med surge lvl 3 test 2

Hgb normal

12-18

Hct normal range

35-52

WBC normal

4-11

ALP (alkaline phosphatase)

50-120

calcium normal

8.5-10.5

hips can not bend more than

90 degrees

osteomyelitis

is an infection of the bone

treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome

NSAIDs steroids, braces to prevent hyperflexion, surgery

RBC

4.2-6.2

what is the number one priority when a cervical neck surgery is done

Airway is priority, watch for CSF leaks, watch for excessive swallowing which means bleeding

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Alcohol intake, use of tobacco, family hx, hx of bone fracture during adulthood, sedentary lifestyle, inadequate Cal and vitamin d intake, low BMI, postmenopausal women, corticosteroids

6 Ps of neurovascular assessment

Pain Pulse Pallor Parasthesia Paralysis Pokleothermia

strategies to prevent osteoporosis in menopausal and post-menopausal women

assess home environment for hazards contributing to Falls, demonstrate good body mechanics, engage in exercises that improve balance to reduce risk of Falls, review concurrent medical conditions medications with PCP to identify factors that contribute to bone loss

Buck traction

Skin traction. Used to TEMPORARILY immobilize a fractured leg or injured knee. Also used to correct lower extremity contractures or deformities.

fat embolism happens why

occurs following a long bone fracture, pelvic fracture and total hip arthroplasty

pts at risk for osteomyelitis

older adults, poorly nourished and obese

factors that inhibit fracture healing

age greater than 40 years, avascular necrosis, bone loss, cigarette smoking, diabetes, r a, corticosteroids, inadequate immobilization, infection,

a nurse is caring for a client with compartment syndrome. Which nursing actions are appropriate

assist with splitting the cast, assessing urine output, evaluating the pain on a scale of 0 to 10

strategies to prevent osteoporosis and young adults

consume diet with adequate calcium in vitamin D, engage in weight bearing exercise daily, avoid smoking, alcohol, caffeine, carbonated beverages

a client is awaiting surgery for ruptured lumbar nucleus puposus. which activity should the nurse inform the client will most likely increase pain? Select all that apply

coughing excessively, bearing down when having a bowel movement

late sign of compartment syndrome

cyanosis, pulselessness, numbness

signs of shock

decrease blood pressure increased heart rate decreased urinary output, skin cool moist and modeled, down level of consciousness, increased respiratory rate and very shallow

what are the diagnostic abnormalities present in a client with fat embolism syndrome, select all that apply

decreased pao2, increased fat cells in urine, decreased hematocrit level

what is the treatment for compartment syndrome

fasciotomy, beveling out cast, if fasciotomy occurs it will heal by second intention

fracture complications

fat embolism, compartment syndrome, VTE / DVT / PE

what levels will be affected by fat embolism

increased CO2, decreased po2, change in Loc, will have petechial rash on armpits chest, sclera, oral mucosa look for patiki

plaster cast

is heavy, not water resistant, increase in exothermic burn injury if plastic is left under the cast takes 24 to 72 hours to harden, handle with palms of hands until dry

hematogenous osteomyelitis

is systemic, sudden onset, chills, high fever, rapid pulse, amylase

herniation of lumbar disc

lower back pain with muscle spasms, radiation of the pain into one hip and down leg, is aggravated by bending lifting straining relieved by rest

what position should a lumbar patient be in after surgery

pillow under the head in knee lying on side to avoid extreme knee flexion, sitting is discouraged except when using the bathroom log roll when getting out of the bed

skeletal traction

pins through bone and weights cannot be released

a client with a history of herniated nucleus pulposus is scheduled for a total hip replacement surgery. To prevent the most common complication associated with this type of surgery, the nurse should instruct the client to perform which activity?

plantar flexion and dorsiflexion exercises

what causes carpal tunnel syndrome

repetitive hand and wrist movement, medial nerve is entrapped involves all fingers except pinky finger, pain numbness paresthesia weakness not pain or physical change

the nurse is caring for a client who has a posterior lumbar laminectomy. Which action is the priority

repositioning the client by logrolling

the nurse is caring for a client who has undergone a total hip replacement. The nurse recognizes which clinical manifestations that indicate PE?

sudden chest pain, abrupt onset of shortness of breath

what is the Hallmark sign of compartment syndrome

unrelenting pain

to make calcium work you need

vitamin C and vitamin D

what is needed when taking Caltrate, citracal

vitamin d and vitamin C are both needed when taking this medication

continguous osteomyelitis

will not have systemic symptoms only effect a specific area