med term ch 13

hypophysectomy

the removal of abnormal tissue from the pituitary gland

hypocalcemia

condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood

coma

deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and no vocalization

hypothyroidism

deficiency of thyroid secretion

hypocalcemia

a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood

autoimmune disorder

a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against the body's own tissues

diabetes mellitus

a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

gigantism

abnormal growth of the entire body caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty

exophthalmos

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit

aldosteronism

abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

hyperglycemia

abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood

hypercalcemia

abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood

hypoglycemia

abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood

goiter

an abnormal, nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland

aldosteronism

an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

hashimoto

autoimmune disorder in which the bodys own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

type 1 diabetes

autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells

fructosamine test

blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks

hemoglobin A1c test

blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous 3 to 4 months

fasting blood sugar

blood test to measure the glucose levels after the patient has not eaten for 8-12 hours

thyroid carcinoma

cancer of the thyroid gland

hypoparathyroidism

condition caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of parathyroid hormone

diabetes insipidus

condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone

prediabetes

condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes

hyperinsulinism

condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin

hypogonadism

condition of deficient secretion of hormones by the sex glands

short stature

condition resulting from failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk

short stature

condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk

cretinism

congenital form of hypothyroidism

diabetic coma

diabetic emergency caused by very high blood sugar

insulin shock

diabetic emergency caused by very low blood sugar

acromegaly

enlargement of the extremeties caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

obesity

excessive accumulation of fat in the body

polyphagia

excessive hunger

hypergonadism

excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands

polydipsia

excessive thirst

polyuria

excessive urination

adrenalitis

inflammation of adrenal glands

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

thymitis

inflammation of the thymus gland

type 2 diabetes

insulin resistance disorder in which, although insulin is being produced, the body does not use it effectively

inflammation

localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues

vasoconstrictor

medication that causes blood vessels to narrow

antithyroid drug

medication administered to slow the ability of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

oral administration

medication taken by mouth to be absorbed through the walls of the stomach or small intestine

synthetic thyroid hormones

medications administered to replace lost thyroid function

laprascopic adrenalectomy

minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands

radioactive iodine treatment

oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

overproduction of the ADH, leading to bloating, water retention, and electrolyte imbalance

homeostasis

processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

insomnia

prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep

thyroid storm

relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism

myxedema

severe form of adult hypothyroidism caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion

nodule

solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5cm in diameter and deeper than a papule

thyroid scan

specialized nuclear scan to evaluate thyroid function

stimulant

substance that works by increasing activity in certain areas of the brain to increase concentration and wakefuless

pancreatectomy

surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas

parathyroidectomy

surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands

pinealectomy

surgical removal of pineal gland

thymectomy

surgical removal of thymus

cortisone

synthetic equivalent of natural corticosteroids that are administered to suppress inflammation and to act as an immunosuppressant

human growth hormone

synthetic version of the growth hormone that is administered to stimulate growth when the natural supply of growth hormone is insufficient for normal development

home blood glucose monitoring

test performed by the patient using a drop of blood to measure the current blood sugar level

oral glucose tolerance test

test performed to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and to aid in diagnosing hypoglycemia

radioactive iodine uptake test

test using radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function

hyperthyroidism

the overproduction of thyroid hormones

pinealoma

tumor of the pineal gland