Medical Terminology - Module 11: Cardiovascular System

The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of muscle is the:

Myocardium

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lung to the left atrium is called the:

Pulmonary vein

The combining form sphygm/o means:

Pulse

The force of the blood being ejected from the heart causes a regular expansion and contraction of the arterial walls, called the:

Pulse

The combining form thromb/o means:

Clot

The three major types of blood vessels in the body are the ________, ________, and ________.

arteries, veins, capillaries

The medical term for a small artery is _________.

arteriole

A(n) ___________ pacemaker enables ventricles to beat together in synchrony so that more blood is pumped out of the heart.

biventricular

Systole is the rhythmic ________ phase of the cardiac cycle.

contraction

The treatment for acute attacks of angina is:

Nitroglycerin

The _____ brings oxygen-poor blood into the heart from the upper parts of the body.

superior vena cava

The valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the __________ valve.

tricuspid

Duplex ultrasound is:

A combination of Doppler and conventional ultrasound

The combining form aort/o means:

Aorta

The medical term for the condition of hardening of the arteries is ___________.

Arteriosclerosis

The two upper chambers of the heart are the __________, and the two lower chambers are the __________.

atria, ventricles

A disease condition in which the heart is unable to pump the necessary amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic requirements is called _____________, which is abbreviated ___.

Congestive Heart Failure, CHF

The combining form arter/o means:

Artery

Formation of fatty deposits on the inner lining of the coronary arteries is:

Atherosclerosis

A small hole in the wall between the atria is called a(n) _____________, which is abbreviated ___.

Atrial Septal Defect, ASD

AF is the abbreviation for:

Atrial fibrillation

________ is a cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by rapid, regular contractions.

Atrial flutter

AV is the abbreviation for:

Atrioventricular

The area of specialized cardiac tissue that receives the cardiac impulse from the sinoatrial node is the:

Atrioventricular node

The combining form atri/o means:

Atrium

Blood vessels that permit oxygen and nutrients to exchange with carbon dioxide and waste materials are called:

Capillaries

Beaming magnetic waves at the heart to produce an image and obtain information about heart and large vessel pathology is called:

Cardiac MRI

Introducing a thin, flexible tube into a vein or artery and guiding it into the heart to detect pressures and patterns of blood flow is:

Cardiac catheterization

Compression of the heart caused by collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity is:

Cardiac tamponade

A congenital defect characterized by a narrowing of the aorta is called:

Coarctation of the aorta

Cramplike pain in the calf muscles caused by exercise and relieved by rest is called:

Intermittent claudication

Deficient blood supply to the myocardium is:

Ischemia

________ means decreased blood flow.

Ischemia

Heart valves are necessarily designed to:

Keep the blood flowing in one direction

The cause of essential hypertension is:

Not readily apparent or known

PCI is the abbreviation for:

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

The saclike membrane surrounding the heart is the:

Pericardium

Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs is:

Peripheral arterial disease

Small, pinpoint hemorrhages are called:

Petechiae

PAC is the abbreviation for:

Premature Atrial Contraction(s)

PVC is the abbreviation for:

Premature Ventricular Contraction(s)

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever is called:

Rheumatic heart disease

The combining form valvul/o means:

Valve

Damaged or incompetent venous valves that fail to prevent backward flow of blood can lead to the development of:

Varicose veins

The combining form ven/o means:

Vein

___________ is a serious cardiac arrhythmia that can result in sudden cardiac arrest.

Ventricular fibrillation

Focusing sound waves on a blood vessel to measure the velocity of blood flow is:

Doppler ultrasound

________graphy is the use of high-frequency sound waves to show the structure and movement of the heart muscle.

Echocardio (Echocardiography)

Using high-frequency sound waves to show the structure and movement of the heart chambers and valves is:

Echocardiography

The combining form ather/o means:

Fatty substance

Rapid, random, inefficient contraction of the atria or ventricles is called:

Fibrillation

The combining form coron/o means:

Heart

Which diagnostic test records extended electrical activity of the heart during both rest and activity?

Holter monitor

After 3 months of regular measurement, Mr. Jackson's blood pressure ranges between 170/90 and 180/100. Mr. Jackson's blood pressure is indicative of:

Hypertension

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart that occurs when microorganisms invade its surface is called ________itis.

endocard (endocarditis)

Hyper___________ means increased cholesterol in the blood.

cholesterolemia (Hypercholesterolemia)

Extremely rapid and irregular contractions of the heart muscle are called _________.

fibrillation

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias that make you aware of your heartbeat are known as ____________.

palpitations

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart is called ________itis.

pericard (pericarditis)

The condition inspiring the name "blue babies" due to the bluish cast of the skin from lack of adequate oxygen in the blood is ________.

cyanosis

The electrical impulse that triggers the contraction of the heart muscle originates in the __________ node, which is abbreviated __ node.

sinoatrial, SA

The instrument used to measure blood pressure is called a ________ometer.

sphygmoman (Sphygmomanometer)

The instrument used to listen to the chest sounds is called a(n) ___________.

stethoscope

The circuit that the blood follows from the heart to the body's tissues and back is called __________ circulation.

systemic

As blood enters the right atrium from the venae cavae, it flows next through the __________, __________, and __________.

tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve

The blocking of a coronary artery by a clot is called:

Thrombotic occlusion

An ICD is a:

Device implanted in the chest that can sense and correct arrhythmias

A(n) _____________ test is used to find evidence of a heart attack.

cardiac biomarker

The surgical joining of vessel grafts to existing coronary arteries to maintain blood supply to the myocardium is:

(CABG) Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

The technique of using a heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during heart surgery is:

(ECMO) Extracorporeal Circulation or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

All of the following measures help establish a diagnosis of CAD except:

(PCI) Percutaneous coronary intervention

This nuclear scanning technique can detect ischemia and myocardial function:

(PET) Positron Emission Tomography

Catheter delivery of a high-frequency current to damage a small part of the heart muscle to reverse an abnormal heart rhythm is:

(RFA) Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

ACS is the abbreviation for:

Acute coronary syndrome

Chest pain secondary to oxygen deprivation to the myocardium is:

Angina pectoris

Injecting radiopaque dye to obtain x-ray visualization of the heart and large blood vessels is:

Angiography

Radiographic imaging of the large blood vessels after the injection of radiopaque dye is called:

Angiography

When a blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb, the condition is called:

Deep vein thrombosis

The application of brief electrical discharges across the chest to stop ventricular fibrillation is:

Defibrillation

___________ is (are) used to treat arrhythmias.

Digoxin

This diagnostic imaging procedure can identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries.

Electron beam computed tomography

________ectomy is the excision of fatty deposits from the innermost lining of an artery.

Endarter (Endarterectomy)

Removal of plaques or fatty deposits from the innermost lining of an artery is called:

Endarterectomy

_____ is a type of MRI that produces very detailed images of blood vessels.

Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)

MVP is the abbreviation for:

Mitral valve prolapse

_____________, which is abbreviated ___, refers to the condition in which the valve between the left atrium and ventricle becomes enlarged and protrudes into the left atrium during systole.

Mitral valve prolapse, MVP

Advanced atherosclerosis could likely lead to:

Myocardial infarction

The medical term for interrupted blood flow that kills myocardial tissue is called:

Myocardial infarction

Mr. Smithson is diagnosed with a complete (third-degree) AV heart block. To restore normal rhythm, the cardiothoracic surgeon schedules Mr. Smithson for insertion of a:

Pacemaker

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias are:

Palpitations

A congenital heart disease in which the blood flows from the aorta into the pulmonary artery through a small opening is called:

Patent ductus arteriosus

The abnormality that refers to the intermittent ischemic attacks that affect arterioles of the skin is:

Raynaud disease

A tube that is meshlike or slotted and used to prevent vessel obstruction is a(n):

Stent

A nuclear imaging test done to assess the function of the heart and cardiac output is a(n):

Technetium-99m sestamibi scan

Blocking of an artery by a blood clot is:

Thrombotic occlusion

TAVR stands for:

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

A(n) __________ is the widening of a weakened portion of an arterial wall.

aneurysm

In systemic circulation, blood flows to the ________ after it leaves the left side of the heart.

aorta

The largest artery in the body is the _________.

aorta

With ________ congestive heart failure, fluid backs up in the lungs and other parts of the body.

diastolic

A __________ is an abnormal, prolonged heart sound caused by incomplete closure of heart valves.

murmur

Mrs. Thompson is scheduled for same-day surgery. Her resting blood pressure is 112/78. The ________ pressure of this reading is 112.

systolic

Bacterial endocarditis produces lesions resembling cauliflower called __________ that break off into the bloodstream as __________.

vegetations, emboli

Damage to the heart valves produces lesions called ___________ that can break off into the bloodstream as ___________, material that travels through the blood.

vegetations, emboli

The inter________ septum is the wall between the ventricles of the heart.

ventricular