med term ch 13
hypophysectomy
the removal of abnormal tissue from the pituitary gland
hypocalcemia
condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
coma
deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and no vocalization
hypothyroidism
deficiency of thyroid secretion
hypocalcemia
a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
autoimmune disorder
a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against the body's own tissues
diabetes mellitus
a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
gigantism
abnormal growth of the entire body caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty
exophthalmos
abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
aldosteronism
abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone
hyperglycemia
abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
hypercalcemia
abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood
hypoglycemia
abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood
goiter
an abnormal, nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland
aldosteronism
an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone
hashimoto
autoimmune disorder in which the bodys own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
type 1 diabetes
autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells
fructosamine test
blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks
hemoglobin A1c test
blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous 3 to 4 months
fasting blood sugar
blood test to measure the glucose levels after the patient has not eaten for 8-12 hours
thyroid carcinoma
cancer of the thyroid gland
hypoparathyroidism
condition caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of parathyroid hormone
diabetes insipidus
condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone
prediabetes
condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
hyperinsulinism
condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin
hypogonadism
condition of deficient secretion of hormones by the sex glands
short stature
condition resulting from failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk
short stature
condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk
cretinism
congenital form of hypothyroidism
diabetic coma
diabetic emergency caused by very high blood sugar
insulin shock
diabetic emergency caused by very low blood sugar
acromegaly
enlargement of the extremeties caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat in the body
polyphagia
excessive hunger
hypergonadism
excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyuria
excessive urination
adrenalitis
inflammation of adrenal glands
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
thymitis
inflammation of the thymus gland
type 2 diabetes
insulin resistance disorder in which, although insulin is being produced, the body does not use it effectively
inflammation
localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues
vasoconstrictor
medication that causes blood vessels to narrow
antithyroid drug
medication administered to slow the ability of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
oral administration
medication taken by mouth to be absorbed through the walls of the stomach or small intestine
synthetic thyroid hormones
medications administered to replace lost thyroid function
laprascopic adrenalectomy
minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands
radioactive iodine treatment
oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
overproduction of the ADH, leading to bloating, water retention, and electrolyte imbalance
homeostasis
processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
insomnia
prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep
thyroid storm
relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism
myxedema
severe form of adult hypothyroidism caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion
nodule
solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5cm in diameter and deeper than a papule
thyroid scan
specialized nuclear scan to evaluate thyroid function
stimulant
substance that works by increasing activity in certain areas of the brain to increase concentration and wakefuless
pancreatectomy
surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas
parathyroidectomy
surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands
pinealectomy
surgical removal of pineal gland
thymectomy
surgical removal of thymus
cortisone
synthetic equivalent of natural corticosteroids that are administered to suppress inflammation and to act as an immunosuppressant
human growth hormone
synthetic version of the growth hormone that is administered to stimulate growth when the natural supply of growth hormone is insufficient for normal development
home blood glucose monitoring
test performed by the patient using a drop of blood to measure the current blood sugar level
oral glucose tolerance test
test performed to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and to aid in diagnosing hypoglycemia
radioactive iodine uptake test
test using radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function
hyperthyroidism
the overproduction of thyroid hormones
pinealoma
tumor of the pineal gland
