Medical Terminology Chapter 15 Nervous System and Behavioral Health

preictal

before a seizure

cerebell/o

cerebellum

hyperesthesia

excessive sensitivity

a manner or style of walking

gait

gangli/o, ganglion/o

ganglion

phobia

marked and persistent fear

ment/o, psych/o

mind

meningiomyelocele

protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord

sudden attack with an involuntary series of contractions (synonymous with convulsion)

seizure

esthesi/o

sensation, sensitivity, feeling

viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves (also called herpes zoster)

shingles

pertaining to below the dura mater, bumor of blood (collection of blood resulting form a broken blood vessel)

subdural hematoma

panplegia

total paralysis

psychosis

abnl condition of the mind

paresthesia

abnl sensation such as burning prickling tingling

ADL's

activities of daily living

postictal

after a seizure

disee characterized by early senility, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, restlessness, and impaired memory

alzheimer disease (AD)

progressive muscle aophy caused by hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord (also called Lou Gehrig disease)

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

lack of muscle coordination

ataxia

paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usually a temporary condition

bell palsy

interictal

between seizures

encephal/o

brain

aneurysm in the cerebrum

cerebral aneurysm

radiographic imaging of the blood vessels in the brain (after an injection of contrast medium)

cerebral angiography

an embolus that lodges in the cerebral artery, causing sudden blockage of blood supply to the brain tissue (type of ischemic stroke)

cerebral embolism

condition characterized by lack of muscle col and partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after

cerebral palsy (CP)

pertaining to the cerebrum, abnormal condition of a clot (type of ischemic stroke)

cerebral thrombosis

CVA

cerebrovascular accident

cerebr/o

cerebrum, brain

PTSD

chronic, debilitating emotional response to traumatic event

pertaining to the mental processes of comprehension, judgement, memory, and reason

cognitive

state of profound unconsciousness

coma

pica

compulsive eating of weird things like clay or ice. result of iron deficiency

jarring or shaking that results in an injury

concussion

awake, alert, aware of one's surroundings

conscious

efferent

conveying away from the center

afferent

conveying toward a center

sudden, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles (synonymous to seizure)

convulsion

cognitive impairment characterized by loss of intellectual brain function

dementia

dysphasia

difficulty speaking

mononeuropathy

disease affecting a single nerve

neuroarthropathy

disease of nerves and joints

adhd

disorder of learning and behavior

somatoform disorders

disorders characterized y physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists

a state of mental confusion as to time, place, or identity

disorientation

neurolysis

dissolution of a nerve

record of the electrical impulses of the brain

electroencephalogram (EEG)

instrument used to record the electical impulses of the brain

electroencephalograph

process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain

electroencephalography

anxiety disorder

emotional disorder characterized by feelings of apprehensin, tension, or uneasiness

disorder in which the main ymptom is recurring seizures

epilepsy

panic attack

episode of sudden onset of acute anx. occurring unpredictably

quadr/i

four

gli/o

glia (also called neuroglia), gluey substance

gliocyte

glial cell

poli/o

gray matter

schizophrenia

gross distortions of reality, disturbance of language and communication, withdrawl from social interaction, etc

dur/o

hard, dura mater

encephalosclerosis

hardening of the brain

result of bleeding

hemorrhagic stroke

increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, which can cause enlargement of the cranium in infants

hydrocephalus

dysarthria

inability to use speech that is distict and connected bc of loss of muscle control after damage to periph and central nervous system

radicotomy, rhizotomy

incision into a nerve root

unable to express one's thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligible manner

incoherent

poliomyelitis

inflamm of grey matter of spinal cord

rhizomeningomyelitis

inflamm of nerve root, meninges, and spinal cord

radiculitis

inflamm of nerve roots

bleeding into the brain as a result of a ruptured blood vessel within the brain

intracerebral hemorrhage

OCD

intrusive, unwanted thoughts that result in the tendency to perform repetitive acts or rituals

result of a blocked blood vessel

ischemic stroke

insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae (also called a spinal tap)

lumbar puncture (LP)

bipolar disorder

major psych disorder typified by a disturbance in mood. manic and depressive episodes

meningi/o, mening/o

meninges

protrusion of the meninges (through a defect in the skull or vertebral column)

meningocele

protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord (through the vertebral column)(also called myelomeningocele)

meningomyelocele

MS

multiple sclerosis

degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord

multiple sclerosis (MS)

neur/o

nerve

radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o

nerve root (proximaend of a peripheral nerve, closest to the spinal cord)

tumor made up of nerve (cells)

neuroma

neurologist

one who studies and treats diseases of nervous sytem

mon/o

one, single

psychogenic

originating in the mind

neuralgia

pain in a nerve

hemiplegia

paralysis of half of bod

monoplegia

paralysis of one limb

paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord

paraplegia

chronic degeneative disease of the CNS

parkinson disease (PD)

subdural

pertain to below the dura mater

psychosomatic

pertain to the mind and body

inflammationof the sciatic nerve, causing pain thattravels from the thigh through the leg to the foot and toes

sciatica

-ictal

seizure, attack

tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid

shunt

-paresis

slight paralysis

hemiparesis

slight paralysis of half of body

monoparesis

slight paralysis of one limb

myelomalacia

softening of the spinal cord

psychologist

specialist of the mind

-iatrist

specialist, physician

-logist

specialst

autism

spectrum of mental disorders characterized by inability to interact socially, or impaired communication

phas/o

speech

myel/o

spinal cord

occurs when there is an interruption of blood supply to a rgion of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients. the cells cannot perform and may be damaged or die within minutes.

stroke

bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain (usually a ruptured cerebral aneurysm) that rapidly fills the space between the brain and skull subarachnoid space) with blood. (a type of hemorrhagic stroke)

subarachnoid hemorrhage

fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum

syncope

sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

-iatry

treatment, specalty

state of being unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock, or illness

unconsciousness

anesthenia

without feeling or sensation

aphasia

without speaking

process of recording (scan) the spinal cord (after an injection of a contrast agent into the subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture)

CT myelography