med surge lvl 3 test 2
Hgb normal
12-18
Hct normal range
35-52
WBC normal
4-11
ALP (alkaline phosphatase)
50-120
calcium normal
8.5-10.5
hips can not bend more than
90 degrees
osteomyelitis
is an infection of the bone
treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome
NSAIDs steroids, braces to prevent hyperflexion, surgery
RBC
4.2-6.2
what is the number one priority when a cervical neck surgery is done
Airway is priority, watch for CSF leaks, watch for excessive swallowing which means bleeding
Risk factors for osteoporosis
Alcohol intake, use of tobacco, family hx, hx of bone fracture during adulthood, sedentary lifestyle, inadequate Cal and vitamin d intake, low BMI, postmenopausal women, corticosteroids
6 Ps of neurovascular assessment
Pain Pulse Pallor Parasthesia Paralysis Pokleothermia
strategies to prevent osteoporosis in menopausal and post-menopausal women
assess home environment for hazards contributing to Falls, demonstrate good body mechanics, engage in exercises that improve balance to reduce risk of Falls, review concurrent medical conditions medications with PCP to identify factors that contribute to bone loss
Buck traction
Skin traction. Used to TEMPORARILY immobilize a fractured leg or injured knee. Also used to correct lower extremity contractures or deformities.
fat embolism happens why
occurs following a long bone fracture, pelvic fracture and total hip arthroplasty
pts at risk for osteomyelitis
older adults, poorly nourished and obese
factors that inhibit fracture healing
age greater than 40 years, avascular necrosis, bone loss, cigarette smoking, diabetes, r a, corticosteroids, inadequate immobilization, infection,
a nurse is caring for a client with compartment syndrome. Which nursing actions are appropriate
assist with splitting the cast, assessing urine output, evaluating the pain on a scale of 0 to 10
strategies to prevent osteoporosis and young adults
consume diet with adequate calcium in vitamin D, engage in weight bearing exercise daily, avoid smoking, alcohol, caffeine, carbonated beverages
a client is awaiting surgery for ruptured lumbar nucleus puposus. which activity should the nurse inform the client will most likely increase pain? Select all that apply
coughing excessively, bearing down when having a bowel movement
late sign of compartment syndrome
cyanosis, pulselessness, numbness
signs of shock
decrease blood pressure increased heart rate decreased urinary output, skin cool moist and modeled, down level of consciousness, increased respiratory rate and very shallow
what are the diagnostic abnormalities present in a client with fat embolism syndrome, select all that apply
decreased pao2, increased fat cells in urine, decreased hematocrit level
what is the treatment for compartment syndrome
fasciotomy, beveling out cast, if fasciotomy occurs it will heal by second intention
fracture complications
fat embolism, compartment syndrome, VTE / DVT / PE
what levels will be affected by fat embolism
increased CO2, decreased po2, change in Loc, will have petechial rash on armpits chest, sclera, oral mucosa look for patiki
plaster cast
is heavy, not water resistant, increase in exothermic burn injury if plastic is left under the cast takes 24 to 72 hours to harden, handle with palms of hands until dry
hematogenous osteomyelitis
is systemic, sudden onset, chills, high fever, rapid pulse, amylase
herniation of lumbar disc
lower back pain with muscle spasms, radiation of the pain into one hip and down leg, is aggravated by bending lifting straining relieved by rest
what position should a lumbar patient be in after surgery
pillow under the head in knee lying on side to avoid extreme knee flexion, sitting is discouraged except when using the bathroom log roll when getting out of the bed
skeletal traction
pins through bone and weights cannot be released
a client with a history of herniated nucleus pulposus is scheduled for a total hip replacement surgery. To prevent the most common complication associated with this type of surgery, the nurse should instruct the client to perform which activity?
plantar flexion and dorsiflexion exercises
what causes carpal tunnel syndrome
repetitive hand and wrist movement, medial nerve is entrapped involves all fingers except pinky finger, pain numbness paresthesia weakness not pain or physical change
the nurse is caring for a client who has a posterior lumbar laminectomy. Which action is the priority
repositioning the client by logrolling
the nurse is caring for a client who has undergone a total hip replacement. The nurse recognizes which clinical manifestations that indicate PE?
sudden chest pain, abrupt onset of shortness of breath
what is the Hallmark sign of compartment syndrome
unrelenting pain
to make calcium work you need
vitamin C and vitamin D
what is needed when taking Caltrate, citracal
vitamin d and vitamin C are both needed when taking this medication
continguous osteomyelitis
will not have systemic symptoms only effect a specific area