medical terminology final
Blood in the stool that is present but not visible to the naked eye is called ______.
occult blood
The use of work and recreational activities to increase independent function in patients is called _____________ therapy
occupational
Premature beats
occur most often in elderly people and are usually associated with caffeine and stress
hypovolemic shock
occurs from loss of blood volume, often due to excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) or dehydration
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
occurs much more often than hodgkin's lymphoma. 30 different diseases in 10 different sub types
heart block
occurs when interference in cardiac electrical conduction prevents the atria's contractions from coordinating with the ventricles' contractions
Cononary artery disease
occurs when the coronary arteries supplying blood to the myocardium are constricted by atherosclerotic plaques called atheroma. this reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscle. Platelet clumping can occur on the plaque and form a blood clot (coronary thrombosis).
Abnormal curvature of the spine is more common in ______ people, particularly those with osteoporosis.
older
What is the medical term for sense of smell?
olfaction
Lymphatic vessels resemble small veins and have _____ valves.
one-way
fungus infection in nail
onychomycosis
Instrument for viewing the retina is a(n)
ophthalmoscope
A retinal detachment is visible on a(n)
ophthalmoscopic
A(n) _____ examination of the retina is performed with an ophthalmoscope.
ophthalmoscopic
The examination of the retina using an ophthalmoscope is called
ophthalmoscopy
process of viewing the retina.
ophthalmoscopy
A professional skilled in the measurement of vision but who cannot treat eye diseases or prescribe medication is known as a(n) .
optometrist
The profession of the measurement of vision is _____.
optometry
Vitamins are essential ______ substances necessary in small amounts for normal cell function.
organic
the ________ of a skeletal muscle is its stationary attachment site. Its ___________ is its movable attachment site.
origin insertion
The region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and the tip of the epiglottis is the ______.
oropharynx
Braces and walkers used during recovery are examples of _____________ appliances.
orthopedic
A(n) ______ is a specialist who fabricates and fits orthotic appliances, often upon the recommendation of a physical therapist.
orthotist
Chronic inflammatory disease of joints
osteoarthritis
The abbreviation OA stands for ______.
osteoarthritis
A bacterial or fungal infection of the external auditory canal
otitis externa
swimmers ear
otitis externa
epicardium
outer single layer of cells overlying a thin layer of connective tissue
The gonads of the female are called ______.
ovaries
Macular degeneration usually occurs in people
over the age of 55.
Polycythemia is a disease characterized by ______.
overproduction of RBCs
Hemoglobin that has ______ bound to it is called oxyhemoglobin.
oxygen
Which gas is transported to the tissues from the lung?
oxygen
how does blood circulate through the ventricles in the heart?
oxygen and nutrients are delivered to your bodies cells, and co2 and metabolic waste products are removed from the cells. this deoxygenated blood, via the veins, returns to the heart where the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs. in the lungs, the co2 waste material is exchanged for oxygen from inhaled air. this oxygenated blood then travels to the pulmonary veins back to the left side of the heart.
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the uterus to contract
oxytocin
device that regulates the cardiac electrical activity
pacemaker
The roof of the mouth or floor of the nose is termed ______.
palate
Any small projection is called ______.
papilla
Benign projection of epithelial cells
papilloma
An abnormal sensation; e.g., tingling, burning, and pricking is called ______.
paresthesia
Troponin I and T
part of a protein complex in muscle that is released into the blood during a muscle injury. found in heart muscle but not skeletal, which makes it a high- sensitive indicator of a recent MI.
Light rays that strike the eye in the center of the cornea
pass straight through without bending.
functions of the nose
passage way for air air cleanser air moisturizer air warmer sense of smell
A term that means the opposite of active is
passive
Human immunoglobulins confer ______ immunity.
passive
The tonsils are ______.
patches of lymphoid tissue near the throat
What is the term for the thin, circular bone in front of the knee joint, embedded in the patellar tendon?
patella
kneecap
patella
A disease-causing organism or microorganism is known as a(n) ______.
pathogen
The type of meter that records the greatest flow of air that can be sustained for 10 milliseconds on forced expiration is the ______.
peak flow
Lice produce disease called ___________ by attaching their nits (eggs) to hair and clothing.
pediculosis
The antibiotic ______ is derived from a fungus.
penicillin
hematocrit
percentage of total blood volume composed of red blood cells
tissue surrounding the eye
periorbital
Seventy-five percent of all amputations are preformed on people over 65 years of age with _____ vascular disease.
peripheral
Smooth muscle powers the movement of food through the digestive system via ______.
peristalsis
Anemia caused by deficiency of intrinsic factor, leading to inadequate vitamin B12 absorption, is ______.
pernicious anemia
The term ophthalmic means
pertaining to the eye.
The metacarpals connect to the ______ at the metacarpophalangeal joints.
phalanges
Inflammation of the pharynx is called ______.
pharyngitis
Using a laser to cause clotting in vessels of the retina is _____.
photocoagulation
PDT stands for____________ therapy which exposes the skin to a high-intensity blue light and creates a toxic environment in which bacteria in the sebaceous glands cannot live.
photodynamic
A(n) ____ cell receives light and converts it into electrical impulses.
photoreceptor
In diabetic retinopathy, retinal hemorrhage destroys
photoreceptor cells.
physiatrist
physical medicine and rehabilitation.
Gait retraining to improve walking ability after stroke or joint replacement is the role of the
physical therapist
Therapeutic exercises to restore strength to legs weakened by trauma or stroke are prescribed by
physical therapists.
pulmonologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung
hematologist immunologist epidemiologist clinical laboratory technicians immunology technicians transfusion technicians phlebotomist
physicians who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of blood and bone marrow diseases allergists are physicians who specialize in immune system disorders, such as allergies, asthma, and immunodeficiency and auto immune diseases medical scientists involved in the study of epidemic diseases and how they are transmitted and controlled perform routine testing procedures on body fluids, blood, and other tissues using microscopes, computers, and other laboratory equipment certified laboratory technicians with a special interest in immunology, who generally work alongside medical researchers certified technicians who deal with all phases of blood transfusions assist physicians by drawing patient blood samples for laboratory testing
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterium to invade the skin and causes
pimples boils impetigo
The hypothalamus connects the brain to the endocrine system through blood vessels between the hypothalamus and the ______ gland.
pituitary
Coronary artery disease occurs when the coronary arteries supplying blood to the myocardium are constricted by ______.
plaque
The fluid, noncellular component of the blood, is called ______.
plasma
What is the Greek term that means something formed?
plasma
B cells differentiate into
plasma cells
What are different methods of tonometery that measure intraocular pressure?
pneumatonometry Goldmann
Surgical removal of a lung is called ______.
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of the lung
pneumonectomy
Air in the pleural cavity is termed ______.
pneumothorax
A(n) ______ is a substance that makes an environment unclean or impure.
pollutant
What is the term for excessive thirst?
polydipsia
White blood cells with a multilobed nucleus are ______.
polymorphonuclear cells
Nasal ______ are benign growths arising from the mucosa of the nasal cavity or a sinus.
polyps
papillomas
polyps are bening tumors of the larynx due to overuse or irritation.
The parathyroid glands are located on the ______ surface of the thyroid gland.
posterior
A(n) ______ fracture is a fracture of the fibula near the ankle and is often accompanied by a fracture of the medial malleolus of the tibia.
pott
ventricular arrhythmias include
premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) - when extra impulses arise from the ventricle ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - when ventricles lose control, quivering instead of pumping
antibodies
present in plasma. each antibody can combine with only a specific antigen. if the plasma antibodies combine with another red cell antigen, bridges form and connect these red cells together. this is called
When a patient lies in one position for a long period they are at risk of developing ____ ulcers.
pressure decubitus
decubitus
pressure ulcer
The term _____ refers to a process to prevent occurrence of a disease or health problem.
prevention
If an Rh negative person is transfused with Rh positive blood they will ______.
produce antibodies against the Rh antigen
A hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated form the prostate gland is ______.
prostaglandin
An artificial part to remedy a defect in the body is a(n)
prosthesis
greek for addition
prosthesis
Myoglobin is
protein of muscle that stores and transports oxygen.
A skin disease of unknown cause that presents with itchy, flaky, red patches covered with white or silvery scales is called _________
psoriasis
Drooping down of the upper eyelid or an organ is called
ptosis
The thin-walled alveoli sacs allow the exchange of gases with the surrounding ______ capillary network.
pulmonary
When blood is routed from the right side of the heart to the lungs, this is done through ______ circulation.
pulmonary
The sensor that is placed on the finger to measure the oxygen saturation of the blood is a(n) ______.
pulse oximeter
three most important functions of the heart
pump blood -The heart contracts and generates pressure that moves blood through the blood vessels. route blood - The right side of the heart sends blood to the lungs and then back to the left side of the heart and out to the body. regulate blood supply - Changing metabolic needs of your tissues and organs are met by change in the rate and force of the heart's contractions.
The central opening in the iris of the eye that allows light to enter is the
pupil
The central opening of the iris, which appears black, is the _____.
pupil
An adjective that means pertaining to the pupil is _____.
pupillary
The term that refers to showing or containing a lot of pus is
purulent
A surgical procedure to treat myopia in which cuts are made to flatten the cornea is called
radial keratotomy
keloid
raised, irregular, lumpy scar
effect of glucagon
raises blood glucose levels
malignant hypertension
rare, life-threatening type of hypertension that involves a blood pressure reading greater than 200/120
Anemia is a deficiency of ______.
red blood cells
if the burn is deep, the tissue cannot ________ itself, and a skin graft is needed. this graft can come from the patient, ________, or from another person, ___________, or even from another species __________. grafts may also come from the skin banks or _____________.
regenerate autograft allograft xenografts cadavers
A function of the circulatory system is to ______ blood pressure by maintaining a steady flow of blood and blood pressure to the tissues.
regulate
The therapeutic restoration of one's ability to function as before is
rehabilitation
cuticle, paronychia, onychomyosis
related to nails
integumentary, dermatitis, subcutaneous
related to skin
Another name for ventilator is __.
respirator
What does RICE mean?
rest, ice, compression, elevation
The Greek term tone means tension present in what type of muscles?
resting
secondary hypertension
results from other diseases like kidney disease, atherosclerosis, and hyperthyroidism
hypertension (HTN)
results from prolonged elevated blood pressure in the vascular system
The light-sensitive innermost layer of the eye is the
retina
Partial or complete separation of the retina from its underlying choroid layer is called _____.
retinal detachment
The most common cancer in children is
retinoblastoma
A virus with an RNA core is called ______.
retrovirus
HIV is one of a group of viruses known as a(n) ______.
retrovirus
ultrasonography fine needle aspiration biopsy antithyroid antibodies
reveals the size of the gland and the presence of nodules distinguishes benign from malignant nodules associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the thyroid
Four chambers of the heart
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
tinea
ringworm
The two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina are
rods and cones
rosacea
rosy
An eosinophils granules attract a(n) ______ color upon staining.
rosy-red
An adjective that means circular movement is
rotary
frequent sport injury to the shoulder girdle
rotator cuff tear
Impetigo
scabby eruption
What are the areas of skin where psoriasis commonly occurs?
scalp elbows knees
shoulder blade
scapula
The tough, white outer layer of the eyeball is the _____.
sclera
The dermis is the location of sweat and _______________ glands, ___________ follicles, and nail ________.
sebaceous hair roots or root
Production by a cell(s) of physiologically active substance and its movement out of the cell is known as _____.
secretion
The prefix in the term autoimmune means ______.
self or same
A thin wall separating two cavities or tissue masses is called ______.
septum
The atria of the heart are separated by a thin muscle wall called the interatrial ______.
septum
What hormone is considered the feel-good hormone?
serotonin
__ is the fluid remaining after removal of blood cells and the formation of a clot.
serum
plasma without clotting factors
serum
when blood clots and the solid clot is removed, what remains?
serum. a clear, yellowish fluid that contains all the blood proteins not used in clotting and the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, and hormones are carried into the blood.
The hair _______ is the part of the hair that projects above the skin.
shaft
diaphysis epiphysis periosteum medulla
shaft end of bone tough connective tissue sheath hollow cylinder inside the diaphysis
The herpes zoster virus produces painful vesicles and is also known as
shingles
herpes zoster
shingles
Two common symptoms of anemia are ______.
shortness of breath and fatigue
A genetic form of anemia that causes abnormal hemoglobin and deformed, sickle-shaped RBCs is ______.
sickle cell anemia
A(n) _____ is physical evidence of a disease process.
sign
What are the different types of muscle strains?
simple stretch partial tear complete tear
A cavity or hollow space in the bone or other tissue is called a(n) ______.
sinus
three types of muscle
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
comedo, papule, vesicle
skin eruptions
The most common pathogenic fungi usually cause ______.
skin infections
structures of the axial skeleton.
skull, spinal column, rib cage
A(n) ____ examination focuses the height and width of a beam of light to give a stereoscopic view of the interior structures of the eyeball.
slit-lamp
thymus
small organ of the immune system located in the center of the upper chest, has both endocrine and lymphatic functions. T lymphocytes develop and mature in the thymus and is released into the bloodstream. the thymus is largest in infancy and reaches its maximum size at puberty. it then shrinks and is eventually replaced by fibrous and fatty adipose tissue.
vesicle
small sac containing liquid
Which definition describes a lymphocyte?
small white blood cell with a large nucleus
which disease has been virtually eliminated worldwide by the use of a vaccination
smallpox
The root word ulcer means ____.
sore
cadavers, skin banks, homografts
sources of a skin graft
How is blood pressure measured?
sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
A(n) ______ is a device for measuring the volume of air that patients move in and out of their respiratory system.
spirometer
An instrument used to measure respiratory volumes is called ______.
spirometer
macule
spot
Injury or tearing of a ligament is called a(n)
sprain
Matter that is coughed up and spat out by individuals with respiratory disorders is called ______.
sputum
The term for three-dimensional vision is
stereopsis
three-dimensional vision
stereopsis
vaccine vaccinate vaccination
stimulates active immunity administer a vaccine Noun; administration of a vacci
When there is a muscle imbalance in one eye, the alignment breaks down and _______ results
strabismus
a muscle _______ is an injury caused by overstretching or overexerting a muscle. There are varying degrees, from mild with minimal tearing to complete rupture of the muscle.
strain
The hypodermis is also correctly called the _____ layer of the integument.
subcutaneous
hypodermic
subcutaneous
adipose tissue
subcutaneous fat
a ____________ complaint by a patient about his illness is an example of a symptom.
subjective
All three types of skin cancer share one common cause: excess exposure to
sunlight
The gliding joint between the humerus and the radius bone of the forearm allows for pronation and ______.
supination
the skeletal system provides
support, protection, blood formation, mineral storage and balance, detoxification, endocrine regulation
Congenital or infantile esotropia requires ____ to correct.
surgery
mammoplasty, abdominoplasty, blephaoplasty
surgical repairs
The term that is both a verb, meaning to stitch the edges of a wound together, and a noun, referring to that stitch, is
suture
your left ventricle pumps blood to all parts of the body (except lungs) through
system circulation
The top number on a blood pressure reading is?
systolic pressure
lymphatic tissues are composed of
t lymphocytes - (t cells) the t stands for thymus, which is where the cells develop and mature. t lymphocytes make up 75% to 85% of body lymphocytes b lymphocytes - (b cells) these cells mature in bone marrow. b lymphocytes make up 15% to 25% of body lymphocytes. they respond to a specific antigen and become plasma cells to produce antibodies (immunoglobulins)
rapid breathing
tachypnea
arthrography
taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint
The fat in the hypodermis cushions and protects vital organs and helps regulate body
temperature
Inflammation of a tendon is called ______.
tendinitis
Tendinitis is inflammation of a(n) _____.
tendon
What attaches to a bone's periosteum at the origin and insertion of the muscle?
tendons
Severe muscle twitches; cramps, and spasms is known as ______.
tetany
Normal flora are microorganisms ______
that live in or on our bodies and do not harm us
immunity
the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.
blood specimen in a tube
the cells of the blood separate out and fill out and fill the bottom 45% of the tube. 90% of these cells are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets make up the remainder of the sample.
hemostasis
the control of bleeding, is a vital issue in maintaining homeostasis, the state of the body's equilibrium. uncontrolled bleeding can offset the body's balance by decreasing blood volume and lowering blood pressure.
pancytopenia
the erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes,
Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of ______.
the lymphatic system
atherosclerosis
the most common form of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and it can lead to atherosclerotic heart disease.
Von Willebrand Disease
the most common hereditary bleeding disorder - it is a protein deficiency of the factor VIII complex that is different from the factor deficiency involved in hemophilia
On the palmar surface, the prominent pad of muscle near the thumb is the ________ eminence. The pad of muscle near the fifth finger is the _________ eminence
thenar hypothenar
A(n) ____ is a specialist who performs _____ procedures to restore patient function.
therapist; therapeutic
What is the term for systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder?
therapy
what do the deltoid, brachialis, and latissimis dorsi have in common
they're all muscles
intraventricular septum
thick wall that separates the right and left ventricles.
interatrial septum
thin muscle wall that separates the right and left atria
During expiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax so that the ______ cavity springs back to its original size.
thoracic
All lymph vessels move towards
thoracic cavity
another term for platelet
thrombocyte
Another term for platelets is ______.
thrombocytes
A deficiency of platelets in the blood is called ______.
thrombocytopenia
A piece of detached blood clot (embolus) blocking a distant blood vessel is termed a(n) ______.
thromboembolism
Inflammation of a vein with clot formation is termed ______.
thrombophlebitis
latin term for clot
thrombus
The thenar eminence is the prominent pad of muscle near the
thumb
A gland in the mediastinum that has immune and endocrine functions is the ______.
thymus
T lymphocytes mature in the ______.
thymus
The "T" in the term T cell or T lymphocyte stands for ______, the organ where these cells mature.
thymus
The ______ gland lies just beneath the skin of the neck and below the Adam's apple.
thyroid
The ______ is an endocrine gland in the neck; or a cartilage of the larynx.
thyroid
Latin for large shinbone
tibia
bones of the lower leg
tibia and fibula
adenoids
tissues on the posterior wall of the upper pharynx and naso pharynx
function of the auricle (pinna)
to direct sound waves into the auditory canal.
the most immediate need in the treatment of MI is
to get blood and oxygen to the affect myocardium
where is a majority of the hearts mass?
to the left of the sternum.
The nasolacrimal gland carries tears from the eyes __.
to the nose
The tension present in a muscle is called
tone
the __________ of your skeletal muscles holds you straight when sitting, standing, or moving.
tone
An instrument that measures intraocular pressure is a(n) _____.
tonometer
A test to determine if a person is developing glaucoma is
tonometry
A mass of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat at the back of the tongue is called a(n) ______.
tonsil
Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy is sometimes performed to treat ______.
tonsillitis
Patches of lymphatic tissue near the opening of the oropharynx are the ______.
tonsils
leukocytosis
total WBC count exceeds 10,000 per cubic millimeter.
a lipid profile helps determine the risk of CAD and comprises
total cholesterol high density lipoprotein (HDL) good cholesterol low density lipopritein (LDL) bad cholesterol triglycerides
The rigid tube that descends from the larynx is called the _____.
trachea
What is another name for the windpipe?
trachea
What is the name of the air tube from the larynx to the bronchi?
trachea
the flow of inhaled hair moves into your
trachea
The ______ tree is an upside-down tree-like structure that conducts air in the chest.
tracheobronchial
Insertion of a tube into the windpipe to assist breathing is termed ______.
tracheostomy
sleep technologists
trained in sleep technology and sleep medicine. These technologists assist sleep specialists in the assessment, monitoring, management, and follow-up care of patients with sleep disorders
What is the term for medication application that are administered through the skin by an adhesive transdermal patch applied to the skin?
transdermal
Function of RBCs (erythrocytes)
transport oxygen transport carbon monoxide transport nitric oxide
A cause of pain in the SI joint is ______, when tearing of the joint ligaments allows to much motion.
trauma
Four valves of the heart
tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral (bicuspid), aortic
Antigens are a substance that can ______.
trigger an immune response in the body
A highly sensitive indicator of a recent myocardial infarction is ______.
troponin I
Infectious disease that can infect any organ or tissue is ______.
tuberculosis
abdominoplasty blepharoplasty dermabrasion liposuction mammoplasty rhinoplasty
tummy tuck the correction of defects in the eyelids the removal of upper layers of skin using a high-powered rotating brush the surgical removal of fatty tissue using suction the surgical procedure to alter the size or shape of the breast the surgical procedure to alter the size or shape of the nose
tonsilis
two masses of lymphatic tissue located at the upper part of the throat that entrap inhaled and ingested pathogens.
ear drum
tympanic membrane
electrocardiography
ultrasound waves to study cardiac function
Melanin determines the color of your skin and protects it from ___________ light damage
ultraviolet or UV
fibrillation
uncontrolled quivering or twitching of the heart muscle
Where are keloids (shiny scars) mostly found?
upper body earlobes
location of spleen
upper left quadrant of the abdomen, below diaphragm and lateral to the kidney.
the pectoral girdle connects the axial skeletal to the
upper limbs
common cold
upper respiratory infection. it is contagious and easily transmitted in air born droplets through coughing and sneezing.
cyrosurgery
use of liquid nitrogen or argon gas in a probe to freeze and kill abnormal tissue
coronary angiogram
uses a contract dye injected during catherterization to identify coronary artery blockages
The middle coat of the eye that includes the choroid, ciliary body, and iris is the _____.
uvea
Inflammation of the uvea
uveitis
A health professional who assists physicians by performing diagnostic and monitoring procedures of the cardiovascular system using ultrasound is a ______ technologist.
vascular
Deoxygenated blood flows from the cells to the heart via the ______.
veins
Radiograph of veins after injection of radioopaque contrast material.
venogram
respiration has two components
ventilation - movement of air and its gases into (inspiration) and out (expiration) out of the lungs. the exchange of gases between air and blood, and between blood and interstitial fluids
A term that means chamber of the heart (pumps blood) or a cavity in the brain (produces cerebrospinal fluid) is ______.
ventricle
One of the bones of the spinal column is known as ______.
vertebra
latin for Spinal Joint
vertebra
______ diseases cannot be successfully treated with antibiotics.
viral
Chickenpox and mumps are caused by ______.
viruses
A term that means sharpness and clearness of vision is _____.
visual acuity
What type of skin disorders is laser therapy used for?
vitiligo warts birthmarks
Movement of air across the ___________ cords makes voice and sound possible.
vocal
Skeletal and cardiac muscle both have striations. However, skeletal muscle is under ____ control, and cardiac muscle is not.
voluntary
verruca
wart
cardiogenic shock
when heart fails to pump blood effectively though the body's organs and tissues
diviated nasal septum
when the partition between the two nostrils is pushed to one side, leading to partially obstructed airway in one nostril. treatment is surgery.
diastolic
when the ventricles are relaxed
Voluntary muscle is a muscle that is under the control of
will
tinea
worm
The term lutea is Latin for
yellow
how does the conduction system work?
(1) right atrium's SA (sinoatrial node) initiates heartbeat, pacemaker of the heart (2) electrical signals from the SA node spread out through atria and rejoin at the AV (atrioventricular node). The AV is the electrical gateway to the ventricles (3) electrical signals leave AV node and travels to the ventricular myocardium where they stimulate the ventricular myocardium to contract, creating your heartbeat.
atrial fibrillation
(A-fib) occurs when the two atria quiver rather than contract correctly to pump blood. this causes blood pool and atria and blood clot.
ventrical tachycardia
(V-tach) rapid heart beat that begins in the ventricals
platelets
(also called thrombocytes) play a key role in hemostasis. they are minute fragments of large bone marrow cells and consists of a small amount of granular cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane. they have no nucleus
function of tears
-cleanse and lubricate eye surface -deliver oxygen and nutrients to conjunctiva -prevent infection by means of a bactericidal lysozyme
three functions of the circulatory system
1. Transport 2. Regulate homeostasis 3. blood pressure regulation
Functions of the lymphatic system
1. absorb excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream. 2. remove foreign cIMAGEhemicals, cells, and debris from the tissues. 3. absorb dietary lipids from the small intestines.
seven ways to treat MI
1. injection of blood bursting drugs 2. artery cleaning angioplasty 3. stent placement 4. cardio version and defibrillation 5. radio frequency ablation 6. coronary artery bypass graft 7. heart transplant
three components of the lymphatic system
1. lymphatic vessels 2. lymph 3. lymph nodes
major roles of the larynx
1. maintaining an opening passage for the movement of air and from the trachea. 2. producing sounds through the vocal cords
functions of the spleen
1. phagocytose (consume) bacteria and other foreign materials. 2. initiate an immune response when antigens are found in the blood. 3. phagocytose old, defective erythrocytes and platelets. 4. serve as a reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets.
Fractures of the elbow account for ______ percent of all fractures in children.
10%
A resting adult breathes ______ to ______ times per minute.
10; 15
normal blood pressure
120/80 mmHg
high blood pressure
140/90 mmHg or higher
How many articulations does the elbow joint have?
2
How many components does the pituitary gland have?
2
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
Type ______ diabetes leads to other common disorders like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease.
2
How many regions is the pharynx divided into?
3 regions
How many bones form the hinged joint in the knee?
4
Most people have ______ parathyroid glands.
4
a normal cubic millimeter of blood contains how many white blood cells.
5,000 to 10,000
closed open displaced complete incomplete
A bone is broken, but the skin is not broken. A fragment of the fractured bone breaks the skin, or a wound extends to the site of the fracture. The fractured bone parts are out of line. A bone is broken into at least two fragments. The fracture does not extend completely across the bone.
leukemia leukemic leukopenia
A cancer of the blood-forming tissue Pertaining to WBCs; indicative of leukemia A deficiency of WBCs
What is true regarding an autologous transfusion of blood?
A patient donates his own blood prior to surgery It can restore the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood following blood loss.
What is the difference between a muscle strain and a muscle sprain?
A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament; a strain is a stretch in the muscle or tendon.
The two most important blood groups, based on antigens on the surface of red blood cells, are the ______.
ABO and Rh groups
Dysrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythm
arrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythm
An autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids is known as ______.
Addison disease
What gland is anchored like a cap on the upper pole of each kidney?
Adrenal
______ is a hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormone.
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormone.
Adrenocorticotropic
eosinophil lymphocytes monocytes
Allergic reactions Infectious mononucleosis Tuberculosis
type 1 diabetes type 2 diabetes latent autoimmune diabetes gestational diabetes mature-onset diabetes of the young
Also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Also called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Occurs in adults who have the same autoantibodies as type 1 diabetes, but there is no need for insulin treatment in the first 6 months after diagnosis Occurs during pregnancy and in most cases resolves after pregnancy Genetically linked form of diabetes usually found in in people under 55 years of age
What do bronchioles divide into that are thin-walled sacs?
Alveoli
How does immunization work?
An inactivated antigen is introduced into the body to stimulate the immune system.
parasite
An organism that feeds on a living host
______ shock is a life-threatening emergency.
Anaphylactic
When a bacterial infection is present, what type of medication is prescribed?
Antibiotic
Which of the following would prevent a blood clot from forming?
Anticoagulant
What is the name of the procedure in which aspiration of the knee joint fluid is performed?
Arthrocentesis
total replacement of the knee joint
Arthroplasty
Which of the following statements about hair are correct?
As hair grows, newer cells push the older ones upward. Each hair grows in a separate follicle. Apocrine sweat glands open into hair follicles.
What is known in the conduction system of the heart as the electrical gateway to the ventricles?
Atrioventricular node
systemic lupus erythematosus rosacea scleroderma
Autoimmune disease with a characteristic butterfly rash and other skin lesions; it also attacks multiple internal organs Produces a similar rash on the face as systemic lupus erythematosus but produces no systemic complications Autoimmune disease characterized by hardening and shrinking of the skin, joint stiffness, and pain; vital organs also undergo a similar process
What is the disorder of the femoral head with death of bone tissue when blood supply is cut off, usually as a result of trauma?
Avascular necrosis
Creatine kinase levels can be measured using which diagnostic technique?
Blood test
What causes aging skin to bruise more easily?
Blood vessels in the dermis become fragile
What is the name of the two main branches that serve as the airways going to the right and left lungs?
Bronchi
How are bones of the skeletal system classified?
By their shape long, short, flat, irregular
What is the term for spongy bone that is formed from osteoblasts in the healing process of a fracture?
Cancellous
leukemia
Cancer of blood-forming tissues; causes overproduction of nonfunctional WBC precursors
Blood flows from the arterioles into what?
Capillaries
infectious mononucleosis
Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; transmitted by exchange of saliva
Select the procedures used as part of the therapeutic procedure of chest physiotherapy.
Chest tapping Postural drainage therapy
What is a progressive lower respiratory tract disease known as COPD?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Which of the following does NOT normally occur with asthma? Circulatory shock Coughing Wheezing Bronchospasm
Circulatory shock
______ is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland.
Hashimoto disease
What is the name of the small canals that the blood vessels travel through in the bones?
Haversian
myocardial infarction
Heart attack; Death of cardiac muscle due to ischemia.
What are the nodes that form as small bony spurs due to osteoarthritis?
Heberden
Which of the following are physicians? Hematologist Phlebotomist Clinical laboratory technician Immunologist Allergist
Hematologist Immunologist Allergist
Which statements are correct regarding erythrocyte function? Erythrocytes transport nitric oxide to the lungs for excretion. Hemoglobin can bind to oxygen and carbon dioxide in erythrocytes. Nitric oxide causes smooth muscle to contract. Erythrocytes transport carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the lungs
Hemoglobin can bind to oxygen and carbon dioxide in erythrocytes. Erythrocytes transport carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the lungs.
Which type of anemia is the result of the destruction of RBCs?
Hemolytic anemia
When shoulder subluxation occurs, the ball of what bone partially slips out of position in the socket and then moves back in?
Humerus
Which of the following statements are true regarding immunity?
Humoral immunity is an indirect attack using immunoglobulins to identify antigen. Cellular and humoral immunity can both be deployed against the same antigen. T cells, B cells, and macrophages are involved in cellular immunity. Plasma cells, which are mature B lymphocytes, produce immunoglobulins.
What is the most common cause of foot ulcers and gangrene of the lower extremities, sometimes requiring amputation?
Hyperglycemia
Select symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Hypertension Tachycardia Sweating Weight loss
What condition is present when blood glucose is below 70 mg/dL?
Hypoglycemia
What gland of the endocrine system is located in the brain just above the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
Tenosynovitis differs from tendinitis in what way?
In tenosynovitis, the tendon and its synovial sheath are inflamed.
where is the heart located?
In the thoracic cavity, between the lungs in the area called mediastinum
carpal tunnel syndrome ganglion cysts stenosing tenosynovitis
Inflammation of flexor tendons in the carpal tunnel due to overuse; causes loss of thumb strength Fluid-filled cysts on the dorsum of the wrist Painful inflammation of the tendon sheaths on the back of the wrist
What are small particles of solid matter that float through the air and enter our bodies as we breathe?
Inorganic chemicals Pollutants Organic chemicals
statements regarding the integumentary system.
Integument is a complete medical term and the root of the term integumentary. It is an organ system that covers the body. It includes the skin, the largest organ in the body, and accessory structures, such as hair, nails, and glands.
What guards the nares to prevent large particles from entering the body?
Internal hairs
cardiac smooth skeletal
Involuntary, striated muscle tissue found only within the walls of the heart Involuntary, nonstriated muscle tissue found within the walls of the uterus and digestive tract organs Voluntary, striated muscle tissue attached to bones
Which of the following statements are true regarding aplastic anemia?
It can be caused by exposure to radiation It can be caused by exposure to benzene
______ is excessive ketones in the blood, making it acidic.
Ketoacidosis
Hypothyroidism, in most cases, can be treated with a constant daily dose of ______.
LT4
What is the articular cartilage that forms a rim around the hip joint socket, cushioning the joint and helping to keep the femoral head in place in the socket?
Labrum
Which of the four chambers of the heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through systemic circulation?
Left ventricle
nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx
Located at the back of the nose and above the soft palate and uvula Located at the back of the mouth, below the soft palate and above the epiglottis Located below the tip of the epiglottis
osteoporosis osteopenia osteomyelitis osteomalacia achondroplasia osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
Loss of bone density Low bone density Inflammation of bone and bone marrow Softening of the bone Condition where the long bones stop growing in childhood but the axial skeletal bones are not affected Rare genetic disorder producing very brittle bones
Which immune system cells in the lymph nodes ingest, break down, and display fragments of foreign material to T cells?
Macrophages
Identify the cells that participate in cellular immunity.
Macrophages B cells T cells
Which of the following diagnostic test can produce detailed images of the heart and identify sections of cardiac muscle that are not receiving an adequate blood supply?
Magnetic resonance imaging
In an MRI test, what are used that are linked to a computer to create detailed pictures of body parts without using X-rays?
Magnets
cardiologists cardiovascular surgeons cardiovascular technologists cardiac sonographers perfusionists
Medical doctors who specialize in disorders of the cardiovascular system Surgeons who specialize in surgery of the heart and the peripheral blood vessels Assist physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders Technologists who use ultrasound to observe the heart chambers, valves, and blood vessels Highly trained health care professionals who use the heart-lung machine during cardiac and other surgeries that require cardiopulmonary bypass
______ injuries result from a twist to the knee.
Meniscus
What are the five bones closest to the fingers located in the palm?
Metacarpals
Streptococcus Staphylococcus C. diff Pneumococcus MRSA
Microbe that causes sore throats Microbe that causes sore throats Normally found on the skinNormally found on the skin Infectious microbe that causes severe diarrheaInfectious microbe that causes severe diarrhea Microbe that causes pneumoniaMicrobe that causes pneumonia Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a highly resistant bacterial infectionMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a highly resistant bacterial infection
______ is characterized by the presence of specific, diagnostic mononuclear leukocytes.
Mononucleosis
transporting wastes transporting hormones clotting transporting nutrients
Moving creatinine and urea from the cells to the kidneys for excretion. Moving insulin from the pancreas to the tissues that require it. Preventing blood loss and initiating vessel repair. Moving glucose absorbed from the intestines to the tissues that need it.
sensation excretion and secretion social functions
Nerve endings in the skin detect and transmit signals for touch, pressure, heat, cold, and injury. Water and waste products are lost through the skin via the sweat glands. Blushing and facial expressions are examples.
In addition to fat, the hypodermis contains which of the following?
Nerves Blood vessels
Select the structures that are found in the dermis.
Nerves Sebaceous glands Blood vessels Collagen fibers Sweat glands
symptoms of lymphoma
Night sweats Fatigue Weight loss Fever
What is the abbreviation for oxytocin?
OT
Identify all the members of the PM&R team.
Occupational therapist Social worker Physical therapist Physiatrist
ventricular fibrillation
Occurs when the ventricles lose control, quivering instead of pumping
What is the bony prominence of the elbow that can easily be fractured by a direct blow to the elbow or by a fall on a bent elbow?
Olecranon
______ of blood is/are smeared on a slide for a blood smear.
One drop
What types of foods can be taken in the event of hypoglycemia?
Orange Apple Grape juice
What type of surgeons are medical doctors (MDs) who deal with the prevention and correction of injuries of the skeletal system and associated muscles, joints, and ligaments?
Orthopedic
What type of therapy is used in hypoxemia and can be given by nasal cannulae, mask, or intubation?
Oxygen
Where does the heartbeat initiate in the electrical conduction of the heart?
Pacemaker of heart Sinoatrial (SA) node
What are benign tumors of the larynx?
Papillomas Polyps
______ are endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland.
Parathyroid
What is the name for a technician who assists physicians by drawing patient blood samples for laboratory testing?
Phlebotomist
What is the double-layered serous membrane that covers the surface of both lungs?
Pleura
What is the health care specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot and toenails?
Podiatry
corticosteroids
Prednisone Cortisone
______ is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk.
Prolactin
Which of the following are pituitary therapeutic procedures?
Proton beam therapy Radiation therapy
functions of the pelvic girdle.
Provides attachments for the lower limbs Supports the axial skeleton Transmits the upper body's weight to the lower limbs Protects the internal reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and distal segment of the large intestine
What is the bone that joins with the three hip bones to form the lower part of the pelvic cavity?
Pubis
What is the term for surgical removal of lung tissue?
Pulmonary resection
registered respiratory therapist
RRT assist physicians in evaluating, treating and caring for patients who have respiration disorders. RT technicians
What is the bone on the thumb side in the forearm that articulates with the carpal bones of the wrist?
Radius
premature ventricular contraction
Results when extra impulses arise from a ventricle
____ are a topical pharmacologic agent used under strict supervision of a physician in the treatment of acne, sun spots, and psoriasis.
Retinoids
______ is a degenerative disease of the retina.
Retinopathy
Select the interventions performed by occupational therapists in the rehabilitation setting.
Retrain patients in ADLs and IADLs Fabricate and train patients in use of adaptive equipment
If a person's RBCs have the Rhesus factor, their blood is ______.
Rh positive
Destruction of muscle to produce myoglobin
Rhabdomyolysis
The RBC antigen that was first discovered in a certain species of monkey is ______.
Rhesus factor
What type of arthritis causes destruction of joint surfaces, joint capsules, and ligaments, which leads to noticeable deformity and joint instability?
Rheumatoid
In relation to the pelvic girdle, what does the abbreviation SI stand for?
Sacroiliac
Select two conditions involving the sebaceous glands.
Seborrheic dermatitis Acne
______ is a neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous systems.
Serotonin
Identify all the activities that are IADLs (instrumental activities of daily living), which are not the same as ADLs (activities of daily living).
Shopping for groceries Cooking Using a telephone Driving
Which of the following are most likely to cause RBCs to agglutinate? Pernicious anemia Oxygen anemia Iron-deficiency anemia Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease
An autoimmune disorder that causes dysfunction of the lacrimal glands and dry eyes is ______.
Sjogren's syndrome
Which of the following statements is correct regarding disorders of the shoulder girdle?
Small rotator cuff tears can heal without surgery. Complete (full thickness) tears require surgical repair. Rotator cuff tendinitis can involve the biceps tendon. Rotator cuff tears can be partial or complete. Shoulder tendinitis, bursitis, and even rotator cuff tears can be caused by overuse.
For distant vision exam, patients look at a(n) _____ letter chart 20 feet away and vision is recorded as the smallest line in which the patient can read half of the letters.
Snellen
______ is a hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of body tissues.
Somatotrophin
What is the instrument(s) used to measure blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer Stethoscope
The most common bacteria to invade the skin is
Staphylococcus aureus
______ are a large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components.
Steroids
______ is a drug that can dissolve clots after they have formed.
Streptokinase
lymphadenitis lymphadenopathy lymphadenectomy
Swollen lymph nodes that are tender to the touch Any condition of enlarged lymph nodes Surgical removal of lymph nodes
Two types of lymphocytes
T cells - differentiate into plasma cells, which are stimulated by bacteria or toxins, to produce antibodies or immunoglobulins T cells - attach directly to foreign antigen-bearing cells like bacteria, which they kill with toxins they secrete
What can happen in the patella tendon when overused during activities, resulting in inflammation?
Tendonitis
immune immun- -ity -logy -logist -ization
Term that means protected from Root that means protected from Suffix that means condition Suffix that means the study of Suffix that means one who studies or specialist Suffix that means process of inserting or creating
What is the name for the male gonads of the endocrine system?
Testes
discrimination specificity memory
The ability to distinguish self antigens from foreign antigens The immune system recognizes specific antigens, marks them, and mounts an attack Upon a second exposure to a pathogen encountered in the past, the immune response is more rapid
What do hemophilia and von Willebrand disease have in common?
The are both genetic disorders
comminuted transverse impacted spiral oblique
The bone breaks into several pieces. The fracture is at a right angle to the long axis of the bone. The fracture consists of one bone fragment driven into another, resulting in a shortening of a limb. The fracture spirals around the long axis of the bone. The fracture runs diagonally across the long axis of the bone.
support protection blood formation mineral storage and balance detoxification endocrine regulation
The bones of your vertebral column, pelvis, and legs hold up your body. The jawbone supports your teeth. The skull protects your brain. The vertebral column protects your spinal cord. The rib cage protects your heart and lungs. Bone marrow in many bones is the major producer of blood cells, including of those in your immune system. The skeletal system stores calcium and phosphorus and releases them when your body needs them for other purposes. Bones remove metals like lead and radium from your blood, store them, and slowly release them for excretion. Bone cells release a hormone called osteocalcin, which increases insulin secretion and reduces stores of fat.
Which of the following is one location that lacks lymphatic vessels?
The central nervous system
correct statements regarding skeletal muscle origins and insertions.
The insertion of a muscle is the bone that moves during muscle contraction. A skeletal muscle can have more than one origin. A skeletal muscle can have more than one insertion
Select the correct statements about the abduct and adduct.
The prefixes ab- and ad- have opposite meanings. Adductor muscles are found on the inner surface of the thigh. Abductors move limbs away from the midline of the body. Adductors move a body part toward midline
Select the correct statements about vitamins. Large quantities are needed for cell function. Reason: Only small amounts are needed. The root vita- means life. They are essential for normal cell function. They are inorganic substances.
The root vita- means life. They are essential for normal cell function
Which statement is correct about the structure of erythrocytes? Their shape promotes more rapid diffusion of gases. Their size promotes slower diffusion of gases. Their size promotes more rapid diffusion of gases. Their shape promotes slower diffusion of gases
Their shape promotes more rapid diffusion of gases.
functions of the eyelids?
They close to keep out visual stimuli. They keep foreign objects from entering the eye. They move tears across the surface of the eye.
congenital lesions.
They often resolve within the first few years after birth. Mongolian spots are blue-grey, benign, flat, and found on the lower back of blacks, Native Americans, and Latin Americans
What diagnostic procedure is used to obtain an open biopsy of tissue from the lung, hilum, pleura, or mediastinum?
Thoracotomy
What type of drug is injected within 3.5 hours of an MI to dissolve a thrombus?
Thrombolytic
What gland secretes a group of hormones that stimulate the production of T lymphocytes?
Thymus
What gland of the endocrine system is shaped like a bow tie and measures about 2 inches wide?
Thyroid
______ is the surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
Thyroidectomy
______ is the thyroid hormone T4.
Thyroxine
diet and exercise patient education plasma glucose monitoring assessment of the patient periodic laboratory evaluation glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1c)
To achieve weight reduction of 2 pounds per week in overweight type 2 DM patients Necessary so that the patient understands the disease process, can recognize the indications for seeking immediate medical care, and will follow a foot care regimen Home glucose analyzers use a drop of blood obtained from the fingertip or forearm by a spring-powered lancet Should be performed at routine physician visits for symptoms or signs of complications Includes BUN and serum creatinine, lipid profile, ECG, and an annual complete opthalmologic evaluation Used to monitor plasma glucose control during the preceding 1 to 3 months
Tonometry is the measurement of ______ pressure
Tonometry is the measurement of
______ is removal of all thyroid tissue.
Total thyroidectomy
What function of the circulatory system takes waste products and carbon dioxide back from the cells into the system and carries it to the lungs, liver, and kidneys for excretion?
Transportation
various ways in which hemolysis can occur.
Trauma to RBCs by hemodialysis machines Drug overdoses Being bitten by poisonous snakes or spiders
What type of protein complex in muscle is released into the blood during a muscle injury?
Troponin
Which of the following transfusions are mismatched and could cause agglutination to occur? Type B recipient receiving type O blood Type O recipient receiving type A blood Type A recipient receiving type O blood Type AB recipient receiving type B blood
Type O recipient receiving type A blood
what is true regarding type O blood?
Type O red blood cells have no antigen on their surface. Type O blood has anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. Type O is the universal donor.
______ microorganisms that can be pathogenic are called bacteria.
Unicellular
leukopenia
WBC count below 5,000; occurs in some viral infections
Select the symptoms of hypothyroidism.
Weight gain Puffy face Hair loss
movement posture body heat respiration communication
When muscles contract, they pull on bones to which they are attached Partial contraction of muscles in the abdomen and back maintain tone that keeps the trunk erect Muscle contraction generates body heat Muscles in the chest wall move the ribs to facilitate breathing Facial muscles permit nonverbal communication; other muscles enable us to speak, write, and gesture
An embolus is ______.
a detached piece of a clot
croup
a group of viral diseases causing inflammation and obstruction of the upper airway.
shock
a life-threatening condition in which the heart is not delivering an adequate supply of blood to the body
each RBC is a disk with edges that are thicker than and raised above the flattened center. this biconcave surface area enables...
a more rapid flow of gases into and out of the disk
Mature RBCs do not have....
a nucleus
electrocardiogram
a paper record of the electrical activity of the heart
The blood of an Rh-negative female can produce anti-Rh antibodies if ______.
a pregnant Rh-negative female carries a Rh-positive fetus
The goal of physiatry is to develop
a treatment plan that addresses a patient's medical, social, emotional, and vocational needs. a multidisciplinary approach to get patients back to their premorbid functional level. a comprehensive treatment plan.
Broad spectrum antibiotics target ______.
a wide range of bacteria
laceration
a year or jagged wound of the skin
A hordeolum is a type of _______ in the eyelash follicle.
abscess
The act of adjusting something to make it fit the needs; in this case the lens of the eye adjusts itself is called
accommodation
Enlargement of head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone after growth plates have closed is known as ______.
acromegaly
if something is _______ , it is causing action or change.
active
Generally speaking, to accommodate is to
adapt to meet a need.
Movement of a body part toward midline is called
adduction
The surgical removal of the adenoid tissue is called ______.
adenoidectomy
The endocrine gland that is located on the upper pole of each kidney is called the ______ gland.
adrenal
allergic rhinitis
affects 15%-20% of the population. the mucus membranes of the nose, pharynx, and sinuses swell and product a clear, watery discharge. treatment entails defining and removing the allergy-causing agent.
Which of the following statements are correct regarding sickle cell anemia? It is caused by lack of intrinsic factor and vitamin B12 deficiency. It affects African Americans more than other groups. It causes formation of sickle-shaped RBCs that stick together and block capillaries. It is caused by inadequate iron intake.
affects African Americans more than other groups. It causes formation of sickle-shaped RBCs that stick together and block capillaries
An autoimmune reaction is an immune reaction ______.
against one's own tissues
A(n) ______ is a leukocyte that lacks specific granules in its cytoplasm.
agranulocyte
____ moves past the vocal cords causing them to vibrate to produce sound.
air
Atopic dermatitis is also known as _______ dermatitis
allergic
anaphylaxis
allergic reaction
conditions that increase WBC count beyond the normal range
allergic reactions increase eosinophils typhoid fever, malaria, and tuberculosis, increase the number of monocytes whooping couch and infectious mononucleosis increase the number of lymphocytes
atopic dermatitis
allergic skin infection
Hypersenstitivity to a particular allergen is a(n) ______.
allergy
transplant rejection
alloimmune disorder
In most people, aging causes ________, thinning of the hair, and baldness as the follicles shrink and produce thin, wispy hairs.
alopecia
What type of cells secrete the hormone glucagon?
alpha
Neutrophils
also called polymorphnuclear leukocytes , are normally 55% to 65% of the total WBC count. these cells ingest bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
chronotropic drug inotropic drug vasoconstrictor drug diuretics lipid-regulating drug
alters the heart rate alters strength of ventricular contractions contracts smooth muscles in blood vessels indirectly affecting heart by stimulating urine production lowers LDLs and/or increases HDLs
What is the terminal element of respiratory tract where gas exchange occurs?
alveolus
Incomplete development of the pathways of vision to the brain is called
amblyopia
Surgical procedures performed in an outpatient facility where an overnight stay is not required are called ________ procedures
ambulatory
Process of removing a limb, part of a limb, a breast, or other projecting part is called ______.
amputation
a graft of your own skin to repair a wound on your body
an autograft
Splenomegaly is ______.
an enlarged spleen
The compounds known as ________ ________ are altered forms of the male hormone testosterone. They are often used illegally by athletes who want a competitive advantage in their chosen sport.
anabolic steroids
An immediate severe allergic reaction is known as ______.
anaphylaxis
an immediate, severe, allergic reaction
anaphylaxis
Male sex steroids secreted at puberty by males and females are called .
androgens
What topical pharmacologic agent is used to relieve pain or itch on the skin's surface?
anesthetics
A radiograph obtained after injection of radiopaque contrast material into the blood vessels is termed ______.
angiogram
Greater detail of the vessels of the eye can be seen with fluorescein ____.
angiography
Immunosuppression in transplant recipients is due to ______.
anti-rejection drugs such as corticosteroids
A substance that has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria and other microorganisms is
antibiotic
In the blood, ______ are present in plasma.
antibodies
______ can be used as quick immunosuppressive therapy.
antibodies
immunoglobulins
antibodies that immobilize, neutralize, and prepare the specific antigen for destruction.
A protein produced in the response to an antigen is a(n) ______.
antibody
protein produced in response to an antigen
antibody
A drug that reduces the susceptibility of a blood clot formation is called a(n) .
anticoagulant
Oral ______ drugs are used for type 2 DM but not type 1 DM.
antidiabetic
An agent that decreases urine production is known as a(n) ______.
antidiuretic
In the blood, ______ are found on the surface of red blood cells.
antigens
The drug used to treat allergy symptoms is ______.
antihistamine
An agent that replaces or inhibits a specific part of a cell's metabolism is a(n)
antimetabolite
wound
any injury that irrupts the continuity of skin
What is the main trunk of the systemic arterial system of the heart?
aorta
The treatment for ______ is to remove the toxin, drug, or radiation source that is causing the inability of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
aplastic anemia
Frequent episodes of gasping for breath, followed by complete cessation of breathing that occurs during sleep, is called obstructive sleep ______.
apnea
The absence of spontaneous respiration is termed ______.
apnea
Lymphocytes
are the smallest white blood cells and comprises 25% to 35% of the total WBC count. lympocytes are produced by red bone marrow and might migrate through the bloodstream to lymphatic tissues - lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus- where they multiply
A condition when the heart rhythm is abnormal is termed ______.
arrhythmia
abnormal cardiac rhythm
arrhythmia or dysrhythmia
Blood pressure is the force blood exerts on ______ walls as it is pumped around the circulatory system by the left ventricle.
arterial
When arteries branch farther away from the heart, they become smaller, muscular vessels called ______.
arterioles
hardening of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
What term means pertaining to or affected by arteriosclerosis?
arteriosclerotic
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
Thick-walled blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart is termed a(n) ______.
artery
Inflammation of a joint or joints is ______.
arthritis
An exploratory procedure performed using an arthroscope to examine the internal compartments of the knee joint is called a diagnostic ______.
arthroscopy
Two separate bones that have formed a joint is called ______.
articulate
respiratory therapy technicians
assist physicians and RRTs in evaluating, monitoring, and treating patients with respiratory disorders
Tool, software, or hardware to assist in performing daily activities are
assistive devices.
neurogenic shock
associated with damage to the nervous system
Episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways is called ______.
asthma
The term that means pertaining to or suffering from asthma is
asthmatic
In ___, unequal curvatures of the cornea cause unequal focusing and blurred images.
astigmatism
What term describes collapse of part of a lung?
atelectasis
Surgical removal of the atheroma is termed a(n) ______.
atherectomy
tinea pedis
athlete's foot
tinea pedis tinea capitis tinea corporis tinea cruris Candida albicans
athlete's foot ringworm of the scalp ringworm of the body jock itch yeast infection
shell like external ear
auricle
The diagnostic method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope is called
auscultation
something directed at the persons own tissue
auto immune
AIDS is an example of a(n) ______ immunodeficiency disorder.
autoimmune
One characteristic that systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma have in common is that they are both ____________ diseases
autoimmune
Abnormal reactions to one's own tissues are _____
autoimmune disorders
Abnormal reactions to one's own tissues are ______.
autoimmune disorders
A patient who knows he will have surgery can donate his own blood in advance to be used for a postoperative ______ if necessary.
autologous transfusion
The term meaning without a blood supply is
avascular
no blood supply
avascular
The dorsum of the hand is
back of hand
Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming ______.
bacteria
Viruses are smaller than
bacteria
The singular form of the term bacteria is ______.
bacterium
matrix
base
Humoral defense mechanisms
based on antibodies. these are found in body fluids and bind to bacteria, toxins, and extracellular viruses, tagging them for destruction.
Cellular defense mechanisms
based on defensive cells (lymphocytes). These directly attack suspicious cells like cancer cells, transplanted tissue cells, or cells infected with viruses or parasites.
Which cells granules attract a basic blue stain in the laboratory?
basophils
Which WBC's are considered granulocytes?
basophils eosinophils neutrophils
The abbreviation BKA stands for ___ the knee amputation.
below
nasal polyps
benign growths that arising from the mucosa of the nasal cavity or sinus. these can be surgically removed
What type of cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?
beta
tricuspid pulmonary mitral aortic
between right atrium and right ventricle between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk between left atrium and left ventricle between left ventricle and aorta
Process of removing tissue from a living person for laboratory examination is known as ______.
biopsy
A Wood's light is also known as a(n) _____________ light and is used to define the borders of pigmented lesions before excision.
black
comedo
blackhead
The infection of multiple eyelash follicles, characterized by persistent redness of the eyelid's margin with crusting and ulceration, is called
blepharitis
The plastic surgery procedure to repair an eyelid that droops is
blepharoplasty
A drooping eyelid caused by excess skin is called
blepharoptosis
Sagging of the eyelid due to the presence of excess skin is ______.
blepharoptosis
Optic disc is also known as
blind spot
Cononary Circulation
blood circulation of the cardiac muscle. this system of arteries arises directly from the aorta.
transfusion
blood or packed blood cells replaces lost red blood cells to restore the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity
A(n) _____ mineral density screening test uses dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to diagnose and follow osteoporosis.
bone
What type of biopsy is the ultimate way to establish a diagnosis of osteomalacia?
bone
four components of the skeletal system
bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
basal
bottom
The opposite of tachypnea is ______.
bradypnea
The ______ is the first organ affected by hypoglycemia because its metabolism depends primarily on glucose.
brain
Chronic dilation of the bronchi following inflammatory disease and obstruction is termed ______.
bronchiectasis
Bronchi divide into ______.
bronchioles
Inflammation of the small bronchioles is called ______.
bronchiolitis
Acute inflammation of the walls of smaller bronchioles with spread to lung parenchyma is termed ______.
bronchopneumonia
Examination of the interior of the tracheobronchial tree with an endoscope is called ______.
bronchoscopy
Which are the Greek terms for windpipe?
bronchus trachea
A closed sac containing synovial fluid is called ______.
bursa
Inflammation of one of the lubricating sacs of the rotator cuff is called
bursitis
What is another name for the heel bone?
calcaneus
rhinitis
called coryza, inflammation of the nose
Hodgkin's lymphoma
cancer spreads in an orderly manner to adjoining lymph nodes
A tube inserted into a blood vessel or cavity as a channel for fluid or gas is called a(n) ______.
cannula
A minute blood vessel between the arterial and venous systems is called a(n) ______.
capillary
most common conditions leading to CHF CVSAC
cardiac ischemia valvular regurgitation severe hypertension aortic stenosis cardiomyopathy
Myocardium
cardiac muscle cells that contract and enable your heart to pump blood.
A medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of the heart is called a(n) ______.
cardiologist
enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
disease of the heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
Restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electric shock or medications is termed ______.
cardioversion
Inflammation of the tendon synovial sheaths on the back of the wrist arising from repetitive movements such as computer keyboard operations is called ______ tunnel syndrome.
carpal
Which wrist disorder causes pins and needles in the hand, weakness of the thumb side of the hand, and thenar muscle atrophy?
carpal tunnel syndrome
The small bones of the wrist are called ______.
carpals
Name a hollow tube that allows passage of fluid into or out of a body cavity, organ, or vessel.
catheter
Eitiology
cause of disease
anaphylactic shock
caused by severe allergic reaction
septic shock
caused by severe infection
A device to scar, burn, or cut a tissue is termed ______.
cautery
ear wax
cerumen
Granules are the site for ______ and enzyme production.
chemical
A type of therapeutic treatment using anticancer drugs is ______.
chemotherapy
angina pectoris
chest pain that results when the myocardium does not get enough oxygen
vascular layer behind the retina
choroid
Psoriasis
chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
The Latin term for collarbone is ______.
clavicle
The curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle is called the ______.
clavicle
plasma
clear, yellowish liquid that is 91% water - makes up the remaining 55% of the blood sample in the tube. plasma is a colloid, a liquid that contains floating particles, most of which are plasma proteins.
A mass of fibrin and cells that is produced in a wound is called a(n)
clot
An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents.
clotting
Aggulation
clumping of red blood cells
The term that means blood clotting disorder is _____.
coagulopathy
Which bacterial species is part of the normal flora of the GI tract?
coliform
Thirty percent of the protein in the body is ____, which is why collagen diseases have widespread effects throughout the body.
collagen
The Ishihara color system is used to detect red-green and other types of
color blindness
The Ishihara color system is used to detect deficits in _____.
color vision
CBC is an abbreviation that stands for ______.
complete blood count
Immunodeficiency caused by a genetic abnormality is called a(n) ______.
congenital disorder
The disorder of the heart that occurs when the heart is unable to supply enough cardiac output to meet the body's metabolic needs and the blood backs up to congest the lungs is called ______ heart failure.
congestive
"Pink eye" is the lay term for
conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the lining of the inner eyelids is
conjunctivitis
endocardium
connective tissue lining to inner part of your heart
scabies
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite
Granulocytes
contain cytoplasmic granules, made up of granules, which are sites for enzyme and chemical production
Agrenulocytes
contain no cytoplasmic granules
To cause the presence of an infection agent to be on any surface is to ____ it.
contaminate
The presence of an infectious agent on any surface is known as
contamination
The Latin term muscle is tissue consisting of cells that can
contract
Systolic
contraction
When a skeletal muscle ______, it shortens and pulls one bone closer to another, generating body movement.
contracts
A(n) ____ is muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis.
contracture
Physical therapists help recent amputees stretch the joints above the amputation to prevent __________ of the joints.
contractures, contracture, or tightening
A surface that is evenly curved outward
convex
The central, transparent part of the outer coat of the eye covering the iris and the pupil is the
cornea
A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex is called a(n) ______.
corticosteroid
Surgical procedures that alter or improve the appearance of one's face or body are called ________ procedures
cosmic
tinea capitis
cradle cap
a muscle _______ is a sudden, short, painful contraction of a muscle or group of muscles.
cramp
The congenital form of thyroid deficiency that severely retards mental and physical growth is ______.
cretinism
Infection of the upper airways in children characterized by a barking cough is termed ______.
croup
The Old English term for to cry out loud is ______.
croup
What is another term for laryngotracheobronchitis?
croup
scab
crust that forms over a wound or sore during healing
Liquid nitrogen is used in ___ which causes the affected area of skin to peel or scab.
cryotherapy
pertaining to the skin
cutaneous
The term keratomileusis refers to
cutting and shaping the cornea.
An abnormal fluid-filled sac is called a(n)
cyst
The appearance of a(n) __________ __________ in one's peripheral vision is often caused by a partial retinal detachment.
dark shadow
cadaver
dead body
treatment used to remove eschar
debridement
An agent that reduces the swelling and fluid in the nose and sinuses is termed ______.
decongestant
Neutopenia
decrease in neutrophils
An instrument used for the restoration of normal cardiac activity in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias is termed ______.
defibrillator
The lubricant of the pleural cavity enables the lungs to expand and ______ with minimal friction.
deflate
What is the large, fan-shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus?
deltoid
Inflammation that produces swollen, red, and itch skin is known as ____.
dermatitis
What is the medical specialty concerned with disorders of the skin?
dermatology
connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis
dermis
cardiac catheterization
detects blood pressure and flow patterns of the heart. a tube is inserted into a vein or artery and is then threaded into the heart under x-ray guidance
Excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate antiduretic hormone production is known as ______.
diabetes insipidus
A metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and/or ineffectiveness is ______.
diabetes mellitus
Retinopathy occurs in 50% of ________ patients
diabetic
The term that means sweat, perspiration, or sweaty is ______.
diaphoresis
The muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities is the ______.
diaphragm
What diagnostic procedure uses a finger or microscope slide pressed against a lesion to see if it blanches?
diascopy
Stretching or enlarging and opening of a structure is termed
dilation
cellular immunity
direct form of defense based on the actions of lymphocytes to attack foreign and diseased cells to destroy them.
the bodies ability to distinguish different things
discrimination
Because the shoulder joint is very unstable, it is prone to ______.
dislocation
Streptokinase is a drug that ______.
dissolve blood clots
Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system fails to ______.
distinguish self antigens from foreign antigens
Normally, maternal and fetal blood ______.
do not mix during pregnancy
Autolongous
donation and transfusion occur when people donate their own blood ahead of time to be given back to them if necessary during procedure.
pericardium
double layered connective tissue sac that surrounds and protects the heart.
rests at the inner end of the external auditory canal
eardrum
ultrasound recording of heart function
echocardiography
Excessive accumulation of fluid in cells and tissue is termed ______.
edema
The Greek term for swelling is ______.
edema
Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.
efferent lymphatic vessels
The forearm is bigger nearer the ___________ because that is where the bulk of the forearm muscles are located.
elbow
Who are often at risk for pressure ulcers because their skin is usually thin and dry?
elderly
Which of the following tests can confirm Cushing syndrome?
elevated cortisol levels in 24 hour urine suppression of cortisol production by the synthetic steroid dexamethasone elevated cortisol levels in saliva
What is the Greek term for plug or stopper?
embolus
Inflammation of the lining of the heart
endocarditis
A medical specialist in endocrinology is called a(n) ______.
endocrinologist
The term that means pertaining to being inside the trachea is ______.
endotracheal
Nasal smears check the amount of ______ in the nose.
eosinophils
three layers of the heart
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium and pericardium
When food is swallowed, the tongue pushes down the ______ to close the glottis and direct food into the esophagus behind it.
epiglottis
the spoon-shaped ___________ guards the glottis
epiglottis
Another term for nosebleed is ______.
epistaxis
medical term for nosebleed
epistaxis
Another name for hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is ______.
erythroblastosis fetalis
Anemia is a deficiency of ______.
erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood
Aplastic anemia occurs when the bone marrow cannot produce ______.
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
The term that describes normal breathing is ______.
eupnea
connects the middle ear and nasopharynx
eustachian tube
A condition in which the spleen removes blood components at a(n) ______ rate is hypersplenism.
excessive
Functions of the respiratory system
exchange of gases - Allows oxygen from the air to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to leave the blood and enter the air regulation of blood pH -Occurs by changing carbon dioxide levels in the blood protection - Protects against foreign bodies and against some microorganisms voice production - Movement of air across the vocal cords olfaction - 12 million receptor cells for smell
What is the medical term that means to pass waste products of metabolism out of the body?
excrete
cardiac stress testing
exercise tolerance test to raise your heart rate and monitor the effect on cardiac function
The term for protrusion of the eyeball is ______.
exophthalmos
the ________ eye muscles are attached to the outside of the eye.
extrinsic
The root in the term blepharoplasty means ______.
eyelid
The bones of the ______ skeleton provide a frame on which the muscles and other tissues of the face facilitate eating, facial expressions, breathing, and speech.
facial
Excess production of steroid hormones produce "moon" ______.
facies
True or false: Using anabolic steroids is a harmless way to quickly increase one's muscle mass and strength.
false
A sheet of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds a muscle is
fascia
Fibromyalgia is a muscle disorder characterized by widespread _______, chronic ________, and depression
fatigue, pain
The stringy, sticky protein that forms during the final step in blood coagulation is ______.
fibrin
The disorder that causes widespread muscle pain, chronic fatigue, and depression is
fibromyalgia.
Tendons and fascia are both made of
fibrous connective tissue.
Latin for clasp or buckle
fibula
The smaller of the two bones of the lower leg
fibula
functions of lymph nodes
filter impurities from the lymph and alert the immune system to the presence of pathogens
sunburn high voltage electrical injury scald house fire with flame contact
first-degree burn fourth-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn
Each lobe of the lung is separated from the others by ______.
fissures
A stump that is swollen or misshapen will prevent
fitting for a prosthesis.
A dye that produces a vivid green color under blue light to diagnose corneal abrasions and foreign bodies in the eye is termed
fluorescein
Restorative rehabilitation .
focuses on regaining a lost function.
Maintenance rehabilitation
focuses on slowing the loss of function
FSH LH TSH ACTH PRL GH
follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone prolactin growth hormone
The plural form of the term that means an opening through a structure is _____.
foramina
lymphatic capillaries converge to
form the larger lymphatic collecting vessels, which resemble small veins and have one way valves.
The ventral surface of a body part is on the same side as
front side the belly.
A(n) _____ examination of the retina can be used to examine the optic disc, which is where the optic nerve exits the eye.
fundoscopic
The use of an ophthalmoscope to examine the fundus of the eye and the optic nerve
fundoscopy
The part located the farthest from the opening of a hollow organ is the _____.
fundus
A fluid-filled swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon is known as a(n) .
ganglion
Iron-deficiency anemia can be caused by ______.
gastrointestinal bleeding
the upper opening into the larynx from the oropharynx is called
glottis
The final product of carbohydrate digestion and the main sugar in the blood is ______.
glucose
Benign enlargement of the thyroid gland is known as ______.
goiter
Any hormone that stimulates the gonada function is know as ______.
gonadotropin
The first tissue to form, three or four days after injury when new capillaries invade the wound, is
granulation tissue.
The class of leukocytes that contains multiple small granules in its cytoplasm is ______.
granulocytes
types of white blood cells
granulocytes and agranulocytes
Inguinal lymph nodes are located in the ______.
groin
alopecia
hair loss
Which of the following is the most important factor in preventing the spread of infection?
hand washing
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood, blood backs up to congest the lungs
When a bone is fractured, a(n) ______ is formed by the blood vessels bleeding into the fracture site.
hematoma
Which are true regarding pernicious anemia? red cell size decreases hemoglobin concentration decreases number of red cells decreases hemoglobin concentration increases red cell size increases number of red cells increases
hemoglobin concentration decreases number of red cells decreases red cell size increases
main component of RBCs
hemoglobin, which gives cells the red color. HB is composed of the iron-containing pigment heme bound to a protein called globin. the rest of the red blood cell consists of the cell membrane, water, electrolytes, and enzymes
Anemia that results from the destruction of normal and abnormal RBCs is ______.
hemolytic anemia.
A hereditary disorder called ______ is an inherited deficiency of clotting factor VIII.
hemophilia
Hemophilia
hemophilia A, is a disease males inherit from their mothers. it results from a deficiency of the coagulation factor named factor VIII.
Bloody sputum is called ______.
hemoptysis
Blood in the pleural cavity is called ______.
hemothorax
Reflex spasms of the diaphragm are called ______.
hiccups
Which of the following are symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?
high blood calcium levels kidney stones calcium depletion in bones
spleen
highly vascular and spongy organ, is the largest lymphatic organ.
What type of joint between the humerus and the ulna bone of the forearm allows flexion and extension of the elbow?
hinge
A common football-related injury is a blow to the rim of the pelvis that leads to bruising of the bone and surrounding tissues called ______ pointer.
hip
The ______ joint is a ball-and-socket mechanism formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum.
hip
Allergic reaction symptoms such as mucus hypersecretion, congestion, watery eyes, and urticaria are triggered by the release of ______ from immune system cells.
histamine
The substance released from immune cells and injured tissues that causes many allergy symptoms is ______.
histamine
wheal
hive
Urticaria is the medical term for the word ______.
hives
A concave surface is
hollowed out
The pituitary glands hormones maintain the body's ______.
homeostasis
An infected eyelash follicle is a(n) ______.
hordeolum stye
A chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the bloodstream to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ is called a(n) ______.
hormone
Excess carbon dioxide
hypercapnia
High level of glucose (sugar) in the blood is called ______.
hyperglycemia
The basic principle of diabetes treatment is to avoid ______.
hyperglycemia hypoglycemia
Excessive levels of parathyroid hormone is known as ______.
hyperparathyroidism
An exaggerated, abnormal response to an antigen is known as a(n) ______ reaction, or allergic reaction.
hypersensitivity
an allergic reaction is one of
hypersensitivity
Excessive production of thyroid hormone is known as ______.
hyperthyroidism
Exercise or weightlifting causes _____ in muscles.
hypertrophy
Growth of a tissue by cellular enlargement is called ______. Shrinkage of a tissue is known as _____.
hypertrophy; atrophy
Low level of glucose (sugar) in the blood is called ______.
hypoglycemia
Which of the following results aid in the diagnosis of Addison disease?
hyponatremia hypoglycemia hypercalcemia
An endocrine gland in the floor and wall of the third ventricle of the brain is known as ______.
hypothalamus
bones of the hip
ilium, ischium, pubis
The state of being able to resist a specific infectious disease is ______.
immunity
The varicella vaccine confers ______ from chickenpox upon those who are vaccinated with it.
immunity
A preventive method of stimulating the immune system against a specific pathogen, without exposing a person to the disease, is ______.
immunization
Administration of an agent to provide immunity is called ______.
immunization
Humoral immunity is mediated by ______.
immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Types of physicians who specialize in immune system disorders are _____.
immunologists allergists
Substance that causes failure of the immune system
immunosuppressive
earwax blocking the external canal
impacted
Nosocomial infections are acquired ______.
in a hospital
physical defense mechanisms
include your skin and mucus membranes; chemicals present in your saliva, perspiration, and tears; hairs in your nostrils; and cilia and mucus to protect your lungs.
Neutrophilia
increase in neutrophils
The process of developing an infection is called ______.
incubation
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are related to _______ living and include managing money, driving, and cooking.
independent
humoral immunity
indirect form of attack that employs antibodies produced by plasma cells, which have been developed by B-cells. the antibodies bind to an antigen and tag it to destruction.
An area of cell death resulting from a sudden blockage of an artery is termed a(n) ______.
infarct
sudden blockage of an artery
infarction
sinusitis
infection of paranasal sinuses, also following an upper respiratory infection. it can also be part of an allergic response. it can be treated with antibiotics and decongestants.
Epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis. it can cause acute airway obstruction, which requires a tube to be inserted into the windpipe. (intubation)
lymphadenitis
inflammation of the lymph nodes
laryngitis
inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx
macrophages that have developed from monocytes
ingest and destroy antigens antigen, tissue debris, bacteria, and other foreign matter (phagocytes).
The Greek term intrinsic means on the ____ side.
inner
What is the term for breathing air and its gases into the body?
inspiration
The hormone produced by the Islet cells of the pancreas is known as ______.
insulin
The medical term for the organ system that covers the body is _____. It includes the skin and accessory structures.
integument
Two substances that are incompatible will ______.
interfere with each other physiologically
The injection approach used to test for exposure to tuberculosis (TB) is
intradermal
A tonometer is used to measure
intraocular pressure.
The colored portion of the eye with the pupil in its center is the
iris
Inadequate dietary intake of iron and heavy menstrual periods can cause ______.
iron-deficiency anemia
statin
is a class of drug used to lower blood cholesterol levels.
congenital (inborn) disorders acquired immunosuppression
is often sex-linkedCaused by a genetic abnormality that is often sex-linked Results from infection with a virus the immune response caused by medication that inhibits the immune response
cardiac arrest
is the sudden cessation of cardiac activity that results from anoxia (lack of oxygen in the body's tissues). a person in cardiac arrest have no heartbeat or pulse
The term that means lack of blood supply to a tissue is ______.
ischemia
When the blood supply is cut off to tissue, such as the heart, it is called ______.
ischemia
Scattered throughout the pancreas are clusters of endocrine cells grouped around blood vessels called ______.
islets of Langerhans
The skin cancer that is common in AIDS patients is ______.
kaposi sarcoma
What is the term for a tough, scaly protein that is also the basis for your hair and nails?
keratin
Moisture is secreted by the nasal mucosa and from tears that drain into the nasal cavity through the nasal ________ duct.
lacrimal
Macrocytes are abnormally ______.
large red blood cells
Which are characteristics of monocytes?
large white blood cells cell containing a single nucleus
The thymus gland starts out ______ in children and over time ______ in size.
large; decreases
monocytes
largest blood cells and are normally 3% to 8% of the total WBC count. monocytes leave the bloodstream and become macrophages that ingest bacteria, dead neutrophilis, and dead cells in the tissues.
One of the major roles of the ______ is producing sounds through the vocal cords.
larynx
the flow of inhaled air moves from your pharynx to your
larynx
One of the major roles of the ______ is to maintain an open passage for the movement of air to and from the trachea.
larynx voice box
LASIK is a type of ______ that is used to treat myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
laser surgery
What side of the heart pumps blood through the systemic circulation?
left
bicuspid valve is located on what side of the body
left
The two eye structures that refract light
lens cornea
the lymphatic capillaries are designed to
let interstitial fluid enter so it can become a lymph
lymphatic capillaries
let interstitial fluid enter so it can become a lymph.
The term for pertaining to an abnormal drowsiness in depth or length of time is known as ______.
lethargic
An abnormally high white blood cell count is called ______.
leukocytosis
What are small, wingless, blood-sucking parasites that produce the disease pediculosis?
lice
nits
lice eggs
With a sprain it is a(n) _____ that is stretched or torn, often in the ankle, knee, or wrist.
ligament
how is the heart shaped?
like a blunt cone, pointing down to the left.
blood is a type of connective tissue that consists of cells contained in a
liquid matrix
TSH levels in the blood are ______ if the gland is overactive.
low
What are the main organs of respiration and are located in the thoracic cavity?
lungs
The small structures that receive lymph from lymphatic vessels and filter impurities from it are ______.
lymph nodes
the lymphatic network begins with
lymphatic capillaries that are closed ended tubes nestled among blood capillary networks.
lymphatic trunks merge into
lymphatic ducts- the thoracic duck on the left and the lymphatic duct on the right, which enter into the veins beneath the collarbone, the subclavian veins
dense clusters of lymphocytes and other cells
lymphatic follicles - found in tonsils and ileum
collecting vessels merge into
lymphatic trunks
Cellular defense of the body against pathogens is mediated by ______, which directly attack the foreign invaders.
lymphocytes
tonsils and adenoids form
lymphocytes and antibodies, trap bacteria and viruses, and drain them into the tonsillar lymph nodes for elimination.
The yellowish spot on the back of the retina is the
macula lutea
A disorder of the retina that results in vision loss in the center of the visual field is
macular degeneration
Varicella Zoster Virus causes chickenpox
macules - small, flat spots with different colors surrounding the skin papules - small, solid evaluations Vesicles - small sacs containing fluid
functions of blood
maintain homeostasis transports vitamins, nutrients, and minerals like glucose and amino acids transports waste products like creatinie, urea, bilirubin, and lactic acid transports hormones like insulin and thyoxine transports gases like o2 and co2 protects against foreign substances, including microorganisms and toxins forms clots
Rehabilitation to slow or prevent the loss of function is called _______________ rehabilitation
maintenance
Which of the following is a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes?
malaria
Retinoblastoma is
malignant neoplasm of primitive retinal cells.
lymphoma
malignant tumor (neoplasm) of lymph nodes and lymph tissue
clot
mass of fibrin and cells produced in a wound
The specific structure where each hair cell originates within the follicle is the .
matrix or base
skin tests blood test matches Choice, challenge test
measures the level of IgE antibodies in response to allergens injected under the skinmeasures the level of IgE antibodies in response to allergens injected under the skin measures the levels of IgE antibodies to specific allergens in the bloodmeasures the levels of IgE antibodies to specific allergens in the blood very small amounts of allergens are administered by mouth or by inhalationvery small amounts of allergens are administered by mouth or by inhalation
The area between the lungs, containing the heart, esophagus and larynx, is called the ______.
mediastinum
Lentigos appear in sun-exposed areas of aging skin because
melanocytes enlarge and the epidermis is thinner.
A hormone formed by the pineal gland is called ______.
melatonin
The hormone secreted at night by the pineal gland that helps to regulate sleep and wake cycles is called ______.
melatonin
The most common eye cancers in adults are
metastases from lung or breast cancer.
spread of disease from one part of the body to another
metastasis
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer because it does not _____ (spread to elsewhere in the body).
metastasize
What is the term that means pertaining to the character of cells that can metastasize?
metastatic
Agents that cause pupillary constriction
miotic
Spontaneous expulsion of the embryo or fetus and all structures of pregnancy before fetal viability is ______.
miscarriage
antigens
molecules that exist on the surfaces of red blood cells.
Primary or essential hypertension
most common type of hypertension, its etiology is idiopathic (unknown)
Hemophilia is a disease males inherit from their ______.
mother
Functions of skeletal muscle
movement, posture, body heat, respiration, communication
What is the medical term involving health care providers from more than one profession?
multidisciplinary
A tissue consisting of cells that can contract is _____.
muscle
pharynx
muscular funnel that receives air from the nasal cavity, and food and drink from the oral cavity.
An agent that dilates the pupil is a(n) ___________ substance
mydriatic
A person who cannot see distant objects suffers from
myopia
If your eyeball is too long, you suffer from
myopia or nearsighted
The term for severe hypothyroidism is ______.
myxedema
The term form nonpitting, waxy edema of the skin in hypothyroidism is ______.
myxedema
When air in breathed in through the nose, the air goes through the ___________ into the nasal cavity.
nares
The term stenosis means
narrowing of a passage.
The passage from the lacrimal sac to the nose is the ____ duct.
nasolacrimal
Three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx - located at the back of the nose and above the soft palate and uvula. only air moves through this region oropharynx - located at the back of the mouth, and below the soft palate and above the epiglottis. air food and drink all pass through this region. laryngopharynx - located below the tip pf the epiglottis. it is the pathway to the esophagus. only food and drink pass through this
For ___ vision exam, the patient reads a standard Jaeger reading card at a distance of 14 inches.
near
A device used to deliver liquid medicine in a fine mist is called a(n) ______.
nebulizer
Where are lymph nodes concentrated?
neck, axilla, groin
Pathologic death of cells or tissue
necrosis
greek for death
necrosis
A person who is Rh-______ lacks the Rh antigen on their RBCs.
negative
A new tumor, whether it is benign or malignant, is called a(n) ______.
neoplasm
The term for any disease of the kidney is ______.
nephropathy
Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are ______ (in the nerve and muscle) in nature.
neuromuscular
Diabetic ______ causes sensory defects with numbness, tingling, and paresthesias in the feet and/or hands.
neuropathy
A birthmark caused by abnormal pigmentation or proliferation of blood vessels is a(n) ______.
nevus
granulation
new fibrous tissue formed during wound healing
pulseless non-breather (PNB)
no pulse, not breathing
Nystagmus is a Greek term for ______.
nodding
A circumscribed mass of tissue is called a(n) ______.
node
sinus rhythm
normal heart rhythm
sinus rhythm
normal heart rhythm. 60-80 beats per minute
Eosinophils
normally 2% to 4% the total WBC count. they leave the bloodstream to enter tissue that is undergoing an allergic response. during an allergic reactive, the number and percentage of eosinophilis increase.
Basephils
normally less than 1% of the total WBC count. basophilis migrate to damaged tissues to release histamine (which increases blood flow) and heparin (which prevents blood clotting).
respiratory tract elements
nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi and bronchioles alveoli
The root in the terms atrophy and hypertrophy means
nourishment
what is dissolved in plasma for transportation
nutrients, waste products, hormones, and enzymes are dissolved in plasma for transportation
Fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyeballs is known as
nystagmus
The Latin term for to hide is ______.
occult
What is the disorder that occurs to the shoulder when the ball of the humerus slips out of the scapula's socket, usually anteriorly?
Dislocation
abreviation for electrocardiogram
ECG EKG
electromyography MRI muscle biopsy ESR MSA
Electrode needles record electrical activity in a muscle as it contracts and relaxes Imaging technique used to visualize soft tissue injuries A sample of muscle tissue is removed and analyzed in the laboratory Nonspecific blood test to detect the presence of inflammation in the body Blood test to detect the presence of myositis-specific antibodies
What hormones secreted by the adrenal glands prepare the body for physical activity and are responsible for the "flight or fight" response?
Epinephrine Norepinephrine Adrenaline
obstructive sleep apnea pharyngitis tonsillitis nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Episodes of gasping for breath, followed by complete cessation of breathing Acute or chronic infection involving the pharynx, tonsils, and uvula Usually a viral infection of the tonsils in the oropharynx Rare form of cancer that occurs mostly in males between the ages of 50 and 60
physical therapists physical therapist assistants orthopedic technologists podiatrists
Evaluate and treat pain, disease, or injury by physical therapeutic measures as opposed to medical or surgical measures Work under the direction of a physical therapist to assist patients with their physical therapy Assist orthopedic surgeons in treating patients Practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot
Most of the pancreas is what type of gland?
Exocrine
What is the medical term for bulging of the eyes that is a symptom of Graves disease?
Exophthalmos
Which organization approves treatment options for osteoporosis?
FDA
palpitations
Feeling a heart-racing, pounding, or fluttering sensation in the chest
Which of the movements are performed by the muscles of your forearm?
Forearm supination Wrist extension Wrist flexion Medial and lateral hand movement
maxillary palatine zygomatic lacrimal nasal mandible
Form the upper jaw, hold the upper teeth, and are hollow, forming the maxillary sinuses Located behind the maxilla and cannot be seen on a lateral view of the skull The prominences of the cheeks (cheekbones) below the eyes Form the medial wall of each orbit Form the sides and bridge of the nose Lower jawbone, which holds the lower teeth
Macrophages
Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.
What pituitary therapeutic procedure delivers a single high dose radiation beam?
Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery
Which of the following techniques involve drawing a sample of blood for laboratory analysis?
Genetic testing MSA Creatine kinase levels ESR
What is the upper opening into the larynx from the oropharynx called?
Glottis
______ is the pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels.
Glucagon
______ stimulate cells to secrete cytokines.
Glucocorticoids
______ is an organ that produces sex cells; a testis or an ovary.
Gonad
Hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter is called ______.
Graves disease
______ is an infection that causes severe gastrointestinal distress. It can colonize the gut when broad spectrum antibiotics destroy normal gut flora.
Clostridium difficile
Identify the two ways in which the blood provides protection to the body.
Clotting to prevent blood loss from damaged vessels Recognition and destruction of microorganisms by immune cells
Which bacteria are normal flora that become infectious pathogens in other parts of the body?
Coliform Staphylococcus
What is a common fracture of the radius that occurs just above the wrist joint?
Colles
What diagnostic procedure is a computer-generated angiography of the pulmonary circulation using contrast materials?
Computed tomography
What do the abbreviations CAT or CT stand for?
Computed tomography
Long Short Flat Irregular
Considerably longer than they are wide, like the main bones of the limbs, palms, soles, fingers, and toes Nearly as long as they are wide, like the patella (kneecap) and the bones of the wrist and ankles Like the bones of the skull and ribs Like the bones in the vertebrae
What functions does the thyroid hormones perform?
Controls the speed of the body's chemical functions known as the metabolic rate. Stimulate almost every tissue in the body to produce proteins. Increases the amount of oxygen that cells use.
Name the blood circulation of the heart.
Coronary circulation
hormones secreted by the adrenal glands that help regulate blood glucose in times of stress.
Cortisol Glucocorticoids Hydrocortisone
What is the term for an inflammation of nasal mucosa, which is usually viral?
Coryza Rhinitis
What type of surgery uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and kill cancer cells?
Cryosurgery
Hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland is known as ______.
Cushing syndrome
With what disease is adrenocortical hyperfunction most commonly seen?
Cushing syndrome
The skin synthesizes vitamin _____, which is important for bone health.
D
___ fillers help to diminish facial lines and wrinkles by restoring subcutaneous volume and fullness to the face as subcutaneous fat is lost in the natural aging process.
Dermal
What are two things that are absorbed by the lymphatic system?
Dietary lipids from the intestines Excess interstitial fluid
Which of the following is NOT a function of immunoglobulins?
Directly destroying a pathogen
Which characteristic of the immune system enables it to recognize self versus non-self molecules?
Discrimination