Med Surg Chapter 14 HIV

onset of Pneumoncystis jiroveci penumonia -CDC has established criteria for a patient to be diagnosed with AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when an HIV-positive individual develops at least one of several criteria: examples are CD4 T-cell count less than 200 cells/uL and fungal infection such as Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP), Candidiasis infection must be of the bronchi, trachea, lungs, or esophagus (not only the mouth).

A diagnosis of AIDS can be made for a patient with HIV with

a CD4 t cell count below 200/uL

A diagnosis of AIDS is made when an HIV-infected patient has________

-perform a physical assessment -determine when manifestations began -obtain a sexual history

A nurse in an outpatient clinic is assessing a client who reports night sweats and fatigue. He states he has had a cough along with nausea and diarrhea. His temperature is 38.1 C (100.6 F) orally. The client is afraid he has HIV. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply)

-perinatal exposure -older adult woman -occupational exposure

A nurse is assessing a client for HIV. The nurse should identify that which of the following are risk factors associated with this virus? (select all that apply)

-western blot -indirect - immunofluorescence assay

A nurse is caring for a client who is suspected of having HIV. The nurse should identify that which of the following diagnostic tests and laboratory values are used to confirm HIV infection? (select all that apply)

I will add high protein foods to my diet

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has stage 2 HIV disease and is having difficulty maintaining a normal weight. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

I will cook vegetables before eating them

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has stage 3 HIV disease. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

the immune system is impaired predominantly by the eventual widespread destruction of CD4 T cells

During HIV infection_____________

-reevaluating vaccine practices -revealing antimicrobial resistance -challenging researchers to discover new antimicrobial therapies

Emerging and reemerging infections affect health car by (select all that apply)

decrease viral RNA levels

HIV antiretroviral drugs are used to________

occur in the presence of immunosuppression

Opportunistic diseases in HIV infection________

Laboratory analysis of blood to detect HIV antigen or antibody

Screening for HIV infection generally involves___________

all of the supplied antibiotics should be taken even when symptoms have resolved -to prevent the emergence of antibitotic-resistant organisms, patients need to take the entire prescription even if symptoms have resolved. Antibiotics should not be used routinely to prevent bacterial pneumonia.

The nurse informs the patient with a bacterial pneumonia that the most important factor in antibiotic treatment is ________________

Decreased viral load -goals of ART in the treatment of a patient with HIV are to decrease the viral load and maintain or increase CD 4 t cell counts. Combination drugs prescribed to prevent or decrease drug resistance. some of these drugs may impair live function; increased aminotransferase levels indicate impaired liver function.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving ART (antiretroviral therapy) for treatment of AIDS. Which assessment best indicates that the patient's condition is improving?

Once my viral load is undetectable I don't have to worry about taking my medication every day. -Persons with undetectable virus are still infected with HIV and need to take their HIV medication on a daily basis to keep the virus suppressed

The nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed 34 y/o male about his HIV infection. Which statement by the patient would indicate the patient NEEDS ADDITIONAL EDUCATION?

unprotected anal or vaginal sexual intercourse

Transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another most commonly occurs as a result of_______________

Assess the patient's routines and find adherence cues that fit into the patient's circumstances

What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help HIV-infected patient adhere to a treatment regimen?

-ART-related body changes include far redistribution and peripheral wasting -Lipid abnormalities include increases in triglycerides and decreases in high-density chloesterol -Insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia can be treated with drugs to control glucose and cholesterol

Which statements about metabolic side effects of ART is (are) true (select all that apply)

-untreated HIV infection has a predictable pattern of progression -late chronic HIV infection is called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) -Untreated HIV infection can remain in the early chronic stage for a decade

Which statements accurately describe HIV infection (select all that apply)

Using sterile equipment to inject drugs

Which strategy can the nurse teach the patient to eliminate the risk of HIV transmission?

-airborne precautions -standard precautions

Which types of isolation precaution is (are) appropriate for a patent with TB (select all that apply)?