Medical Terminology, Female reproductive system
egg cells and hormones
What are the ovaries responsible for producing?
perimetrium
outer layer of the uterus
menopause
occurs when a woman's reproductive cycle stops; is marked by decreased levels of ovarian hormones and increased levels of pituitary FSH and LH hormones
anteflexion
occurs when the body and fundus of the uterus flex forward at the cervix
progesterone
one of the hormones responsible for the development of female body characteristics in a girl
fundus
top portion of the uterus
labium minora
two more barely visible, hairless skin folds
labium majora
two prominent skin folds in the vulvar area, just outside the opening to the vagina
46
How many chromosomes does a zygote have?
one egg
How many eggs a month do the ovaries produce?
normally
How will women act during latent labor?
second trimester
weeks 14-26
7 days
About how long does the journey through the fallopian tubes take?
4 cm
About how long is each ovary?
40 weeks
About how long is the duration of pregnancy?
200,000-400,000
About how many immature eggs does a female have at birth?
2 weeks
About how many weeks does ovulation occur before the menstrual period begins?
pear
Before pregnancy what does the uterus resemble?
Two different eggs are fertilized
How are fraternal twins created?
One fertilized egg splits
How are identical twins created?
peritoneal ligaments
How are the ovaries held in place?
add nine months and seven days to the last menstrual period date
How can you calculate the due date of a pregnant woman?
3 trimesters
How is pregnancy divided?
24-48 hours
How long are eggs fertile?
peristalsis of smooth muscle
In the fallopian tube, how is the egg moved along to the uterus?
currents
What are produced to help propel the egg into the fallopian tubes?
vulva and pudenum
What are some names for the external genitalia?
latent labor and active labor
What are the two distinct phases of labor?
Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration
What does APGAR stand for?
estrogen and progesterone
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
survival of species
What is the main function of the human reproductive system?
ovaries
What is the primary organ of the female reproductive system?
first true contraction
When does labor begin?
complete effacement and dilation to 10 cm
When does labor end?
first time mothers
When is latent labor longest for a mother?
fallopian tubes
Where does fertilization usually occur?
embryo
a human being from the moment of fertilization until the end of the 8th week
intrauterine device (IUD)
a small, plastic device that is inserted and left inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy
fetus
human being developing in the uterus from the 8th week until birth
vulva
all of the external accessory structures of the female reproductive system
eclampsia
an acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy, characterized by seizures
episiotomy
an incision made to the perineum to widen the vaginal opening for delivery
cesarean section
an incision through the abdominal and uterine walls for extraction of the fetus; it may be vertical or horizontal; C-section
breech presentation
baby's feet or buttocks present at cervix, as opposed to the normal head first presentation
crowning
baby's head has passed through the birth canal and the top stays visible at the vaginal opening
first trimester
begins with contraception and ends at the 13th week
pap test
checks for abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix
ectopic pregnancy
complication of pregnancy in which the embryo implants outside the uterine cavity; life threatening to mother
placenta previa
condition in which the placenta grows in the lowest part of the womb and covers all or part of the opening to the cervix
atresia
congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening
ovum
egg cells
ovulation
eggs travel down one fallopian tube to a site where they can be fertilized by sperm
dilation
extent to which the cervix has opened in preparation for childbirth; measured in centimeters
zygote
fertilized ovum
menarche
first menstrual period
meconium
greenish substance that builds up in the bowels of a growing fetus and is normally discharged shortly after birth
endometrium
inner layer of the uterus
external genitalia
labia minora, labia majora, clitoris, bartholins' glands
latent labor
longest part f the birthing process; may last anywhere from one to three days
cervix
lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it attaches to the vagina
pelvimetry
measurement of the capacity and diameter of the pelvis
APGAR score
measurement of the newborn's response to birth and life outside of the womb; ratings are taken at 1 and 5 minutes following birth
preeclampsia
medical condition characterized by high blood pressure and significant amounts of protein in the urine of a pregnant woman
tubal ligation
method of female sterilization in which the fallopian tubes are surgically tied and/ or cut or cauterized
body
middle part of the uterus
myometrium
middle, muscular layer of the uterus
vagina
muscular tube, about 10 cm long, that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body
neonate
newborn infant
internal genitalia
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, cervix
puerperium
period of time after the birth of a child; post-partum
gestation
period of time in which the fetus develops, beginning at fertilization and ending at birth
abruptio placenta
placenta has started to separate from the uterine wall before the baby is born
amniocentesis
procedure in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus for testing or treatment
D&C
procedure to scrape and collect tissue from inside the uterus
labor
regular contractions of the uterus that result in dilation and effacement of the cervix
episiorrhaphy
repair of a lacerated vulva or an episiotomy
curettage
scraping of the walls of the uterus
spontaneous abortion
spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy; miscarriage
placenta
temporary organ that joins the mother and fetus, transferring oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus permitting the release of carbon dioxide and waste products from the fetus
stage two
the baby is born; uterine contractions are more frequent, last longer, and are of greater intensity
premature infant
the birth of an infant prior to 37 weeks
stage one
the cervix dilates and effaces
Fimbriae
the fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube
stage three
the placenta detaches and passes out of the body; occurs about 30 minutes after birth
effacement
thinning of the cervix in preparation for birth and is expressed in percentages
third trimester
weeks 27-40
menstruation
when an egg is unfertilized and shed from the body with the thickened lining of the uterus
stillbirth
when fetal death occures after 20 weeks of pregnancy