Medical Terminology, Female reproductive system

egg cells and hormones

What are the ovaries responsible for producing?

perimetrium

outer layer of the uterus

menopause

occurs when a woman's reproductive cycle stops; is marked by decreased levels of ovarian hormones and increased levels of pituitary FSH and LH hormones

anteflexion

occurs when the body and fundus of the uterus flex forward at the cervix

progesterone

one of the hormones responsible for the development of female body characteristics in a girl

fundus

top portion of the uterus

labium minora

two more barely visible, hairless skin folds

labium majora

two prominent skin folds in the vulvar area, just outside the opening to the vagina

46

How many chromosomes does a zygote have?

one egg

How many eggs a month do the ovaries produce?

normally

How will women act during latent labor?

second trimester

weeks 14-26

7 days

About how long does the journey through the fallopian tubes take?

4 cm

About how long is each ovary?

40 weeks

About how long is the duration of pregnancy?

200,000-400,000

About how many immature eggs does a female have at birth?

2 weeks

About how many weeks does ovulation occur before the menstrual period begins?

pear

Before pregnancy what does the uterus resemble?

Two different eggs are fertilized

How are fraternal twins created?

One fertilized egg splits

How are identical twins created?

peritoneal ligaments

How are the ovaries held in place?

add nine months and seven days to the last menstrual period date

How can you calculate the due date of a pregnant woman?

3 trimesters

How is pregnancy divided?

24-48 hours

How long are eggs fertile?

peristalsis of smooth muscle

In the fallopian tube, how is the egg moved along to the uterus?

currents

What are produced to help propel the egg into the fallopian tubes?

vulva and pudenum

What are some names for the external genitalia?

latent labor and active labor

What are the two distinct phases of labor?

Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration

What does APGAR stand for?

estrogen and progesterone

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

survival of species

What is the main function of the human reproductive system?

ovaries

What is the primary organ of the female reproductive system?

first true contraction

When does labor begin?

complete effacement and dilation to 10 cm

When does labor end?

first time mothers

When is latent labor longest for a mother?

fallopian tubes

Where does fertilization usually occur?

embryo

a human being from the moment of fertilization until the end of the 8th week

intrauterine device (IUD)

a small, plastic device that is inserted and left inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy

fetus

human being developing in the uterus from the 8th week until birth

vulva

all of the external accessory structures of the female reproductive system

eclampsia

an acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy, characterized by seizures

episiotomy

an incision made to the perineum to widen the vaginal opening for delivery

cesarean section

an incision through the abdominal and uterine walls for extraction of the fetus; it may be vertical or horizontal; C-section

breech presentation

baby's feet or buttocks present at cervix, as opposed to the normal head first presentation

crowning

baby's head has passed through the birth canal and the top stays visible at the vaginal opening

first trimester

begins with contraception and ends at the 13th week

pap test

checks for abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix

ectopic pregnancy

complication of pregnancy in which the embryo implants outside the uterine cavity; life threatening to mother

placenta previa

condition in which the placenta grows in the lowest part of the womb and covers all or part of the opening to the cervix

atresia

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening

ovum

egg cells

ovulation

eggs travel down one fallopian tube to a site where they can be fertilized by sperm

dilation

extent to which the cervix has opened in preparation for childbirth; measured in centimeters

zygote

fertilized ovum

menarche

first menstrual period

meconium

greenish substance that builds up in the bowels of a growing fetus and is normally discharged shortly after birth

endometrium

inner layer of the uterus

external genitalia

labia minora, labia majora, clitoris, bartholins' glands

latent labor

longest part f the birthing process; may last anywhere from one to three days

cervix

lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it attaches to the vagina

pelvimetry

measurement of the capacity and diameter of the pelvis

APGAR score

measurement of the newborn's response to birth and life outside of the womb; ratings are taken at 1 and 5 minutes following birth

preeclampsia

medical condition characterized by high blood pressure and significant amounts of protein in the urine of a pregnant woman

tubal ligation

method of female sterilization in which the fallopian tubes are surgically tied and/ or cut or cauterized

body

middle part of the uterus

myometrium

middle, muscular layer of the uterus

vagina

muscular tube, about 10 cm long, that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body

neonate

newborn infant

internal genitalia

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, cervix

puerperium

period of time after the birth of a child; post-partum

gestation

period of time in which the fetus develops, beginning at fertilization and ending at birth

abruptio placenta

placenta has started to separate from the uterine wall before the baby is born

amniocentesis

procedure in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus for testing or treatment

D&C

procedure to scrape and collect tissue from inside the uterus

labor

regular contractions of the uterus that result in dilation and effacement of the cervix

episiorrhaphy

repair of a lacerated vulva or an episiotomy

curettage

scraping of the walls of the uterus

spontaneous abortion

spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy; miscarriage

placenta

temporary organ that joins the mother and fetus, transferring oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus permitting the release of carbon dioxide and waste products from the fetus

stage two

the baby is born; uterine contractions are more frequent, last longer, and are of greater intensity

premature infant

the birth of an infant prior to 37 weeks

stage one

the cervix dilates and effaces

Fimbriae

the fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube

stage three

the placenta detaches and passes out of the body; occurs about 30 minutes after birth

effacement

thinning of the cervix in preparation for birth and is expressed in percentages

third trimester

weeks 27-40

menstruation

when an egg is unfertilized and shed from the body with the thickened lining of the uterus

stillbirth

when fetal death occures after 20 weeks of pregnancy