Medical Terminology Chapter 15 Nervous System and Behavioral Health
preictal
before a seizure
cerebell/o
cerebellum
hyperesthesia
excessive sensitivity
a manner or style of walking
gait
gangli/o, ganglion/o
ganglion
phobia
marked and persistent fear
ment/o, psych/o
mind
meningiomyelocele
protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord
sudden attack with an involuntary series of contractions (synonymous with convulsion)
seizure
esthesi/o
sensation, sensitivity, feeling
viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves (also called herpes zoster)
shingles
pertaining to below the dura mater, bumor of blood (collection of blood resulting form a broken blood vessel)
subdural hematoma
panplegia
total paralysis
psychosis
abnl condition of the mind
paresthesia
abnl sensation such as burning prickling tingling
ADL's
activities of daily living
postictal
after a seizure
disee characterized by early senility, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, restlessness, and impaired memory
alzheimer disease (AD)
progressive muscle aophy caused by hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord (also called Lou Gehrig disease)
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
lack of muscle coordination
ataxia
paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usually a temporary condition
bell palsy
interictal
between seizures
encephal/o
brain
aneurysm in the cerebrum
cerebral aneurysm
radiographic imaging of the blood vessels in the brain (after an injection of contrast medium)
cerebral angiography
an embolus that lodges in the cerebral artery, causing sudden blockage of blood supply to the brain tissue (type of ischemic stroke)
cerebral embolism
condition characterized by lack of muscle col and partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after
cerebral palsy (CP)
pertaining to the cerebrum, abnormal condition of a clot (type of ischemic stroke)
cerebral thrombosis
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
cerebr/o
cerebrum, brain
PTSD
chronic, debilitating emotional response to traumatic event
pertaining to the mental processes of comprehension, judgement, memory, and reason
cognitive
state of profound unconsciousness
coma
pica
compulsive eating of weird things like clay or ice. result of iron deficiency
jarring or shaking that results in an injury
concussion
awake, alert, aware of one's surroundings
conscious
efferent
conveying away from the center
afferent
conveying toward a center
sudden, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles (synonymous to seizure)
convulsion
cognitive impairment characterized by loss of intellectual brain function
dementia
dysphasia
difficulty speaking
mononeuropathy
disease affecting a single nerve
neuroarthropathy
disease of nerves and joints
adhd
disorder of learning and behavior
somatoform disorders
disorders characterized y physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists
a state of mental confusion as to time, place, or identity
disorientation
neurolysis
dissolution of a nerve
record of the electrical impulses of the brain
electroencephalogram (EEG)
instrument used to record the electical impulses of the brain
electroencephalograph
process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain
electroencephalography
anxiety disorder
emotional disorder characterized by feelings of apprehensin, tension, or uneasiness
disorder in which the main ymptom is recurring seizures
epilepsy
panic attack
episode of sudden onset of acute anx. occurring unpredictably
quadr/i
four
gli/o
glia (also called neuroglia), gluey substance
gliocyte
glial cell
poli/o
gray matter
schizophrenia
gross distortions of reality, disturbance of language and communication, withdrawl from social interaction, etc
dur/o
hard, dura mater
encephalosclerosis
hardening of the brain
result of bleeding
hemorrhagic stroke
increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, which can cause enlargement of the cranium in infants
hydrocephalus
dysarthria
inability to use speech that is distict and connected bc of loss of muscle control after damage to periph and central nervous system
radicotomy, rhizotomy
incision into a nerve root
unable to express one's thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligible manner
incoherent
poliomyelitis
inflamm of grey matter of spinal cord
rhizomeningomyelitis
inflamm of nerve root, meninges, and spinal cord
radiculitis
inflamm of nerve roots
bleeding into the brain as a result of a ruptured blood vessel within the brain
intracerebral hemorrhage
OCD
intrusive, unwanted thoughts that result in the tendency to perform repetitive acts or rituals
result of a blocked blood vessel
ischemic stroke
insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae (also called a spinal tap)
lumbar puncture (LP)
bipolar disorder
major psych disorder typified by a disturbance in mood. manic and depressive episodes
meningi/o, mening/o
meninges
protrusion of the meninges (through a defect in the skull or vertebral column)
meningocele
protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord (through the vertebral column)(also called myelomeningocele)
meningomyelocele
MS
multiple sclerosis
degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord
multiple sclerosis (MS)
neur/o
nerve
radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o
nerve root (proximaend of a peripheral nerve, closest to the spinal cord)
tumor made up of nerve (cells)
neuroma
neurologist
one who studies and treats diseases of nervous sytem
mon/o
one, single
psychogenic
originating in the mind
neuralgia
pain in a nerve
hemiplegia
paralysis of half of bod
monoplegia
paralysis of one limb
paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord
paraplegia
chronic degeneative disease of the CNS
parkinson disease (PD)
subdural
pertain to below the dura mater
psychosomatic
pertain to the mind and body
inflammationof the sciatic nerve, causing pain thattravels from the thigh through the leg to the foot and toes
sciatica
-ictal
seizure, attack
tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid
shunt
-paresis
slight paralysis
hemiparesis
slight paralysis of half of body
monoparesis
slight paralysis of one limb
myelomalacia
softening of the spinal cord
psychologist
specialist of the mind
-iatrist
specialist, physician
-logist
specialst
autism
spectrum of mental disorders characterized by inability to interact socially, or impaired communication
phas/o
speech
myel/o
spinal cord
occurs when there is an interruption of blood supply to a rgion of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients. the cells cannot perform and may be damaged or die within minutes.
stroke
bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain (usually a ruptured cerebral aneurysm) that rapidly fills the space between the brain and skull subarachnoid space) with blood. (a type of hemorrhagic stroke)
subarachnoid hemorrhage
fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum
syncope
sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
-iatry
treatment, specalty
state of being unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock, or illness
unconsciousness
anesthenia
without feeling or sensation
aphasia
without speaking
process of recording (scan) the spinal cord (after an injection of a contrast agent into the subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture)
CT myelography