medical terminology final

Blood in the stool that is present but not visible to the naked eye is called ______.

occult blood

The use of work and recreational activities to increase independent function in patients is called _____________ therapy

occupational

Premature beats

occur most often in elderly people and are usually associated with caffeine and stress

hypovolemic shock

occurs from loss of blood volume, often due to excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) or dehydration

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

occurs much more often than hodgkin's lymphoma. 30 different diseases in 10 different sub types

heart block

occurs when interference in cardiac electrical conduction prevents the atria's contractions from coordinating with the ventricles' contractions

Cononary artery disease

occurs when the coronary arteries supplying blood to the myocardium are constricted by atherosclerotic plaques called atheroma. this reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscle. Platelet clumping can occur on the plaque and form a blood clot (coronary thrombosis).

Abnormal curvature of the spine is more common in ______ people, particularly those with osteoporosis.

older

What is the medical term for sense of smell?

olfaction

Lymphatic vessels resemble small veins and have _____ valves.

one-way

fungus infection in nail

onychomycosis

Instrument for viewing the retina is a(n)

ophthalmoscope

A retinal detachment is visible on a(n)

ophthalmoscopic

A(n) _____ examination of the retina is performed with an ophthalmoscope.

ophthalmoscopic

The examination of the retina using an ophthalmoscope is called

ophthalmoscopy

process of viewing the retina.

ophthalmoscopy

A professional skilled in the measurement of vision but who cannot treat eye diseases or prescribe medication is known as a(n) .

optometrist

The profession of the measurement of vision is _____.

optometry

Vitamins are essential ______ substances necessary in small amounts for normal cell function.

organic

the ________ of a skeletal muscle is its stationary attachment site. Its ___________ is its movable attachment site.

origin insertion

The region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and the tip of the epiglottis is the ______.

oropharynx

Braces and walkers used during recovery are examples of _____________ appliances.

orthopedic

A(n) ______ is a specialist who fabricates and fits orthotic appliances, often upon the recommendation of a physical therapist.

orthotist

Chronic inflammatory disease of joints

osteoarthritis

The abbreviation OA stands for ______.

osteoarthritis

A bacterial or fungal infection of the external auditory canal

otitis externa

swimmers ear

otitis externa

epicardium

outer single layer of cells overlying a thin layer of connective tissue

The gonads of the female are called ______.

ovaries

Macular degeneration usually occurs in people

over the age of 55.

Polycythemia is a disease characterized by ______.

overproduction of RBCs

Hemoglobin that has ______ bound to it is called oxyhemoglobin.

oxygen

Which gas is transported to the tissues from the lung?

oxygen

how does blood circulate through the ventricles in the heart?

oxygen and nutrients are delivered to your bodies cells, and co2 and metabolic waste products are removed from the cells. this deoxygenated blood, via the veins, returns to the heart where the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs. in the lungs, the co2 waste material is exchanged for oxygen from inhaled air. this oxygenated blood then travels to the pulmonary veins back to the left side of the heart.

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the uterus to contract

oxytocin

device that regulates the cardiac electrical activity

pacemaker

The roof of the mouth or floor of the nose is termed ______.

palate

Any small projection is called ______.

papilla

Benign projection of epithelial cells

papilloma

An abnormal sensation; e.g., tingling, burning, and pricking is called ______.

paresthesia

Troponin I and T

part of a protein complex in muscle that is released into the blood during a muscle injury. found in heart muscle but not skeletal, which makes it a high- sensitive indicator of a recent MI.

Light rays that strike the eye in the center of the cornea

pass straight through without bending.

functions of the nose

passage way for air air cleanser air moisturizer air warmer sense of smell

A term that means the opposite of active is

passive

Human immunoglobulins confer ______ immunity.

passive

The tonsils are ______.

patches of lymphoid tissue near the throat

What is the term for the thin, circular bone in front of the knee joint, embedded in the patellar tendon?

patella

kneecap

patella

A disease-causing organism or microorganism is known as a(n) ______.

pathogen

The type of meter that records the greatest flow of air that can be sustained for 10 milliseconds on forced expiration is the ______.

peak flow

Lice produce disease called ___________ by attaching their nits (eggs) to hair and clothing.

pediculosis

The antibiotic ______ is derived from a fungus.

penicillin

hematocrit

percentage of total blood volume composed of red blood cells

tissue surrounding the eye

periorbital

Seventy-five percent of all amputations are preformed on people over 65 years of age with _____ vascular disease.

peripheral

Smooth muscle powers the movement of food through the digestive system via ______.

peristalsis

Anemia caused by deficiency of intrinsic factor, leading to inadequate vitamin B12 absorption, is ______.

pernicious anemia

The term ophthalmic means

pertaining to the eye.

The metacarpals connect to the ______ at the metacarpophalangeal joints.

phalanges

Inflammation of the pharynx is called ______.

pharyngitis

Using a laser to cause clotting in vessels of the retina is _____.

photocoagulation

PDT stands for____________ therapy which exposes the skin to a high-intensity blue light and creates a toxic environment in which bacteria in the sebaceous glands cannot live.

photodynamic

A(n) ____ cell receives light and converts it into electrical impulses.

photoreceptor

In diabetic retinopathy, retinal hemorrhage destroys

photoreceptor cells.

physiatrist

physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Gait retraining to improve walking ability after stroke or joint replacement is the role of the

physical therapist

Therapeutic exercises to restore strength to legs weakened by trauma or stroke are prescribed by

physical therapists.

pulmonologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung

hematologist immunologist epidemiologist clinical laboratory technicians immunology technicians transfusion technicians phlebotomist

physicians who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of blood and bone marrow diseases allergists are physicians who specialize in immune system disorders, such as allergies, asthma, and immunodeficiency and auto immune diseases medical scientists involved in the study of epidemic diseases and how they are transmitted and controlled perform routine testing procedures on body fluids, blood, and other tissues using microscopes, computers, and other laboratory equipment certified laboratory technicians with a special interest in immunology, who generally work alongside medical researchers certified technicians who deal with all phases of blood transfusions assist physicians by drawing patient blood samples for laboratory testing

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterium to invade the skin and causes

pimples boils impetigo

The hypothalamus connects the brain to the endocrine system through blood vessels between the hypothalamus and the ______ gland.

pituitary

Coronary artery disease occurs when the coronary arteries supplying blood to the myocardium are constricted by ______.

plaque

The fluid, noncellular component of the blood, is called ______.

plasma

What is the Greek term that means something formed?

plasma

B cells differentiate into

plasma cells

What are different methods of tonometery that measure intraocular pressure?

pneumatonometry Goldmann

Surgical removal of a lung is called ______.

pneumonectomy

surgical removal of the lung

pneumonectomy

Air in the pleural cavity is termed ______.

pneumothorax

A(n) ______ is a substance that makes an environment unclean or impure.

pollutant

What is the term for excessive thirst?

polydipsia

White blood cells with a multilobed nucleus are ______.

polymorphonuclear cells

Nasal ______ are benign growths arising from the mucosa of the nasal cavity or a sinus.

polyps

papillomas

polyps are bening tumors of the larynx due to overuse or irritation.

The parathyroid glands are located on the ______ surface of the thyroid gland.

posterior

A(n) ______ fracture is a fracture of the fibula near the ankle and is often accompanied by a fracture of the medial malleolus of the tibia.

pott

ventricular arrhythmias include

premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) - when extra impulses arise from the ventricle ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - when ventricles lose control, quivering instead of pumping

antibodies

present in plasma. each antibody can combine with only a specific antigen. if the plasma antibodies combine with another red cell antigen, bridges form and connect these red cells together. this is called

When a patient lies in one position for a long period they are at risk of developing ____ ulcers.

pressure decubitus

decubitus

pressure ulcer

The term _____ refers to a process to prevent occurrence of a disease or health problem.

prevention

If an Rh negative person is transfused with Rh positive blood they will ______.

produce antibodies against the Rh antigen

A hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated form the prostate gland is ______.

prostaglandin

An artificial part to remedy a defect in the body is a(n)

prosthesis

greek for addition

prosthesis

Myoglobin is

protein of muscle that stores and transports oxygen.

A skin disease of unknown cause that presents with itchy, flaky, red patches covered with white or silvery scales is called _________

psoriasis

Drooping down of the upper eyelid or an organ is called

ptosis

The thin-walled alveoli sacs allow the exchange of gases with the surrounding ______ capillary network.

pulmonary

When blood is routed from the right side of the heart to the lungs, this is done through ______ circulation.

pulmonary

The sensor that is placed on the finger to measure the oxygen saturation of the blood is a(n) ______.

pulse oximeter

three most important functions of the heart

pump blood -The heart contracts and generates pressure that moves blood through the blood vessels. route blood - The right side of the heart sends blood to the lungs and then back to the left side of the heart and out to the body. regulate blood supply - Changing metabolic needs of your tissues and organs are met by change in the rate and force of the heart's contractions.

The central opening in the iris of the eye that allows light to enter is the

pupil

The central opening of the iris, which appears black, is the _____.

pupil

An adjective that means pertaining to the pupil is _____.

pupillary

The term that refers to showing or containing a lot of pus is

purulent

A surgical procedure to treat myopia in which cuts are made to flatten the cornea is called

radial keratotomy

keloid

raised, irregular, lumpy scar

effect of glucagon

raises blood glucose levels

malignant hypertension

rare, life-threatening type of hypertension that involves a blood pressure reading greater than 200/120

Anemia is a deficiency of ______.

red blood cells

if the burn is deep, the tissue cannot ________ itself, and a skin graft is needed. this graft can come from the patient, ________, or from another person, ___________, or even from another species __________. grafts may also come from the skin banks or _____________.

regenerate autograft allograft xenografts cadavers

A function of the circulatory system is to ______ blood pressure by maintaining a steady flow of blood and blood pressure to the tissues.

regulate

The therapeutic restoration of one's ability to function as before is

rehabilitation

cuticle, paronychia, onychomyosis

related to nails

integumentary, dermatitis, subcutaneous

related to skin

Another name for ventilator is __.

respirator

What does RICE mean?

rest, ice, compression, elevation

The Greek term tone means tension present in what type of muscles?

resting

secondary hypertension

results from other diseases like kidney disease, atherosclerosis, and hyperthyroidism

hypertension (HTN)

results from prolonged elevated blood pressure in the vascular system

The light-sensitive innermost layer of the eye is the

retina

Partial or complete separation of the retina from its underlying choroid layer is called _____.

retinal detachment

The most common cancer in children is

retinoblastoma

A virus with an RNA core is called ______.

retrovirus

HIV is one of a group of viruses known as a(n) ______.

retrovirus

ultrasonography fine needle aspiration biopsy antithyroid antibodies

reveals the size of the gland and the presence of nodules distinguishes benign from malignant nodules associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the thyroid

Four chambers of the heart

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

tinea

ringworm

The two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina are

rods and cones

rosacea

rosy

An eosinophils granules attract a(n) ______ color upon staining.

rosy-red

An adjective that means circular movement is

rotary

frequent sport injury to the shoulder girdle

rotator cuff tear

Impetigo

scabby eruption

What are the areas of skin where psoriasis commonly occurs?

scalp elbows knees

shoulder blade

scapula

The tough, white outer layer of the eyeball is the _____.

sclera

The dermis is the location of sweat and _______________ glands, ___________ follicles, and nail ________.

sebaceous hair roots or root

Production by a cell(s) of physiologically active substance and its movement out of the cell is known as _____.

secretion

The prefix in the term autoimmune means ______.

self or same

A thin wall separating two cavities or tissue masses is called ______.

septum

The atria of the heart are separated by a thin muscle wall called the interatrial ______.

septum

What hormone is considered the feel-good hormone?

serotonin

__ is the fluid remaining after removal of blood cells and the formation of a clot.

serum

plasma without clotting factors

serum

when blood clots and the solid clot is removed, what remains?

serum. a clear, yellowish fluid that contains all the blood proteins not used in clotting and the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, and hormones are carried into the blood.

The hair _______ is the part of the hair that projects above the skin.

shaft

diaphysis epiphysis periosteum medulla

shaft end of bone tough connective tissue sheath hollow cylinder inside the diaphysis

The herpes zoster virus produces painful vesicles and is also known as

shingles

herpes zoster

shingles

Two common symptoms of anemia are ______.

shortness of breath and fatigue

A genetic form of anemia that causes abnormal hemoglobin and deformed, sickle-shaped RBCs is ______.

sickle cell anemia

A(n) _____ is physical evidence of a disease process.

sign

What are the different types of muscle strains?

simple stretch partial tear complete tear

A cavity or hollow space in the bone or other tissue is called a(n) ______.

sinus

three types of muscle

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

comedo, papule, vesicle

skin eruptions

The most common pathogenic fungi usually cause ______.

skin infections

structures of the axial skeleton.

skull, spinal column, rib cage

A(n) ____ examination focuses the height and width of a beam of light to give a stereoscopic view of the interior structures of the eyeball.

slit-lamp

thymus

small organ of the immune system located in the center of the upper chest, has both endocrine and lymphatic functions. T lymphocytes develop and mature in the thymus and is released into the bloodstream. the thymus is largest in infancy and reaches its maximum size at puberty. it then shrinks and is eventually replaced by fibrous and fatty adipose tissue.

vesicle

small sac containing liquid

Which definition describes a lymphocyte?

small white blood cell with a large nucleus

which disease has been virtually eliminated worldwide by the use of a vaccination

smallpox

The root word ulcer means ____.

sore

cadavers, skin banks, homografts

sources of a skin graft

How is blood pressure measured?

sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

A(n) ______ is a device for measuring the volume of air that patients move in and out of their respiratory system.

spirometer

An instrument used to measure respiratory volumes is called ______.

spirometer

macule

spot

Injury or tearing of a ligament is called a(n)

sprain

Matter that is coughed up and spat out by individuals with respiratory disorders is called ______.

sputum

The term for three-dimensional vision is

stereopsis

three-dimensional vision

stereopsis

vaccine vaccinate vaccination

stimulates active immunity administer a vaccine Noun; administration of a vacci

When there is a muscle imbalance in one eye, the alignment breaks down and _______ results

strabismus

a muscle _______ is an injury caused by overstretching or overexerting a muscle. There are varying degrees, from mild with minimal tearing to complete rupture of the muscle.

strain

The hypodermis is also correctly called the _____ layer of the integument.

subcutaneous

hypodermic

subcutaneous

adipose tissue

subcutaneous fat

a ____________ complaint by a patient about his illness is an example of a symptom.

subjective

All three types of skin cancer share one common cause: excess exposure to

sunlight

The gliding joint between the humerus and the radius bone of the forearm allows for pronation and ______.

supination

the skeletal system provides

support, protection, blood formation, mineral storage and balance, detoxification, endocrine regulation

Congenital or infantile esotropia requires ____ to correct.

surgery

mammoplasty, abdominoplasty, blephaoplasty

surgical repairs

The term that is both a verb, meaning to stitch the edges of a wound together, and a noun, referring to that stitch, is

suture

your left ventricle pumps blood to all parts of the body (except lungs) through

system circulation

The top number on a blood pressure reading is?

systolic pressure

lymphatic tissues are composed of

t lymphocytes - (t cells) the t stands for thymus, which is where the cells develop and mature. t lymphocytes make up 75% to 85% of body lymphocytes b lymphocytes - (b cells) these cells mature in bone marrow. b lymphocytes make up 15% to 25% of body lymphocytes. they respond to a specific antigen and become plasma cells to produce antibodies (immunoglobulins)

rapid breathing

tachypnea

arthrography

taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint

The fat in the hypodermis cushions and protects vital organs and helps regulate body

temperature

Inflammation of a tendon is called ______.

tendinitis

Tendinitis is inflammation of a(n) _____.

tendon

What attaches to a bone's periosteum at the origin and insertion of the muscle?

tendons

Severe muscle twitches; cramps, and spasms is known as ______.

tetany

Normal flora are microorganisms ______

that live in or on our bodies and do not harm us

immunity

the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.

blood specimen in a tube

the cells of the blood separate out and fill out and fill the bottom 45% of the tube. 90% of these cells are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets make up the remainder of the sample.

hemostasis

the control of bleeding, is a vital issue in maintaining homeostasis, the state of the body's equilibrium. uncontrolled bleeding can offset the body's balance by decreasing blood volume and lowering blood pressure.

pancytopenia

the erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes,

Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of ______.

the lymphatic system

atherosclerosis

the most common form of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), and it can lead to atherosclerotic heart disease.

Von Willebrand Disease

the most common hereditary bleeding disorder - it is a protein deficiency of the factor VIII complex that is different from the factor deficiency involved in hemophilia

On the palmar surface, the prominent pad of muscle near the thumb is the ________ eminence. The pad of muscle near the fifth finger is the _________ eminence

thenar hypothenar

A(n) ____ is a specialist who performs _____ procedures to restore patient function.

therapist; therapeutic

What is the term for systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder?

therapy

what do the deltoid, brachialis, and latissimis dorsi have in common

they're all muscles

intraventricular septum

thick wall that separates the right and left ventricles.

interatrial septum

thin muscle wall that separates the right and left atria

During expiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax so that the ______ cavity springs back to its original size.

thoracic

All lymph vessels move towards

thoracic cavity

another term for platelet

thrombocyte

Another term for platelets is ______.

thrombocytes

A deficiency of platelets in the blood is called ______.

thrombocytopenia

A piece of detached blood clot (embolus) blocking a distant blood vessel is termed a(n) ______.

thromboembolism

Inflammation of a vein with clot formation is termed ______.

thrombophlebitis

latin term for clot

thrombus

The thenar eminence is the prominent pad of muscle near the

thumb

A gland in the mediastinum that has immune and endocrine functions is the ______.

thymus

T lymphocytes mature in the ______.

thymus

The "T" in the term T cell or T lymphocyte stands for ______, the organ where these cells mature.

thymus

The ______ gland lies just beneath the skin of the neck and below the Adam's apple.

thyroid

The ______ is an endocrine gland in the neck; or a cartilage of the larynx.

thyroid

Latin for large shinbone

tibia

bones of the lower leg

tibia and fibula

adenoids

tissues on the posterior wall of the upper pharynx and naso pharynx

function of the auricle (pinna)

to direct sound waves into the auditory canal.

the most immediate need in the treatment of MI is

to get blood and oxygen to the affect myocardium

where is a majority of the hearts mass?

to the left of the sternum.

The nasolacrimal gland carries tears from the eyes __.

to the nose

The tension present in a muscle is called

tone

the __________ of your skeletal muscles holds you straight when sitting, standing, or moving.

tone

An instrument that measures intraocular pressure is a(n) _____.

tonometer

A test to determine if a person is developing glaucoma is

tonometry

A mass of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat at the back of the tongue is called a(n) ______.

tonsil

Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy is sometimes performed to treat ______.

tonsillitis

Patches of lymphatic tissue near the opening of the oropharynx are the ______.

tonsils

leukocytosis

total WBC count exceeds 10,000 per cubic millimeter.

a lipid profile helps determine the risk of CAD and comprises

total cholesterol high density lipoprotein (HDL) good cholesterol low density lipopritein (LDL) bad cholesterol triglycerides

The rigid tube that descends from the larynx is called the _____.

trachea

What is another name for the windpipe?

trachea

What is the name of the air tube from the larynx to the bronchi?

trachea

the flow of inhaled hair moves into your

trachea

The ______ tree is an upside-down tree-like structure that conducts air in the chest.

tracheobronchial

Insertion of a tube into the windpipe to assist breathing is termed ______.

tracheostomy

sleep technologists

trained in sleep technology and sleep medicine. These technologists assist sleep specialists in the assessment, monitoring, management, and follow-up care of patients with sleep disorders

What is the term for medication application that are administered through the skin by an adhesive transdermal patch applied to the skin?

transdermal

Function of RBCs (erythrocytes)

transport oxygen transport carbon monoxide transport nitric oxide

A cause of pain in the SI joint is ______, when tearing of the joint ligaments allows to much motion.

trauma

Four valves of the heart

tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral (bicuspid), aortic

Antigens are a substance that can ______.

trigger an immune response in the body

A highly sensitive indicator of a recent myocardial infarction is ______.

troponin I

Infectious disease that can infect any organ or tissue is ______.

tuberculosis

abdominoplasty blepharoplasty dermabrasion liposuction mammoplasty rhinoplasty

tummy tuck the correction of defects in the eyelids the removal of upper layers of skin using a high-powered rotating brush the surgical removal of fatty tissue using suction the surgical procedure to alter the size or shape of the breast the surgical procedure to alter the size or shape of the nose

tonsilis

two masses of lymphatic tissue located at the upper part of the throat that entrap inhaled and ingested pathogens.

ear drum

tympanic membrane

electrocardiography

ultrasound waves to study cardiac function

Melanin determines the color of your skin and protects it from ___________ light damage

ultraviolet or UV

fibrillation

uncontrolled quivering or twitching of the heart muscle

Where are keloids (shiny scars) mostly found?

upper body earlobes

location of spleen

upper left quadrant of the abdomen, below diaphragm and lateral to the kidney.

the pectoral girdle connects the axial skeletal to the

upper limbs

common cold

upper respiratory infection. it is contagious and easily transmitted in air born droplets through coughing and sneezing.

cyrosurgery

use of liquid nitrogen or argon gas in a probe to freeze and kill abnormal tissue

coronary angiogram

uses a contract dye injected during catherterization to identify coronary artery blockages

The middle coat of the eye that includes the choroid, ciliary body, and iris is the _____.

uvea

Inflammation of the uvea

uveitis

A health professional who assists physicians by performing diagnostic and monitoring procedures of the cardiovascular system using ultrasound is a ______ technologist.

vascular

Deoxygenated blood flows from the cells to the heart via the ______.

veins

Radiograph of veins after injection of radioopaque contrast material.

venogram

respiration has two components

ventilation - movement of air and its gases into (inspiration) and out (expiration) out of the lungs. the exchange of gases between air and blood, and between blood and interstitial fluids

A term that means chamber of the heart (pumps blood) or a cavity in the brain (produces cerebrospinal fluid) is ______.

ventricle

One of the bones of the spinal column is known as ______.

vertebra

latin for Spinal Joint

vertebra

______ diseases cannot be successfully treated with antibiotics.

viral

Chickenpox and mumps are caused by ______.

viruses

A term that means sharpness and clearness of vision is _____.

visual acuity

What type of skin disorders is laser therapy used for?

vitiligo warts birthmarks

Movement of air across the ___________ cords makes voice and sound possible.

vocal

Skeletal and cardiac muscle both have striations. However, skeletal muscle is under ____ control, and cardiac muscle is not.

voluntary

verruca

wart

cardiogenic shock

when heart fails to pump blood effectively though the body's organs and tissues

diviated nasal septum

when the partition between the two nostrils is pushed to one side, leading to partially obstructed airway in one nostril. treatment is surgery.

diastolic

when the ventricles are relaxed

Voluntary muscle is a muscle that is under the control of

will

tinea

worm

The term lutea is Latin for

yellow

how does the conduction system work?

(1) right atrium's SA (sinoatrial node) initiates heartbeat, pacemaker of the heart (2) electrical signals from the SA node spread out through atria and rejoin at the AV (atrioventricular node). The AV is the electrical gateway to the ventricles (3) electrical signals leave AV node and travels to the ventricular myocardium where they stimulate the ventricular myocardium to contract, creating your heartbeat.

atrial fibrillation

(A-fib) occurs when the two atria quiver rather than contract correctly to pump blood. this causes blood pool and atria and blood clot.

ventrical tachycardia

(V-tach) rapid heart beat that begins in the ventricals

platelets

(also called thrombocytes) play a key role in hemostasis. they are minute fragments of large bone marrow cells and consists of a small amount of granular cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane. they have no nucleus

function of tears

-cleanse and lubricate eye surface -deliver oxygen and nutrients to conjunctiva -prevent infection by means of a bactericidal lysozyme

three functions of the circulatory system

1. Transport 2. Regulate homeostasis 3. blood pressure regulation

Functions of the lymphatic system

1. absorb excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream. 2. remove foreign cIMAGEhemicals, cells, and debris from the tissues. 3. absorb dietary lipids from the small intestines.

seven ways to treat MI

1. injection of blood bursting drugs 2. artery cleaning angioplasty 3. stent placement 4. cardio version and defibrillation 5. radio frequency ablation 6. coronary artery bypass graft 7. heart transplant

three components of the lymphatic system

1. lymphatic vessels 2. lymph 3. lymph nodes

major roles of the larynx

1. maintaining an opening passage for the movement of air and from the trachea. 2. producing sounds through the vocal cords

functions of the spleen

1. phagocytose (consume) bacteria and other foreign materials. 2. initiate an immune response when antigens are found in the blood. 3. phagocytose old, defective erythrocytes and platelets. 4. serve as a reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets.

Fractures of the elbow account for ______ percent of all fractures in children.

10%

A resting adult breathes ______ to ______ times per minute.

10; 15

normal blood pressure

120/80 mmHg

high blood pressure

140/90 mmHg or higher

How many articulations does the elbow joint have?

2

How many components does the pituitary gland have?

2

How many lobes does the left lung have?

2

Type ______ diabetes leads to other common disorders like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease.

2

How many regions is the pharynx divided into?

3 regions

How many bones form the hinged joint in the knee?

4

Most people have ______ parathyroid glands.

4

a normal cubic millimeter of blood contains how many white blood cells.

5,000 to 10,000

closed open displaced complete incomplete

A bone is broken, but the skin is not broken. A fragment of the fractured bone breaks the skin, or a wound extends to the site of the fracture. The fractured bone parts are out of line. A bone is broken into at least two fragments. The fracture does not extend completely across the bone.

leukemia leukemic leukopenia

A cancer of the blood-forming tissue Pertaining to WBCs; indicative of leukemia A deficiency of WBCs

What is true regarding an autologous transfusion of blood?

A patient donates his own blood prior to surgery It can restore the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood following blood loss.

What is the difference between a muscle strain and a muscle sprain?

A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament; a strain is a stretch in the muscle or tendon.

The two most important blood groups, based on antigens on the surface of red blood cells, are the ______.

ABO and Rh groups

Dysrhythmia

Abnormal heart rhythm

arrhythmia

Abnormal heart rhythm

An autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids is known as ______.

Addison disease

What gland is anchored like a cap on the upper pole of each kidney?

Adrenal

______ is a hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormone.

Adrenocorticotropic

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormone.

Adrenocorticotropic

eosinophil lymphocytes monocytes

Allergic reactions Infectious mononucleosis Tuberculosis

type 1 diabetes type 2 diabetes latent autoimmune diabetes gestational diabetes mature-onset diabetes of the young

Also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Also called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Occurs in adults who have the same autoantibodies as type 1 diabetes, but there is no need for insulin treatment in the first 6 months after diagnosis Occurs during pregnancy and in most cases resolves after pregnancy Genetically linked form of diabetes usually found in in people under 55 years of age

What do bronchioles divide into that are thin-walled sacs?

Alveoli

How does immunization work?

An inactivated antigen is introduced into the body to stimulate the immune system.

parasite

An organism that feeds on a living host

______ shock is a life-threatening emergency.

Anaphylactic

When a bacterial infection is present, what type of medication is prescribed?

Antibiotic

Which of the following would prevent a blood clot from forming?

Anticoagulant

What is the name of the procedure in which aspiration of the knee joint fluid is performed?

Arthrocentesis

total replacement of the knee joint

Arthroplasty

Which of the following statements about hair are correct?

As hair grows, newer cells push the older ones upward. Each hair grows in a separate follicle. Apocrine sweat glands open into hair follicles.

What is known in the conduction system of the heart as the electrical gateway to the ventricles?

Atrioventricular node

systemic lupus erythematosus rosacea scleroderma

Autoimmune disease with a characteristic butterfly rash and other skin lesions; it also attacks multiple internal organs Produces a similar rash on the face as systemic lupus erythematosus but produces no systemic complications Autoimmune disease characterized by hardening and shrinking of the skin, joint stiffness, and pain; vital organs also undergo a similar process

What is the disorder of the femoral head with death of bone tissue when blood supply is cut off, usually as a result of trauma?

Avascular necrosis

Creatine kinase levels can be measured using which diagnostic technique?

Blood test

What causes aging skin to bruise more easily?

Blood vessels in the dermis become fragile

What is the name of the two main branches that serve as the airways going to the right and left lungs?

Bronchi

How are bones of the skeletal system classified?

By their shape long, short, flat, irregular

What is the term for spongy bone that is formed from osteoblasts in the healing process of a fracture?

Cancellous

leukemia

Cancer of blood-forming tissues; causes overproduction of nonfunctional WBC precursors

Blood flows from the arterioles into what?

Capillaries

infectious mononucleosis

Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; transmitted by exchange of saliva

Select the procedures used as part of the therapeutic procedure of chest physiotherapy.

Chest tapping Postural drainage therapy

What is a progressive lower respiratory tract disease known as COPD?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Which of the following does NOT normally occur with asthma? Circulatory shock Coughing Wheezing Bronchospasm

Circulatory shock

______ is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland.

Hashimoto disease

What is the name of the small canals that the blood vessels travel through in the bones?

Haversian

myocardial infarction

Heart attack; Death of cardiac muscle due to ischemia.

What are the nodes that form as small bony spurs due to osteoarthritis?

Heberden

Which of the following are physicians? Hematologist Phlebotomist Clinical laboratory technician Immunologist Allergist

Hematologist Immunologist Allergist

Which statements are correct regarding erythrocyte function? Erythrocytes transport nitric oxide to the lungs for excretion. Hemoglobin can bind to oxygen and carbon dioxide in erythrocytes. Nitric oxide causes smooth muscle to contract. Erythrocytes transport carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the lungs

Hemoglobin can bind to oxygen and carbon dioxide in erythrocytes. Erythrocytes transport carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the lungs.

Which type of anemia is the result of the destruction of RBCs?

Hemolytic anemia

When shoulder subluxation occurs, the ball of what bone partially slips out of position in the socket and then moves back in?

Humerus

Which of the following statements are true regarding immunity?

Humoral immunity is an indirect attack using immunoglobulins to identify antigen. Cellular and humoral immunity can both be deployed against the same antigen. T cells, B cells, and macrophages are involved in cellular immunity. Plasma cells, which are mature B lymphocytes, produce immunoglobulins.

What is the most common cause of foot ulcers and gangrene of the lower extremities, sometimes requiring amputation?

Hyperglycemia

Select symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Hypertension Tachycardia Sweating Weight loss

What condition is present when blood glucose is below 70 mg/dL?

Hypoglycemia

What gland of the endocrine system is located in the brain just above the pituitary gland?

Hypothalamus

Tenosynovitis differs from tendinitis in what way?

In tenosynovitis, the tendon and its synovial sheath are inflamed.

where is the heart located?

In the thoracic cavity, between the lungs in the area called mediastinum

carpal tunnel syndrome ganglion cysts stenosing tenosynovitis

Inflammation of flexor tendons in the carpal tunnel due to overuse; causes loss of thumb strength Fluid-filled cysts on the dorsum of the wrist Painful inflammation of the tendon sheaths on the back of the wrist

What are small particles of solid matter that float through the air and enter our bodies as we breathe?

Inorganic chemicals Pollutants Organic chemicals

statements regarding the integumentary system.

Integument is a complete medical term and the root of the term integumentary. It is an organ system that covers the body. It includes the skin, the largest organ in the body, and accessory structures, such as hair, nails, and glands.

What guards the nares to prevent large particles from entering the body?

Internal hairs

cardiac smooth skeletal

Involuntary, striated muscle tissue found only within the walls of the heart Involuntary, nonstriated muscle tissue found within the walls of the uterus and digestive tract organs Voluntary, striated muscle tissue attached to bones

Which of the following statements are true regarding aplastic anemia?

It can be caused by exposure to radiation It can be caused by exposure to benzene

______ is excessive ketones in the blood, making it acidic.

Ketoacidosis

Hypothyroidism, in most cases, can be treated with a constant daily dose of ______.

LT4

What is the articular cartilage that forms a rim around the hip joint socket, cushioning the joint and helping to keep the femoral head in place in the socket?

Labrum

Which of the four chambers of the heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through systemic circulation?

Left ventricle

nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx

Located at the back of the nose and above the soft palate and uvula Located at the back of the mouth, below the soft palate and above the epiglottis Located below the tip of the epiglottis

osteoporosis osteopenia osteomyelitis osteomalacia achondroplasia osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

Loss of bone density Low bone density Inflammation of bone and bone marrow Softening of the bone Condition where the long bones stop growing in childhood but the axial skeletal bones are not affected Rare genetic disorder producing very brittle bones

Which immune system cells in the lymph nodes ingest, break down, and display fragments of foreign material to T cells?

Macrophages

Identify the cells that participate in cellular immunity.

Macrophages B cells T cells

Which of the following diagnostic test can produce detailed images of the heart and identify sections of cardiac muscle that are not receiving an adequate blood supply?

Magnetic resonance imaging

In an MRI test, what are used that are linked to a computer to create detailed pictures of body parts without using X-rays?

Magnets

cardiologists cardiovascular surgeons cardiovascular technologists cardiac sonographers perfusionists

Medical doctors who specialize in disorders of the cardiovascular system Surgeons who specialize in surgery of the heart and the peripheral blood vessels Assist physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders Technologists who use ultrasound to observe the heart chambers, valves, and blood vessels Highly trained health care professionals who use the heart-lung machine during cardiac and other surgeries that require cardiopulmonary bypass

______ injuries result from a twist to the knee.

Meniscus

What are the five bones closest to the fingers located in the palm?

Metacarpals

Streptococcus Staphylococcus C. diff Pneumococcus MRSA

Microbe that causes sore throats Microbe that causes sore throats Normally found on the skinNormally found on the skin Infectious microbe that causes severe diarrheaInfectious microbe that causes severe diarrhea Microbe that causes pneumoniaMicrobe that causes pneumonia Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a highly resistant bacterial infectionMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a highly resistant bacterial infection

______ is characterized by the presence of specific, diagnostic mononuclear leukocytes.

Mononucleosis

transporting wastes transporting hormones clotting transporting nutrients

Moving creatinine and urea from the cells to the kidneys for excretion. Moving insulin from the pancreas to the tissues that require it. Preventing blood loss and initiating vessel repair. Moving glucose absorbed from the intestines to the tissues that need it.

sensation excretion and secretion social functions

Nerve endings in the skin detect and transmit signals for touch, pressure, heat, cold, and injury. Water and waste products are lost through the skin via the sweat glands. Blushing and facial expressions are examples.

In addition to fat, the hypodermis contains which of the following?

Nerves Blood vessels

Select the structures that are found in the dermis.

Nerves Sebaceous glands Blood vessels Collagen fibers Sweat glands

symptoms of lymphoma

Night sweats Fatigue Weight loss Fever

What is the abbreviation for oxytocin?

OT

Identify all the members of the PM&R team.

Occupational therapist Social worker Physical therapist Physiatrist

ventricular fibrillation

Occurs when the ventricles lose control, quivering instead of pumping

What is the bony prominence of the elbow that can easily be fractured by a direct blow to the elbow or by a fall on a bent elbow?

Olecranon

______ of blood is/are smeared on a slide for a blood smear.

One drop

What types of foods can be taken in the event of hypoglycemia?

Orange Apple Grape juice

What type of surgeons are medical doctors (MDs) who deal with the prevention and correction of injuries of the skeletal system and associated muscles, joints, and ligaments?

Orthopedic

What type of therapy is used in hypoxemia and can be given by nasal cannulae, mask, or intubation?

Oxygen

Where does the heartbeat initiate in the electrical conduction of the heart?

Pacemaker of heart Sinoatrial (SA) node

What are benign tumors of the larynx?

Papillomas Polyps

______ are endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland.

Parathyroid

What is the name for a technician who assists physicians by drawing patient blood samples for laboratory testing?

Phlebotomist

What is the double-layered serous membrane that covers the surface of both lungs?

Pleura

What is the health care specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot and toenails?

Podiatry

corticosteroids

Prednisone Cortisone

______ is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk.

Prolactin

Which of the following are pituitary therapeutic procedures?

Proton beam therapy Radiation therapy

functions of the pelvic girdle.

Provides attachments for the lower limbs Supports the axial skeleton Transmits the upper body's weight to the lower limbs Protects the internal reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and distal segment of the large intestine

What is the bone that joins with the three hip bones to form the lower part of the pelvic cavity?

Pubis

What is the term for surgical removal of lung tissue?

Pulmonary resection

registered respiratory therapist

RRT assist physicians in evaluating, treating and caring for patients who have respiration disorders. RT technicians

What is the bone on the thumb side in the forearm that articulates with the carpal bones of the wrist?

Radius

premature ventricular contraction

Results when extra impulses arise from a ventricle

____ are a topical pharmacologic agent used under strict supervision of a physician in the treatment of acne, sun spots, and psoriasis.

Retinoids

______ is a degenerative disease of the retina.

Retinopathy

Select the interventions performed by occupational therapists in the rehabilitation setting.

Retrain patients in ADLs and IADLs Fabricate and train patients in use of adaptive equipment

If a person's RBCs have the Rhesus factor, their blood is ______.

Rh positive

Destruction of muscle to produce myoglobin

Rhabdomyolysis

The RBC antigen that was first discovered in a certain species of monkey is ______.

Rhesus factor

What type of arthritis causes destruction of joint surfaces, joint capsules, and ligaments, which leads to noticeable deformity and joint instability?

Rheumatoid

In relation to the pelvic girdle, what does the abbreviation SI stand for?

Sacroiliac

Select two conditions involving the sebaceous glands.

Seborrheic dermatitis Acne

______ is a neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous systems.

Serotonin

Identify all the activities that are IADLs (instrumental activities of daily living), which are not the same as ADLs (activities of daily living).

Shopping for groceries Cooking Using a telephone Driving

Which of the following are most likely to cause RBCs to agglutinate? Pernicious anemia Oxygen anemia Iron-deficiency anemia Sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease

An autoimmune disorder that causes dysfunction of the lacrimal glands and dry eyes is ______.

Sjogren's syndrome

Which of the following statements is correct regarding disorders of the shoulder girdle?

Small rotator cuff tears can heal without surgery. Complete (full thickness) tears require surgical repair. Rotator cuff tendinitis can involve the biceps tendon. Rotator cuff tears can be partial or complete. Shoulder tendinitis, bursitis, and even rotator cuff tears can be caused by overuse.

For distant vision exam, patients look at a(n) _____ letter chart 20 feet away and vision is recorded as the smallest line in which the patient can read half of the letters.

Snellen

______ is a hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of body tissues.

Somatotrophin

What is the instrument(s) used to measure blood pressure?

Sphygmomanometer Stethoscope

The most common bacteria to invade the skin is

Staphylococcus aureus

______ are a large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components.

Steroids

______ is a drug that can dissolve clots after they have formed.

Streptokinase

lymphadenitis lymphadenopathy lymphadenectomy

Swollen lymph nodes that are tender to the touch Any condition of enlarged lymph nodes Surgical removal of lymph nodes

Two types of lymphocytes

T cells - differentiate into plasma cells, which are stimulated by bacteria or toxins, to produce antibodies or immunoglobulins T cells - attach directly to foreign antigen-bearing cells like bacteria, which they kill with toxins they secrete

What can happen in the patella tendon when overused during activities, resulting in inflammation?

Tendonitis

immune immun- -ity -logy -logist -ization

Term that means protected from Root that means protected from Suffix that means condition Suffix that means the study of Suffix that means one who studies or specialist Suffix that means process of inserting or creating

What is the name for the male gonads of the endocrine system?

Testes

discrimination specificity memory

The ability to distinguish self antigens from foreign antigens The immune system recognizes specific antigens, marks them, and mounts an attack Upon a second exposure to a pathogen encountered in the past, the immune response is more rapid

What do hemophilia and von Willebrand disease have in common?

The are both genetic disorders

comminuted transverse impacted spiral oblique

The bone breaks into several pieces. The fracture is at a right angle to the long axis of the bone. The fracture consists of one bone fragment driven into another, resulting in a shortening of a limb. The fracture spirals around the long axis of the bone. The fracture runs diagonally across the long axis of the bone.

support protection blood formation mineral storage and balance detoxification endocrine regulation

The bones of your vertebral column, pelvis, and legs hold up your body. The jawbone supports your teeth. The skull protects your brain. The vertebral column protects your spinal cord. The rib cage protects your heart and lungs. Bone marrow in many bones is the major producer of blood cells, including of those in your immune system. The skeletal system stores calcium and phosphorus and releases them when your body needs them for other purposes. Bones remove metals like lead and radium from your blood, store them, and slowly release them for excretion. Bone cells release a hormone called osteocalcin, which increases insulin secretion and reduces stores of fat.

Which of the following is one location that lacks lymphatic vessels?

The central nervous system

correct statements regarding skeletal muscle origins and insertions.

The insertion of a muscle is the bone that moves during muscle contraction. A skeletal muscle can have more than one origin. A skeletal muscle can have more than one insertion

Select the correct statements about the abduct and adduct.

The prefixes ab- and ad- have opposite meanings. Adductor muscles are found on the inner surface of the thigh. Abductors move limbs away from the midline of the body. Adductors move a body part toward midline

Select the correct statements about vitamins. Large quantities are needed for cell function. Reason: Only small amounts are needed. The root vita- means life. They are essential for normal cell function. They are inorganic substances.

The root vita- means life. They are essential for normal cell function

Which statement is correct about the structure of erythrocytes? Their shape promotes more rapid diffusion of gases. Their size promotes slower diffusion of gases. Their size promotes more rapid diffusion of gases. Their shape promotes slower diffusion of gases

Their shape promotes more rapid diffusion of gases.

functions of the eyelids?

They close to keep out visual stimuli. They keep foreign objects from entering the eye. They move tears across the surface of the eye.

congenital lesions.

They often resolve within the first few years after birth. Mongolian spots are blue-grey, benign, flat, and found on the lower back of blacks, Native Americans, and Latin Americans

What diagnostic procedure is used to obtain an open biopsy of tissue from the lung, hilum, pleura, or mediastinum?

Thoracotomy

What type of drug is injected within 3.5 hours of an MI to dissolve a thrombus?

Thrombolytic

What gland secretes a group of hormones that stimulate the production of T lymphocytes?

Thymus

What gland of the endocrine system is shaped like a bow tie and measures about 2 inches wide?

Thyroid

______ is the surgical removal of the thyroid gland.

Thyroidectomy

______ is the thyroid hormone T4.

Thyroxine

diet and exercise patient education plasma glucose monitoring assessment of the patient periodic laboratory evaluation glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1c)

To achieve weight reduction of 2 pounds per week in overweight type 2 DM patients Necessary so that the patient understands the disease process, can recognize the indications for seeking immediate medical care, and will follow a foot care regimen Home glucose analyzers use a drop of blood obtained from the fingertip or forearm by a spring-powered lancet Should be performed at routine physician visits for symptoms or signs of complications Includes BUN and serum creatinine, lipid profile, ECG, and an annual complete opthalmologic evaluation Used to monitor plasma glucose control during the preceding 1 to 3 months

Tonometry is the measurement of ______ pressure

Tonometry is the measurement of

______ is removal of all thyroid tissue.

Total thyroidectomy

What function of the circulatory system takes waste products and carbon dioxide back from the cells into the system and carries it to the lungs, liver, and kidneys for excretion?

Transportation

various ways in which hemolysis can occur.

Trauma to RBCs by hemodialysis machines Drug overdoses Being bitten by poisonous snakes or spiders

What type of protein complex in muscle is released into the blood during a muscle injury?

Troponin

Which of the following transfusions are mismatched and could cause agglutination to occur? Type B recipient receiving type O blood Type O recipient receiving type A blood Type A recipient receiving type O blood Type AB recipient receiving type B blood

Type O recipient receiving type A blood

what is true regarding type O blood?

Type O red blood cells have no antigen on their surface. Type O blood has anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. Type O is the universal donor.

______ microorganisms that can be pathogenic are called bacteria.

Unicellular

leukopenia

WBC count below 5,000; occurs in some viral infections

Select the symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Weight gain Puffy face Hair loss

movement posture body heat respiration communication

When muscles contract, they pull on bones to which they are attached Partial contraction of muscles in the abdomen and back maintain tone that keeps the trunk erect Muscle contraction generates body heat Muscles in the chest wall move the ribs to facilitate breathing Facial muscles permit nonverbal communication; other muscles enable us to speak, write, and gesture

An embolus is ______.

a detached piece of a clot

croup

a group of viral diseases causing inflammation and obstruction of the upper airway.

shock

a life-threatening condition in which the heart is not delivering an adequate supply of blood to the body

each RBC is a disk with edges that are thicker than and raised above the flattened center. this biconcave surface area enables...

a more rapid flow of gases into and out of the disk

Mature RBCs do not have....

a nucleus

electrocardiogram

a paper record of the electrical activity of the heart

The blood of an Rh-negative female can produce anti-Rh antibodies if ______.

a pregnant Rh-negative female carries a Rh-positive fetus

The goal of physiatry is to develop

a treatment plan that addresses a patient's medical, social, emotional, and vocational needs. a multidisciplinary approach to get patients back to their premorbid functional level. a comprehensive treatment plan.

Broad spectrum antibiotics target ______.

a wide range of bacteria

laceration

a year or jagged wound of the skin

A hordeolum is a type of _______ in the eyelash follicle.

abscess

The act of adjusting something to make it fit the needs; in this case the lens of the eye adjusts itself is called

accommodation

Enlargement of head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone after growth plates have closed is known as ______.

acromegaly

if something is _______ , it is causing action or change.

active

Generally speaking, to accommodate is to

adapt to meet a need.

Movement of a body part toward midline is called

adduction

The surgical removal of the adenoid tissue is called ______.

adenoidectomy

The endocrine gland that is located on the upper pole of each kidney is called the ______ gland.

adrenal

allergic rhinitis

affects 15%-20% of the population. the mucus membranes of the nose, pharynx, and sinuses swell and product a clear, watery discharge. treatment entails defining and removing the allergy-causing agent.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding sickle cell anemia? It is caused by lack of intrinsic factor and vitamin B12 deficiency. It affects African Americans more than other groups. It causes formation of sickle-shaped RBCs that stick together and block capillaries. It is caused by inadequate iron intake.

affects African Americans more than other groups. It causes formation of sickle-shaped RBCs that stick together and block capillaries

An autoimmune reaction is an immune reaction ______.

against one's own tissues

A(n) ______ is a leukocyte that lacks specific granules in its cytoplasm.

agranulocyte

____ moves past the vocal cords causing them to vibrate to produce sound.

air

Atopic dermatitis is also known as _______ dermatitis

allergic

anaphylaxis

allergic reaction

conditions that increase WBC count beyond the normal range

allergic reactions increase eosinophils typhoid fever, malaria, and tuberculosis, increase the number of monocytes whooping couch and infectious mononucleosis increase the number of lymphocytes

atopic dermatitis

allergic skin infection

Hypersenstitivity to a particular allergen is a(n) ______.

allergy

transplant rejection

alloimmune disorder

In most people, aging causes ________, thinning of the hair, and baldness as the follicles shrink and produce thin, wispy hairs.

alopecia

What type of cells secrete the hormone glucagon?

alpha

Neutrophils

also called polymorphnuclear leukocytes , are normally 55% to 65% of the total WBC count. these cells ingest bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.

chronotropic drug inotropic drug vasoconstrictor drug diuretics lipid-regulating drug

alters the heart rate alters strength of ventricular contractions contracts smooth muscles in blood vessels indirectly affecting heart by stimulating urine production lowers LDLs and/or increases HDLs

What is the terminal element of respiratory tract where gas exchange occurs?

alveolus

Incomplete development of the pathways of vision to the brain is called

amblyopia

Surgical procedures performed in an outpatient facility where an overnight stay is not required are called ________ procedures

ambulatory

Process of removing a limb, part of a limb, a breast, or other projecting part is called ______.

amputation

a graft of your own skin to repair a wound on your body

an autograft

Splenomegaly is ______.

an enlarged spleen

The compounds known as ________ ________ are altered forms of the male hormone testosterone. They are often used illegally by athletes who want a competitive advantage in their chosen sport.

anabolic steroids

An immediate severe allergic reaction is known as ______.

anaphylaxis

an immediate, severe, allergic reaction

anaphylaxis

Male sex steroids secreted at puberty by males and females are called .

androgens

What topical pharmacologic agent is used to relieve pain or itch on the skin's surface?

anesthetics

A radiograph obtained after injection of radiopaque contrast material into the blood vessels is termed ______.

angiogram

Greater detail of the vessels of the eye can be seen with fluorescein ____.

angiography

Immunosuppression in transplant recipients is due to ______.

anti-rejection drugs such as corticosteroids

A substance that has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria and other microorganisms is

antibiotic

In the blood, ______ are present in plasma.

antibodies

______ can be used as quick immunosuppressive therapy.

antibodies

immunoglobulins

antibodies that immobilize, neutralize, and prepare the specific antigen for destruction.

A protein produced in the response to an antigen is a(n) ______.

antibody

protein produced in response to an antigen

antibody

A drug that reduces the susceptibility of a blood clot formation is called a(n) .

anticoagulant

Oral ______ drugs are used for type 2 DM but not type 1 DM.

antidiabetic

An agent that decreases urine production is known as a(n) ______.

antidiuretic

In the blood, ______ are found on the surface of red blood cells.

antigens

The drug used to treat allergy symptoms is ______.

antihistamine

An agent that replaces or inhibits a specific part of a cell's metabolism is a(n)

antimetabolite

wound

any injury that irrupts the continuity of skin

What is the main trunk of the systemic arterial system of the heart?

aorta

The treatment for ______ is to remove the toxin, drug, or radiation source that is causing the inability of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

aplastic anemia

Frequent episodes of gasping for breath, followed by complete cessation of breathing that occurs during sleep, is called obstructive sleep ______.

apnea

The absence of spontaneous respiration is termed ______.

apnea

Lymphocytes

are the smallest white blood cells and comprises 25% to 35% of the total WBC count. lympocytes are produced by red bone marrow and might migrate through the bloodstream to lymphatic tissues - lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus- where they multiply

A condition when the heart rhythm is abnormal is termed ______.

arrhythmia

abnormal cardiac rhythm

arrhythmia or dysrhythmia

Blood pressure is the force blood exerts on ______ walls as it is pumped around the circulatory system by the left ventricle.

arterial

When arteries branch farther away from the heart, they become smaller, muscular vessels called ______.

arterioles

hardening of the arteries

arteriosclerosis

What term means pertaining to or affected by arteriosclerosis?

arteriosclerotic

ASHD

arteriosclerotic heart disease

Thick-walled blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart is termed a(n) ______.

artery

Inflammation of a joint or joints is ______.

arthritis

An exploratory procedure performed using an arthroscope to examine the internal compartments of the knee joint is called a diagnostic ______.

arthroscopy

Two separate bones that have formed a joint is called ______.

articulate

respiratory therapy technicians

assist physicians and RRTs in evaluating, monitoring, and treating patients with respiratory disorders

Tool, software, or hardware to assist in performing daily activities are

assistive devices.

neurogenic shock

associated with damage to the nervous system

Episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways is called ______.

asthma

The term that means pertaining to or suffering from asthma is

asthmatic

In ___, unequal curvatures of the cornea cause unequal focusing and blurred images.

astigmatism

What term describes collapse of part of a lung?

atelectasis

Surgical removal of the atheroma is termed a(n) ______.

atherectomy

tinea pedis

athlete's foot

tinea pedis tinea capitis tinea corporis tinea cruris Candida albicans

athlete's foot ringworm of the scalp ringworm of the body jock itch yeast infection

shell like external ear

auricle

The diagnostic method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope is called

auscultation

something directed at the persons own tissue

auto immune

AIDS is an example of a(n) ______ immunodeficiency disorder.

autoimmune

One characteristic that systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma have in common is that they are both ____________ diseases

autoimmune

Abnormal reactions to one's own tissues are _____

autoimmune disorders

Abnormal reactions to one's own tissues are ______.

autoimmune disorders

A patient who knows he will have surgery can donate his own blood in advance to be used for a postoperative ______ if necessary.

autologous transfusion

The term meaning without a blood supply is

avascular

no blood supply

avascular

The dorsum of the hand is

back of hand

Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming ______.

bacteria

Viruses are smaller than

bacteria

The singular form of the term bacteria is ______.

bacterium

matrix

base

Humoral defense mechanisms

based on antibodies. these are found in body fluids and bind to bacteria, toxins, and extracellular viruses, tagging them for destruction.

Cellular defense mechanisms

based on defensive cells (lymphocytes). These directly attack suspicious cells like cancer cells, transplanted tissue cells, or cells infected with viruses or parasites.

Which cells granules attract a basic blue stain in the laboratory?

basophils

Which WBC's are considered granulocytes?

basophils eosinophils neutrophils

The abbreviation BKA stands for ___ the knee amputation.

below

nasal polyps

benign growths that arising from the mucosa of the nasal cavity or sinus. these can be surgically removed

What type of cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?

beta

tricuspid pulmonary mitral aortic

between right atrium and right ventricle between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk between left atrium and left ventricle between left ventricle and aorta

Process of removing tissue from a living person for laboratory examination is known as ______.

biopsy

A Wood's light is also known as a(n) _____________ light and is used to define the borders of pigmented lesions before excision.

black

comedo

blackhead

The infection of multiple eyelash follicles, characterized by persistent redness of the eyelid's margin with crusting and ulceration, is called

blepharitis

The plastic surgery procedure to repair an eyelid that droops is

blepharoplasty

A drooping eyelid caused by excess skin is called

blepharoptosis

Sagging of the eyelid due to the presence of excess skin is ______.

blepharoptosis

Optic disc is also known as

blind spot

Cononary Circulation

blood circulation of the cardiac muscle. this system of arteries arises directly from the aorta.

transfusion

blood or packed blood cells replaces lost red blood cells to restore the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity

A(n) _____ mineral density screening test uses dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to diagnose and follow osteoporosis.

bone

What type of biopsy is the ultimate way to establish a diagnosis of osteomalacia?

bone

four components of the skeletal system

bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments

basal

bottom

The opposite of tachypnea is ______.

bradypnea

The ______ is the first organ affected by hypoglycemia because its metabolism depends primarily on glucose.

brain

Chronic dilation of the bronchi following inflammatory disease and obstruction is termed ______.

bronchiectasis

Bronchi divide into ______.

bronchioles

Inflammation of the small bronchioles is called ______.

bronchiolitis

Acute inflammation of the walls of smaller bronchioles with spread to lung parenchyma is termed ______.

bronchopneumonia

Examination of the interior of the tracheobronchial tree with an endoscope is called ______.

bronchoscopy

Which are the Greek terms for windpipe?

bronchus trachea

A closed sac containing synovial fluid is called ______.

bursa

Inflammation of one of the lubricating sacs of the rotator cuff is called

bursitis

What is another name for the heel bone?

calcaneus

rhinitis

called coryza, inflammation of the nose

Hodgkin's lymphoma

cancer spreads in an orderly manner to adjoining lymph nodes

A tube inserted into a blood vessel or cavity as a channel for fluid or gas is called a(n) ______.

cannula

A minute blood vessel between the arterial and venous systems is called a(n) ______.

capillary

most common conditions leading to CHF CVSAC

cardiac ischemia valvular regurgitation severe hypertension aortic stenosis cardiomyopathy

Myocardium

cardiac muscle cells that contract and enable your heart to pump blood.

A medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of the heart is called a(n) ______.

cardiologist

enlargement of the heart

cardiomegaly

disease of the heart muscle

cardiomyopathy

Restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electric shock or medications is termed ______.

cardioversion

Inflammation of the tendon synovial sheaths on the back of the wrist arising from repetitive movements such as computer keyboard operations is called ______ tunnel syndrome.

carpal

Which wrist disorder causes pins and needles in the hand, weakness of the thumb side of the hand, and thenar muscle atrophy?

carpal tunnel syndrome

The small bones of the wrist are called ______.

carpals

Name a hollow tube that allows passage of fluid into or out of a body cavity, organ, or vessel.

catheter

Eitiology

cause of disease

anaphylactic shock

caused by severe allergic reaction

septic shock

caused by severe infection

A device to scar, burn, or cut a tissue is termed ______.

cautery

ear wax

cerumen

Granules are the site for ______ and enzyme production.

chemical

A type of therapeutic treatment using anticancer drugs is ______.

chemotherapy

angina pectoris

chest pain that results when the myocardium does not get enough oxygen

vascular layer behind the retina

choroid

Psoriasis

chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

The Latin term for collarbone is ______.

clavicle

The curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle is called the ______.

clavicle

plasma

clear, yellowish liquid that is 91% water - makes up the remaining 55% of the blood sample in the tube. plasma is a colloid, a liquid that contains floating particles, most of which are plasma proteins.

A mass of fibrin and cells that is produced in a wound is called a(n)

clot

An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents.

clotting

Aggulation

clumping of red blood cells

The term that means blood clotting disorder is _____.

coagulopathy

Which bacterial species is part of the normal flora of the GI tract?

coliform

Thirty percent of the protein in the body is ____, which is why collagen diseases have widespread effects throughout the body.

collagen

The Ishihara color system is used to detect red-green and other types of

color blindness

The Ishihara color system is used to detect deficits in _____.

color vision

CBC is an abbreviation that stands for ______.

complete blood count

Immunodeficiency caused by a genetic abnormality is called a(n) ______.

congenital disorder

The disorder of the heart that occurs when the heart is unable to supply enough cardiac output to meet the body's metabolic needs and the blood backs up to congest the lungs is called ______ heart failure.

congestive

"Pink eye" is the lay term for

conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the lining of the inner eyelids is

conjunctivitis

endocardium

connective tissue lining to inner part of your heart

scabies

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite

Granulocytes

contain cytoplasmic granules, made up of granules, which are sites for enzyme and chemical production

Agrenulocytes

contain no cytoplasmic granules

To cause the presence of an infection agent to be on any surface is to ____ it.

contaminate

The presence of an infectious agent on any surface is known as

contamination

The Latin term muscle is tissue consisting of cells that can

contract

Systolic

contraction

When a skeletal muscle ______, it shortens and pulls one bone closer to another, generating body movement.

contracts

A(n) ____ is muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis.

contracture

Physical therapists help recent amputees stretch the joints above the amputation to prevent __________ of the joints.

contractures, contracture, or tightening

A surface that is evenly curved outward

convex

The central, transparent part of the outer coat of the eye covering the iris and the pupil is the

cornea

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex is called a(n) ______.

corticosteroid

Surgical procedures that alter or improve the appearance of one's face or body are called ________ procedures

cosmic

tinea capitis

cradle cap

a muscle _______ is a sudden, short, painful contraction of a muscle or group of muscles.

cramp

The congenital form of thyroid deficiency that severely retards mental and physical growth is ______.

cretinism

Infection of the upper airways in children characterized by a barking cough is termed ______.

croup

The Old English term for to cry out loud is ______.

croup

What is another term for laryngotracheobronchitis?

croup

scab

crust that forms over a wound or sore during healing

Liquid nitrogen is used in ___ which causes the affected area of skin to peel or scab.

cryotherapy

pertaining to the skin

cutaneous

The term keratomileusis refers to

cutting and shaping the cornea.

An abnormal fluid-filled sac is called a(n)

cyst

The appearance of a(n) __________ __________ in one's peripheral vision is often caused by a partial retinal detachment.

dark shadow

cadaver

dead body

treatment used to remove eschar

debridement

An agent that reduces the swelling and fluid in the nose and sinuses is termed ______.

decongestant

Neutopenia

decrease in neutrophils

An instrument used for the restoration of normal cardiac activity in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias is termed ______.

defibrillator

The lubricant of the pleural cavity enables the lungs to expand and ______ with minimal friction.

deflate

What is the large, fan-shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus?

deltoid

Inflammation that produces swollen, red, and itch skin is known as ____.

dermatitis

What is the medical specialty concerned with disorders of the skin?

dermatology

connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis

dermis

cardiac catheterization

detects blood pressure and flow patterns of the heart. a tube is inserted into a vein or artery and is then threaded into the heart under x-ray guidance

Excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate antiduretic hormone production is known as ______.

diabetes insipidus

A metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and/or ineffectiveness is ______.

diabetes mellitus

Retinopathy occurs in 50% of ________ patients

diabetic

The term that means sweat, perspiration, or sweaty is ______.

diaphoresis

The muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities is the ______.

diaphragm

What diagnostic procedure uses a finger or microscope slide pressed against a lesion to see if it blanches?

diascopy

Stretching or enlarging and opening of a structure is termed

dilation

cellular immunity

direct form of defense based on the actions of lymphocytes to attack foreign and diseased cells to destroy them.

the bodies ability to distinguish different things

discrimination

Because the shoulder joint is very unstable, it is prone to ______.

dislocation

Streptokinase is a drug that ______.

dissolve blood clots

Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system fails to ______.

distinguish self antigens from foreign antigens

Normally, maternal and fetal blood ______.

do not mix during pregnancy

Autolongous

donation and transfusion occur when people donate their own blood ahead of time to be given back to them if necessary during procedure.

pericardium

double layered connective tissue sac that surrounds and protects the heart.

rests at the inner end of the external auditory canal

eardrum

ultrasound recording of heart function

echocardiography

Excessive accumulation of fluid in cells and tissue is termed ______.

edema

The Greek term for swelling is ______.

edema

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.

efferent lymphatic vessels

The forearm is bigger nearer the ___________ because that is where the bulk of the forearm muscles are located.

elbow

Who are often at risk for pressure ulcers because their skin is usually thin and dry?

elderly

Which of the following tests can confirm Cushing syndrome?

elevated cortisol levels in 24 hour urine suppression of cortisol production by the synthetic steroid dexamethasone elevated cortisol levels in saliva

What is the Greek term for plug or stopper?

embolus

Inflammation of the lining of the heart

endocarditis

A medical specialist in endocrinology is called a(n) ______.

endocrinologist

The term that means pertaining to being inside the trachea is ______.

endotracheal

Nasal smears check the amount of ______ in the nose.

eosinophils

three layers of the heart

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium and pericardium

When food is swallowed, the tongue pushes down the ______ to close the glottis and direct food into the esophagus behind it.

epiglottis

the spoon-shaped ___________ guards the glottis

epiglottis

Another term for nosebleed is ______.

epistaxis

medical term for nosebleed

epistaxis

Another name for hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is ______.

erythroblastosis fetalis

Anemia is a deficiency of ______.

erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood

Aplastic anemia occurs when the bone marrow cannot produce ______.

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

The term that describes normal breathing is ______.

eupnea

connects the middle ear and nasopharynx

eustachian tube

A condition in which the spleen removes blood components at a(n) ______ rate is hypersplenism.

excessive

Functions of the respiratory system

exchange of gases - Allows oxygen from the air to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to leave the blood and enter the air regulation of blood pH -Occurs by changing carbon dioxide levels in the blood protection - Protects against foreign bodies and against some microorganisms voice production - Movement of air across the vocal cords olfaction - 12 million receptor cells for smell

What is the medical term that means to pass waste products of metabolism out of the body?

excrete

cardiac stress testing

exercise tolerance test to raise your heart rate and monitor the effect on cardiac function

The term for protrusion of the eyeball is ______.

exophthalmos

the ________ eye muscles are attached to the outside of the eye.

extrinsic

The root in the term blepharoplasty means ______.

eyelid

The bones of the ______ skeleton provide a frame on which the muscles and other tissues of the face facilitate eating, facial expressions, breathing, and speech.

facial

Excess production of steroid hormones produce "moon" ______.

facies

True or false: Using anabolic steroids is a harmless way to quickly increase one's muscle mass and strength.

false

A sheet of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds a muscle is

fascia

Fibromyalgia is a muscle disorder characterized by widespread _______, chronic ________, and depression

fatigue, pain

The stringy, sticky protein that forms during the final step in blood coagulation is ______.

fibrin

The disorder that causes widespread muscle pain, chronic fatigue, and depression is

fibromyalgia.

Tendons and fascia are both made of

fibrous connective tissue.

Latin for clasp or buckle

fibula

The smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

fibula

functions of lymph nodes

filter impurities from the lymph and alert the immune system to the presence of pathogens

sunburn high voltage electrical injury scald house fire with flame contact

first-degree burn fourth-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn

Each lobe of the lung is separated from the others by ______.

fissures

A stump that is swollen or misshapen will prevent

fitting for a prosthesis.

A dye that produces a vivid green color under blue light to diagnose corneal abrasions and foreign bodies in the eye is termed

fluorescein

Restorative rehabilitation .

focuses on regaining a lost function.

Maintenance rehabilitation

focuses on slowing the loss of function

FSH LH TSH ACTH PRL GH

follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone prolactin growth hormone

The plural form of the term that means an opening through a structure is _____.

foramina

lymphatic capillaries converge to

form the larger lymphatic collecting vessels, which resemble small veins and have one way valves.

The ventral surface of a body part is on the same side as

front side the belly.

A(n) _____ examination of the retina can be used to examine the optic disc, which is where the optic nerve exits the eye.

fundoscopic

The use of an ophthalmoscope to examine the fundus of the eye and the optic nerve

fundoscopy

The part located the farthest from the opening of a hollow organ is the _____.

fundus

A fluid-filled swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon is known as a(n) .

ganglion

Iron-deficiency anemia can be caused by ______.

gastrointestinal bleeding

the upper opening into the larynx from the oropharynx is called

glottis

The final product of carbohydrate digestion and the main sugar in the blood is ______.

glucose

Benign enlargement of the thyroid gland is known as ______.

goiter

Any hormone that stimulates the gonada function is know as ______.

gonadotropin

The first tissue to form, three or four days after injury when new capillaries invade the wound, is

granulation tissue.

The class of leukocytes that contains multiple small granules in its cytoplasm is ______.

granulocytes

types of white blood cells

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Inguinal lymph nodes are located in the ______.

groin

alopecia

hair loss

Which of the following is the most important factor in preventing the spread of infection?

hand washing

congestive heart failure (CHF)

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood, blood backs up to congest the lungs

When a bone is fractured, a(n) ______ is formed by the blood vessels bleeding into the fracture site.

hematoma

Which are true regarding pernicious anemia? red cell size decreases hemoglobin concentration decreases number of red cells decreases hemoglobin concentration increases red cell size increases number of red cells increases

hemoglobin concentration decreases number of red cells decreases red cell size increases

main component of RBCs

hemoglobin, which gives cells the red color. HB is composed of the iron-containing pigment heme bound to a protein called globin. the rest of the red blood cell consists of the cell membrane, water, electrolytes, and enzymes

Anemia that results from the destruction of normal and abnormal RBCs is ______.

hemolytic anemia.

A hereditary disorder called ______ is an inherited deficiency of clotting factor VIII.

hemophilia

Hemophilia

hemophilia A, is a disease males inherit from their mothers. it results from a deficiency of the coagulation factor named factor VIII.

Bloody sputum is called ______.

hemoptysis

Blood in the pleural cavity is called ______.

hemothorax

Reflex spasms of the diaphragm are called ______.

hiccups

Which of the following are symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

high blood calcium levels kidney stones calcium depletion in bones

spleen

highly vascular and spongy organ, is the largest lymphatic organ.

What type of joint between the humerus and the ulna bone of the forearm allows flexion and extension of the elbow?

hinge

A common football-related injury is a blow to the rim of the pelvis that leads to bruising of the bone and surrounding tissues called ______ pointer.

hip

The ______ joint is a ball-and-socket mechanism formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum.

hip

Allergic reaction symptoms such as mucus hypersecretion, congestion, watery eyes, and urticaria are triggered by the release of ______ from immune system cells.

histamine

The substance released from immune cells and injured tissues that causes many allergy symptoms is ______.

histamine

wheal

hive

Urticaria is the medical term for the word ______.

hives

A concave surface is

hollowed out

The pituitary glands hormones maintain the body's ______.

homeostasis

An infected eyelash follicle is a(n) ______.

hordeolum stye

A chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the bloodstream to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ is called a(n) ______.

hormone

Excess carbon dioxide

hypercapnia

High level of glucose (sugar) in the blood is called ______.

hyperglycemia

The basic principle of diabetes treatment is to avoid ______.

hyperglycemia hypoglycemia

Excessive levels of parathyroid hormone is known as ______.

hyperparathyroidism

An exaggerated, abnormal response to an antigen is known as a(n) ______ reaction, or allergic reaction.

hypersensitivity

an allergic reaction is one of

hypersensitivity

Excessive production of thyroid hormone is known as ______.

hyperthyroidism

Exercise or weightlifting causes _____ in muscles.

hypertrophy

Growth of a tissue by cellular enlargement is called ______. Shrinkage of a tissue is known as _____.

hypertrophy; atrophy

Low level of glucose (sugar) in the blood is called ______.

hypoglycemia

Which of the following results aid in the diagnosis of Addison disease?

hyponatremia hypoglycemia hypercalcemia

An endocrine gland in the floor and wall of the third ventricle of the brain is known as ______.

hypothalamus

bones of the hip

ilium, ischium, pubis

The state of being able to resist a specific infectious disease is ______.

immunity

The varicella vaccine confers ______ from chickenpox upon those who are vaccinated with it.

immunity

A preventive method of stimulating the immune system against a specific pathogen, without exposing a person to the disease, is ______.

immunization

Administration of an agent to provide immunity is called ______.

immunization

Humoral immunity is mediated by ______.

immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Types of physicians who specialize in immune system disorders are _____.

immunologists allergists

Substance that causes failure of the immune system

immunosuppressive

earwax blocking the external canal

impacted

Nosocomial infections are acquired ______.

in a hospital

physical defense mechanisms

include your skin and mucus membranes; chemicals present in your saliva, perspiration, and tears; hairs in your nostrils; and cilia and mucus to protect your lungs.

Neutrophilia

increase in neutrophils

The process of developing an infection is called ______.

incubation

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are related to _______ living and include managing money, driving, and cooking.

independent

humoral immunity

indirect form of attack that employs antibodies produced by plasma cells, which have been developed by B-cells. the antibodies bind to an antigen and tag it to destruction.

An area of cell death resulting from a sudden blockage of an artery is termed a(n) ______.

infarct

sudden blockage of an artery

infarction

sinusitis

infection of paranasal sinuses, also following an upper respiratory infection. it can also be part of an allergic response. it can be treated with antibiotics and decongestants.

Epiglottitis

inflammation of the epiglottis. it can cause acute airway obstruction, which requires a tube to be inserted into the windpipe. (intubation)

lymphadenitis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

laryngitis

inflammation of the mucous lining of the larynx

macrophages that have developed from monocytes

ingest and destroy antigens antigen, tissue debris, bacteria, and other foreign matter (phagocytes).

The Greek term intrinsic means on the ____ side.

inner

What is the term for breathing air and its gases into the body?

inspiration

The hormone produced by the Islet cells of the pancreas is known as ______.

insulin

The medical term for the organ system that covers the body is _____. It includes the skin and accessory structures.

integument

Two substances that are incompatible will ______.

interfere with each other physiologically

The injection approach used to test for exposure to tuberculosis (TB) is

intradermal

A tonometer is used to measure

intraocular pressure.

The colored portion of the eye with the pupil in its center is the

iris

Inadequate dietary intake of iron and heavy menstrual periods can cause ______.

iron-deficiency anemia

statin

is a class of drug used to lower blood cholesterol levels.

congenital (inborn) disorders acquired immunosuppression

is often sex-linkedCaused by a genetic abnormality that is often sex-linked Results from infection with a virus the immune response caused by medication that inhibits the immune response

cardiac arrest

is the sudden cessation of cardiac activity that results from anoxia (lack of oxygen in the body's tissues). a person in cardiac arrest have no heartbeat or pulse

The term that means lack of blood supply to a tissue is ______.

ischemia

When the blood supply is cut off to tissue, such as the heart, it is called ______.

ischemia

Scattered throughout the pancreas are clusters of endocrine cells grouped around blood vessels called ______.

islets of Langerhans

The skin cancer that is common in AIDS patients is ______.

kaposi sarcoma

What is the term for a tough, scaly protein that is also the basis for your hair and nails?

keratin

Moisture is secreted by the nasal mucosa and from tears that drain into the nasal cavity through the nasal ________ duct.

lacrimal

Macrocytes are abnormally ______.

large red blood cells

Which are characteristics of monocytes?

large white blood cells cell containing a single nucleus

The thymus gland starts out ______ in children and over time ______ in size.

large; decreases

monocytes

largest blood cells and are normally 3% to 8% of the total WBC count. monocytes leave the bloodstream and become macrophages that ingest bacteria, dead neutrophilis, and dead cells in the tissues.

One of the major roles of the ______ is producing sounds through the vocal cords.

larynx

the flow of inhaled air moves from your pharynx to your

larynx

One of the major roles of the ______ is to maintain an open passage for the movement of air to and from the trachea.

larynx voice box

LASIK is a type of ______ that is used to treat myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

laser surgery

What side of the heart pumps blood through the systemic circulation?

left

bicuspid valve is located on what side of the body

left

The two eye structures that refract light

lens cornea

the lymphatic capillaries are designed to

let interstitial fluid enter so it can become a lymph

lymphatic capillaries

let interstitial fluid enter so it can become a lymph.

The term for pertaining to an abnormal drowsiness in depth or length of time is known as ______.

lethargic

An abnormally high white blood cell count is called ______.

leukocytosis

What are small, wingless, blood-sucking parasites that produce the disease pediculosis?

lice

nits

lice eggs

With a sprain it is a(n) _____ that is stretched or torn, often in the ankle, knee, or wrist.

ligament

how is the heart shaped?

like a blunt cone, pointing down to the left.

blood is a type of connective tissue that consists of cells contained in a

liquid matrix

TSH levels in the blood are ______ if the gland is overactive.

low

What are the main organs of respiration and are located in the thoracic cavity?

lungs

The small structures that receive lymph from lymphatic vessels and filter impurities from it are ______.

lymph nodes

the lymphatic network begins with

lymphatic capillaries that are closed ended tubes nestled among blood capillary networks.

lymphatic trunks merge into

lymphatic ducts- the thoracic duck on the left and the lymphatic duct on the right, which enter into the veins beneath the collarbone, the subclavian veins

dense clusters of lymphocytes and other cells

lymphatic follicles - found in tonsils and ileum

collecting vessels merge into

lymphatic trunks

Cellular defense of the body against pathogens is mediated by ______, which directly attack the foreign invaders.

lymphocytes

tonsils and adenoids form

lymphocytes and antibodies, trap bacteria and viruses, and drain them into the tonsillar lymph nodes for elimination.

The yellowish spot on the back of the retina is the

macula lutea

A disorder of the retina that results in vision loss in the center of the visual field is

macular degeneration

Varicella Zoster Virus causes chickenpox

macules - small, flat spots with different colors surrounding the skin papules - small, solid evaluations Vesicles - small sacs containing fluid

functions of blood

maintain homeostasis transports vitamins, nutrients, and minerals like glucose and amino acids transports waste products like creatinie, urea, bilirubin, and lactic acid transports hormones like insulin and thyoxine transports gases like o2 and co2 protects against foreign substances, including microorganisms and toxins forms clots

Rehabilitation to slow or prevent the loss of function is called _______________ rehabilitation

maintenance

Which of the following is a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes?

malaria

Retinoblastoma is

malignant neoplasm of primitive retinal cells.

lymphoma

malignant tumor (neoplasm) of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

clot

mass of fibrin and cells produced in a wound

The specific structure where each hair cell originates within the follicle is the .

matrix or base

skin tests blood test matches Choice, challenge test

measures the level of IgE antibodies in response to allergens injected under the skinmeasures the level of IgE antibodies in response to allergens injected under the skin measures the levels of IgE antibodies to specific allergens in the bloodmeasures the levels of IgE antibodies to specific allergens in the blood very small amounts of allergens are administered by mouth or by inhalationvery small amounts of allergens are administered by mouth or by inhalation

The area between the lungs, containing the heart, esophagus and larynx, is called the ______.

mediastinum

Lentigos appear in sun-exposed areas of aging skin because

melanocytes enlarge and the epidermis is thinner.

A hormone formed by the pineal gland is called ______.

melatonin

The hormone secreted at night by the pineal gland that helps to regulate sleep and wake cycles is called ______.

melatonin

The most common eye cancers in adults are

metastases from lung or breast cancer.

spread of disease from one part of the body to another

metastasis

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer because it does not _____ (spread to elsewhere in the body).

metastasize

What is the term that means pertaining to the character of cells that can metastasize?

metastatic

Agents that cause pupillary constriction

miotic

Spontaneous expulsion of the embryo or fetus and all structures of pregnancy before fetal viability is ______.

miscarriage

antigens

molecules that exist on the surfaces of red blood cells.

Primary or essential hypertension

most common type of hypertension, its etiology is idiopathic (unknown)

Hemophilia is a disease males inherit from their ______.

mother

Functions of skeletal muscle

movement, posture, body heat, respiration, communication

What is the medical term involving health care providers from more than one profession?

multidisciplinary

A tissue consisting of cells that can contract is _____.

muscle

pharynx

muscular funnel that receives air from the nasal cavity, and food and drink from the oral cavity.

An agent that dilates the pupil is a(n) ___________ substance

mydriatic

A person who cannot see distant objects suffers from

myopia

If your eyeball is too long, you suffer from

myopia or nearsighted

The term for severe hypothyroidism is ______.

myxedema

The term form nonpitting, waxy edema of the skin in hypothyroidism is ______.

myxedema

When air in breathed in through the nose, the air goes through the ___________ into the nasal cavity.

nares

The term stenosis means

narrowing of a passage.

The passage from the lacrimal sac to the nose is the ____ duct.

nasolacrimal

Three regions of the pharynx

nasopharynx - located at the back of the nose and above the soft palate and uvula. only air moves through this region oropharynx - located at the back of the mouth, and below the soft palate and above the epiglottis. air food and drink all pass through this region. laryngopharynx - located below the tip pf the epiglottis. it is the pathway to the esophagus. only food and drink pass through this

For ___ vision exam, the patient reads a standard Jaeger reading card at a distance of 14 inches.

near

A device used to deliver liquid medicine in a fine mist is called a(n) ______.

nebulizer

Where are lymph nodes concentrated?

neck, axilla, groin

Pathologic death of cells or tissue

necrosis

greek for death

necrosis

A person who is Rh-______ lacks the Rh antigen on their RBCs.

negative

A new tumor, whether it is benign or malignant, is called a(n) ______.

neoplasm

The term for any disease of the kidney is ______.

nephropathy

Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are ______ (in the nerve and muscle) in nature.

neuromuscular

Diabetic ______ causes sensory defects with numbness, tingling, and paresthesias in the feet and/or hands.

neuropathy

A birthmark caused by abnormal pigmentation or proliferation of blood vessels is a(n) ______.

nevus

granulation

new fibrous tissue formed during wound healing

pulseless non-breather (PNB)

no pulse, not breathing

Nystagmus is a Greek term for ______.

nodding

A circumscribed mass of tissue is called a(n) ______.

node

sinus rhythm

normal heart rhythm

sinus rhythm

normal heart rhythm. 60-80 beats per minute

Eosinophils

normally 2% to 4% the total WBC count. they leave the bloodstream to enter tissue that is undergoing an allergic response. during an allergic reactive, the number and percentage of eosinophilis increase.

Basephils

normally less than 1% of the total WBC count. basophilis migrate to damaged tissues to release histamine (which increases blood flow) and heparin (which prevents blood clotting).

respiratory tract elements

nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi and bronchioles alveoli

The root in the terms atrophy and hypertrophy means

nourishment

what is dissolved in plasma for transportation

nutrients, waste products, hormones, and enzymes are dissolved in plasma for transportation

Fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyeballs is known as

nystagmus

The Latin term for to hide is ______.

occult

What is the disorder that occurs to the shoulder when the ball of the humerus slips out of the scapula's socket, usually anteriorly?

Dislocation

abreviation for electrocardiogram

ECG EKG

electromyography MRI muscle biopsy ESR MSA

Electrode needles record electrical activity in a muscle as it contracts and relaxes Imaging technique used to visualize soft tissue injuries A sample of muscle tissue is removed and analyzed in the laboratory Nonspecific blood test to detect the presence of inflammation in the body Blood test to detect the presence of myositis-specific antibodies

What hormones secreted by the adrenal glands prepare the body for physical activity and are responsible for the "flight or fight" response?

Epinephrine Norepinephrine Adrenaline

obstructive sleep apnea pharyngitis tonsillitis nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Episodes of gasping for breath, followed by complete cessation of breathing Acute or chronic infection involving the pharynx, tonsils, and uvula Usually a viral infection of the tonsils in the oropharynx Rare form of cancer that occurs mostly in males between the ages of 50 and 60

physical therapists physical therapist assistants orthopedic technologists podiatrists

Evaluate and treat pain, disease, or injury by physical therapeutic measures as opposed to medical or surgical measures Work under the direction of a physical therapist to assist patients with their physical therapy Assist orthopedic surgeons in treating patients Practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot

Most of the pancreas is what type of gland?

Exocrine

What is the medical term for bulging of the eyes that is a symptom of Graves disease?

Exophthalmos

Which organization approves treatment options for osteoporosis?

FDA

palpitations

Feeling a heart-racing, pounding, or fluttering sensation in the chest

Which of the movements are performed by the muscles of your forearm?

Forearm supination Wrist extension Wrist flexion Medial and lateral hand movement

maxillary palatine zygomatic lacrimal nasal mandible

Form the upper jaw, hold the upper teeth, and are hollow, forming the maxillary sinuses Located behind the maxilla and cannot be seen on a lateral view of the skull The prominences of the cheeks (cheekbones) below the eyes Form the medial wall of each orbit Form the sides and bridge of the nose Lower jawbone, which holds the lower teeth

Macrophages

Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.

What pituitary therapeutic procedure delivers a single high dose radiation beam?

Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery

Which of the following techniques involve drawing a sample of blood for laboratory analysis?

Genetic testing MSA Creatine kinase levels ESR

What is the upper opening into the larynx from the oropharynx called?

Glottis

______ is the pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels.

Glucagon

______ stimulate cells to secrete cytokines.

Glucocorticoids

______ is an organ that produces sex cells; a testis or an ovary.

Gonad

Hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter is called ______.

Graves disease

______ is an infection that causes severe gastrointestinal distress. It can colonize the gut when broad spectrum antibiotics destroy normal gut flora.

Clostridium difficile

Identify the two ways in which the blood provides protection to the body.

Clotting to prevent blood loss from damaged vessels Recognition and destruction of microorganisms by immune cells

Which bacteria are normal flora that become infectious pathogens in other parts of the body?

Coliform Staphylococcus

What is a common fracture of the radius that occurs just above the wrist joint?

Colles

What diagnostic procedure is a computer-generated angiography of the pulmonary circulation using contrast materials?

Computed tomography

What do the abbreviations CAT or CT stand for?

Computed tomography

Long Short Flat Irregular

Considerably longer than they are wide, like the main bones of the limbs, palms, soles, fingers, and toes Nearly as long as they are wide, like the patella (kneecap) and the bones of the wrist and ankles Like the bones of the skull and ribs Like the bones in the vertebrae

What functions does the thyroid hormones perform?

Controls the speed of the body's chemical functions known as the metabolic rate. Stimulate almost every tissue in the body to produce proteins. Increases the amount of oxygen that cells use.

Name the blood circulation of the heart.

Coronary circulation

hormones secreted by the adrenal glands that help regulate blood glucose in times of stress.

Cortisol Glucocorticoids Hydrocortisone

What is the term for an inflammation of nasal mucosa, which is usually viral?

Coryza Rhinitis

What type of surgery uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and kill cancer cells?

Cryosurgery

Hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland is known as ______.

Cushing syndrome

With what disease is adrenocortical hyperfunction most commonly seen?

Cushing syndrome

The skin synthesizes vitamin _____, which is important for bone health.

D

___ fillers help to diminish facial lines and wrinkles by restoring subcutaneous volume and fullness to the face as subcutaneous fat is lost in the natural aging process.

Dermal

What are two things that are absorbed by the lymphatic system?

Dietary lipids from the intestines Excess interstitial fluid

Which of the following is NOT a function of immunoglobulins?

Directly destroying a pathogen

Which characteristic of the immune system enables it to recognize self versus non-self molecules?

Discrimination