Medulla oblongata
Decussation of the pyramids is?
90% of the fibers cross (lateral corticospinal tract) and 10% dont cross (anterior corticospinal tract)
Function of respiratory center?
Adjust the basic rythm of breathing
What is the position of medulla?
It is continous with the spinal cord and forms the inferior part of the brainstem.
Medial lemniscus contains the?
Crossed fibers from gracile and cuneate nuclei
Exact inferior and superior border?
Foramen magnum Medullopontine sulcus.
What is the corticospinal tracts concerned with?
Voluntary movement of limbs and trunk
What does its white and grey matter contain?
White has all the ascending sensory tracts Grey has all the descending motor tracts
What is pyramids?
White matter that form bulges on the anterior aspect of the medulla
What cranial nerve nuclei is found in medulla?
5 Trigeminal 8 Vestibular cochlear (medullopontine sulcus) 9 Glossopharyngeal 10 Vagus 11 Accesory 12 Hypoglossal
Which centers are found in the medulla?
Cardiovascular center Vomitting center Deglution center Respiratory center
Inferior olivary nucleus recive information from?
Cerebral cortex Red nucleus of midbrain Spinal cord
Function of the medulla?
Connect the higher levels of the brain to the spinal cord and is responsible for functions of the autonomic nervous system (respiration, cardiovascular, vomitting, deglution)
Relation with medulla and the Accessory nerve?
Contribute with the vagus in swallowing muscles. Motor output to SCM and trapezium
The pyramid contain?
Corticospinal fibers
What is pyramids formed from?
Corticospinal tracts that pas from cerebellum to spinal cord
What structures is found medially in the medulla?
Hypoglossal nucelus (12) Medial lemniscus Pyramid
Function of the vomitting center?
Induce vomitting if the area postrema detects toxins in the blood
Nucleus of gracilis and cuneatus?
Located on the posterior part of medulla.
What is found in the lateral medulla?
Nucleus ambiguus (9, 10, 11) Vestibular nuclei (8) Inferior cerebellar peducle Lateral spinothalamic tracts Tract of trigeminal nerve.
Relation with medulla and the vagus nerve?
Recieve sensory about the state of organs, taste of anterior 2/3 of tounge. Motor output to pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles.
Relation with medulla the vestibulococlear nerve?
Recieve sensory impulses from the cochlea, the impulses contain impulses for hearing
Relation with medulla and the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Recieve sensory imput of taste (posterior 1/3) Motor output for swallowing and salvation.
Function of the cardiovascular center?
Regulate rate and force of the heartbeat and diameter of vessels
Relation with medulla and the trigeminal?
Sensation in the face and masticator muscles.
Function of deglution center?
Swallowing food.
What does the decussation lead to?
That each side of the brain control voluntary movements of the opposite side of the body.
What is the medulla part of?
The brainstem, together with pons and mesencephalon.
Inferior olivary nucelus function?
The neurons extend from the ION into the cerebellum and regulates the cerebellar neurons.
Function of cerebellar neuron regulation?
The regulation adjust the muscles when yur learn new motor skills.
Relation with medulla and the Hypoglossal nerve?
Tounge muscles during speech and swallowing.
