarianism

Today, transmitted medical data includes __________, audio, and written or computerized patient data.

video